
Class _ / . jlAxl 



DIVfSJOM Otr nOCIIMf^MTn 



HANDBOOK OF TENNESSEE 



Contamingf descriptive and statistical matter relative 
to the resources and products of the State 



BY 

THOMAS H. PAINE 

COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE 








Nashville, Tenn. 

McQtriDDY Printing Company 

1903 




HANDBOOK OF TENNESSEE 



Gjntaining descriptive and statistical matter relative to 
the resources and products of the State 



BY 



THOMAS H. PAINE 
COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE 



^. 



LMjU 



Vfvt^'JK^, 



Nashville, Tenn^ 

McQuiDDY Printing Company 

1903 



JAN 7 1906 
D.ofD, 



NOTE 



Owing to the limited fund at my command, I have 
sought to eiTibody in this Handbook only snch information 
as my correspondence v.uc] experience have led me to be- 
lieve would be most useful to those asking for information 
about the products and resources of the State. 

In the preparation of this work, much labor has been 
expended in collecting information and in culling from 
the various volumes of the ''Reports of the Federal Census 
for 1900" what I regard as the most important statistical 
information al>out the State of Tennessee and about each 
county in the State ; and I have'combined it with descrip- 
tive matter so arranged that the seeker after information 
abont our resources and our products may find this an 
accurate and a reliable book of ready reference. It should 
be borne in mind that the agricultural statistics given for 
t-ach corinty, being compiled from tlie censiLs reports of 
1900, were based on the products of what was considered 
an unfavorable crop year, and, therefore, do not show the 
full capacity of the State for the various products enumer- 
ated. 

In the hope that this work may measurably answer the 
purposes of its publicatir»n, it is respectfully submitted. 

THOMAS H. PAINE, 
C omraissioner of Agriculture. 



NDBOOK OF TENNESSEE. 



This office receives numeroais inquiries from residents 
and nonresidents of tlie State asking for information about 
the resources and the advantages of the State in general, or 
asking for information about certain localities with a view 
to seeking homes and making investments. This publi- 
cation is designed to meet tliis demand and to disseminate 
among our own people a better idea of the extent and vari- 
ety of the resources of the State, in the hope that such in- 
formation will tend to not only keep more of our own 
people in the State, but to induce desirable immigrants 
from other sections to cast their fortunes with us. 

In addition to the general descriptive matter and the 
special articles on particular subjects, the statistical pic- 
ture of every county in the State, compiled from the cen- 
sus re]>ort of 1000, will convey to the mind of the reader 
a definite idea of what each county is capable of producing 
and does produce. These facts and figures speak more 
truthfully, if not more eloquently, than words could tell 
it the story of the State's progress in everv' lin,e of indus- 
try, while the special articles briefly indicate the splendid 
opportunities which Tennessee presents to home seekers 
and capitalists. It is believed thaj:, a careful study of the 
facts herein presented will convince thinking men that 
the Eldorado of opportnnity lies not in the West, but in 
Tennessee. 

POPULATION. 

The population of Tennessee in 1900 was 2,020,G16, 
showing an increase over 1890 of 253,098 and an increase 
over 1800 of 1,901,430. 



2 Handbook of Tennessee. 

brief sketch. 

Tennessee shines like a rich jewel in a magnificent set- 
ting. Eight great States toucli lier borders and empha- 
size her gi'andenr. Tlie names of her statesmen, and pa- 
triots constitute a roll of honor in the history of popular 
government in the United States. She not only holds a 
proud position in, the nation's history, but a beneficent 
Providence has endowed her with natural resources and 
advantages of soil, climate, and conditions Avhich entitle 
her to rank anumg tlie richest and most powerful States 
of the T^nion. 

The " Fatlier of Waters " sweeps along her western 
borders, and with its tributaries and those beautiful rivers, 
the Tennessee and the Cumberland, and llieir tributaries, 
she has about 2,700 miles of navigable rivers, fiu'nishing 
cheap transportation for the rich and varied prodiu'ts of 
a vast section, rivaling in fertility and productive power 
the famous valley of the jSTile. 

More than 3,000 miles of railroads operating within her 
borders bring her priinary markets in touch with the mar- 
kets of the world and aft'ord to her people transportation 
facilities equal to those enjoyed by the most favcn-ed of 
her sister States. Still other railroad lines are projected 
and in process of construction, whicli will open up vast 
forests, gi'eat coal fields, rich agricultural sections, and 
give a fresh impetus to her progress and add millions of 
dollars to her material wealth. The spirit of progress in 
the matter of good roads is abroad in the State, and the 
rural free delivery mail servdce is being rapidly extended, 
with all the concomitants of progTess and enlightemnent. 
The contact with steel rails and electric wires is quicken- 
ing whole communities into new life, and schools and 
cliurches, homes and factories are springing up all along the 
highways of progress. Yet old as her civilization is, stand- 
ing as she does in the front rank of educational progress in 
the South, with all of her schools and churches and facto- 



Haistdbook of Tennessee. 3 

ries, with all of her treasures of mine an J field and forest, 
with all of her railroads and telegraphs and telephones, 
Tennessee is still in the infancy of her material develop^- 
ment. Her great natural resources have scarcely been 
more than touched. She has the soil, she has the wat^r, 
and she lias the seasons that enable her people to prod vice at 
homo almost ever}^ important crop mentioned in the cen- 
sus schedide and everything that is absolutely essential 
to the sup]>ort of an enlightened people. There is no' State 
in the Union where the cost of living, one year with an- 
other, is so reasonable, on account of the variety and abun- 
dance of her home products. Her people are exempt from 
t,he extremes ^of heat and cold, exempt from the enervat- 
ing heat of the Gulf States and the bitter blasts of the 
Eastern x\tlantic (.'oast, exempt from the humid atmos- 
phere of the South Atlantic C-oast and the scorching breath 
of the arid regions of the West. Tennessee is the land 
of the happy mediuui. Her mountains and her hills, her 
talde-lands and her valleys are covered with native grasses 
that fatten vast flocks and herds. The limpid waters gush 
forth to fructify the soil from beds of coal and iron, mar- 
ble and granite, and C(3pper and zinc ; while untold wealth 
still lies sleeping beneath the surface of her soil awaiting 
the touch of the magic hand of industry to bring it to light. 
Considering hei- natural advantages and properly estimat'- 
ing her present opportunities, her lands can be secured at 
comjiaratively low prices. It requires n6 seer to see that 
Tennessee, with her immense coal fields ; with mines of 
iron ore of incalculable value and extent; with the finest 
marble beds in the world ; with her gTeat coke industry ; 
with her vast de]30sits of phosphate, zinc, barytes, copper, 
and lithograph stone ; with her soil and climate ; with her 
advantages as a stock-growing State ; with her great water 
power ; with her rivers and her railroads ; with her ad- 
vantages in agriculture and in manufacturing, must, and 
\vill, soon,er or later, enter the front rank of the great in- 
dustrial and commercial States. 



4 Handbook of Tennessee. 

Whether this consimimation so devoutlj to be wished 
is to be attained within a few years, or to be attained by a 
later generation, rests with those of us who are now on the 
stage of action. Our enterprise will achieve it or our lack 
of enterprise will defer it. If we devote our hands, our 
brains, and our capital to the work and profit by the exam- 
ple of our competitors in the struggle, we will succeed. 
First, Tennesseans must know and appreciate the advan- 
tages we possess ; secondly, Tennesseans must strive to 
bring to the attention of the world those advantag'es and 
invite others to share wuth us the rich resources that await 
intelligent enterprise and determined effort. 

If we shall address ourselves to the task and use the ad- 

^Tantages we possess ; if we shall invite immigTation and 

capital as other progressive States are doing, we will soon 

add to that proud title, " The Volunteer State," that other 

proud tijle, " The Empire State of the South." 

EDUCATTONAL ADVANTAGES. 

In a republic popular education should be the first con- 
sideration. With the love of liberty sliould be coupled the 
intelligence to preserve it. To this vital essential Ten- 
nessee is awake. Her public-school system, imperfect 

as it is, challenges comparison with that of other States, 
and " progress " is the watchword. Her private institu- 
tions of learning easily place her in the lead of all the 
Southern States and abreast of the most advanced States 
of the Union in the matter of educational enterprise. 

PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS OF EEAKNING. 

In every county in the State are private schools, which, 
taken in connection with the public schools, show an edu- 
eational interest in the State unsurpassed anywhere. In 
his re]>ort for 1900 the State Superintendent of Public 
Instruction gives a list of universities, colleges, high 
seliools, training schools, and other private institutions of 



Haxbbook of Tennessee. 5 

learning in the various counties of the State, to the num- 
ber of 403, lieaded by such institutions as Vanderbilt Uiii- 
versit}'. Xashville; Cumberland University,, Lebanon; tlie 
Southwestern Baptist University, Jackson; the University 
of the South, Sewanee; the University of Tennesse(\ Knox- 
ville; and the Southwestern Presbyterian University, Clarks- 
viile. Nashville, the capital city of the State, ranks seeonfi 
as an educational center in the United States. 

EDUCATIO-VAL AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 

The State supports three magnificent asylums for the in- 
sane — at Ivnoxville, Xashville, and Bolivar — in addition to 
the Deaf and Dumb School, the Tennessee Industrial School, 
the Tennessee School for the Blind, and the Confederate 
Soldiers* Home. These institutions are all well equipped 
and economically conducted, and they are a source of pride 
to the people of the State. 

TAXATION. 

The State tax is : For schools, 15 cents on the $100 worth 
of property and 35 cents for other purposes. The county 
rate is limited to 30 cents on the $100, though sDecial taxes 
may be levied for schools and highways. 

The assessment for 1902 was 25,259,- 

980 acres of land valued at $173,207,406 

Town lots, valued at 124,757,254 

Value of other property 49,923,052— $347,887,713 00 

Assessed value of railroad property. '^6,710,396 99 

Number of miles of telegraph and 

telephone lines, 34,107.51; assessed 

value 1,618,132 74 

Total 1406,216,242 73 

Other taxes are collected on privileges. 

STATE DEBT. 

The State debt in 1900 amounted to $16,373,600; but since 
December, 1900, the State has retired $1,029,300 of the 



6 Handbook of Tennessee. 

bonded debt; and with tlie present rate of taxation and ex- 
penditures continued, the debt would continue to be extin- 
guished at the rate of $400,000 per annum. 

NATURAL DIVISIONS. 

There are well-defined natural divisions in this wonder- 
fully diversified State, which will be readily recognized by 
the student of her geography, soil, and climate. 

THE UNAKAS. 

The ITnaka range of mountains forms the eastern bor- 
der of tbe State, its loftiest peaks rising 6,000 feet above 
the level of the sea. The counties of Johnson, Carter. 
Washington, Greene, Cocke, Sevier, Blount, Monroe, Mc~ 
Minn, and Polk touch upon and are partially included 
in this range, which covers an area of 2,000 square miles. 
Tlie smiling valleys and nestling coves in this section are 
very rich and productive, and the range for stock is good. 
Mining, stock raising, and agriculture are the principal in- 
dustries. Iron, copper, marble, and timber are among the 
valuable products. Corn, wheat, pork, and the grasses are 
the staple products of tlie farm. 

THE VALLEY OF EAST TEIs^NESSEE. 

This valley, viewed from the Unalvas, presents a pan- 
orama of singular beaut}'. It is rich in minerals, and is 
a splendid agricultural country, where grain and grasses, 
fruits and vegetables yield an abundant revenue to the 
husbandman. The fertile valleys are watered by numer- 
ous streams, while the rainfall and the climate make it an 
ideal farming country. As a stock-raising section it is 
unsurpassed. The farmers raise wheat, corn, oats, hay, 
cattle, horses, mules, hogs, fruit, vegetables, and poultry 
for the market. It is also a fine country for dairying, 
and in some portions of it considerable attention is given 
to this branch of agriculture. Mining and manufactur- 



Handbook of Tennessee. 7 

inir industries are nniltiplying; and furnishiag- larger and 
better liome markets for the products of the soil. JSTo other 
\ section of the State enjoys a greater degTee of general 

prosperity than this section; in fact, this may be said of 
all that grand division of the State known as " East Ten- 
nessee." 

THE CUMEERLANl) TABLE-LAND. 

Adjoining tliis valley on the west lies the Cumberland 
Table-land, covering an area of 5,100 square miles, rich 
beyond estimate in coal and iron and bearing upon the 
surface fortunes in timber and agTicultural opportunities. 
The mountain gi-asses grow in wild luxuriance, furnish- 
ing pasturage enoug'li from April to ISTovember to fatten 
all the sheep and cattle it would require to supply the 
whole State with meat. Thousands of cattle and hogs 
annually fatten on the range, requiring no other feed and 
no care, except to keep tliem from straying from their 
owners. 

The climate lias made this section famous as a sum- 
mer resort for imalids. It is a fine fruit-gTowing sec- 
tion. Apples are a sure crop and of unsurpassed qual- 
ity. Targe quantities of this fruit are dried and shipped 
to mark(>t every year. Pears, quinces, grapes, cherries, 
strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, dewberries, and all 
kinds of cantaloupes and melons grow to perfection in 
this region. It offers extraordinary attractions for those 
wiio mny desire to engage in fruit growing and stock 
raising in a most delightful climate, where good health 
always figures in the profits of the business. Lands suit- 
able for fruit growing and stock raising are remarkably 
cheap. The wild pea, the hog pea, beggar lice, and other 
leguminous plants flourish ; and various native grasses are 
spontaneous. Herd's grass and orchard grass grow well 
in -^-arious parts of this section. Indian corn, wlieat, and 
buckwJieat yield well in some localities; cabbag'e, beans, 
peas, onions, and sweet potatoes are profitable crops; 



8 Handbook of Tennessee. 

while the Irish potato grows to perfection. Honeybees 
thrive in the wild state, and bee keeping is a profitable 
industry for those who engage in it. 

Extensive developments in the coal fields are in progress, 
and the opportunities for profitable investments in timber 
and coal in this section are abundant. 

THE HTGHT.AND RIM. 

This rim, 9,300 square miles in extent, surrounds the 
blue-grass region of Middle Tennessee. The counties of 
Macon, Overton, Pickett, Putnam, Clay, Jackson, White, 
Warren, Coffee, Franklin, Lawrence, Wayne, Lewis, 
Hiclanan, Humphreys, Dickson, Cheatham, Stewart, 
j\lontgomery, and Robertson, with parts of Perry, Hardin, 
Sumner, Cannon, and DeKalb, compose the Highland Eim. 
It is a splendid agricultural belt. On, the eastern edge 
of the rim the grasses grow luxuriantly, and stock rais- 
ing — including cattle, sheep, hogs, horses, and mules — is 
extensively carried on. Wheat, com, and oats are staple 
products in all these counties; fruits and vegetables 
flourish in all of them, and especially on the borders of 
the table-lands ; tobacco is a staple crop on the northern 
part of the rim ; and peanuts are extensively grown in some 
of the western counties. 

The lands are reasonable in price in all this section, and 
the people are wide awake and progressive. 

THE CENTRAL BASIN. 

The area of this basin is 5,450 square miles, embracing 
the counties of Smith, Trousdale, Sumner, Wilson, Ruth- 
erford, Davidson, Bedford, Moore, Lincoln, Giles, Mar- 
shall, Maury, and Williamson. Here the blue grass grows 
spontaneously, and all crops suited to the latitude are 
grown with profit. Wheat, corn, oats, barley, timothy, 
herd's gTass, clover, and vegetables and fruits are exten- 
sively cultivated. This region is the paradise of every 
kind of live stock, from the thoroughbred hog to the tlior- 



Handbook of Tennessee. 9 

oiiglibred race horse. Maniifacturiiig is increasing, and 
agriculture in all its branches is in a flonrishing condition. 
The great phosphate beds are located in this basin, and 
in some counties the developments are of man^elous rich- 
ness. The lands are cheaper than lands of like quality 
and productiveness, with equally good and convenient 
markets, an}^vhere in the world. 

WESTERN VAT.LEY OF THE TENNESSEE. 

The Western Tennessee Valley, 1,200 square miles in 
extent, embraces portions of Hardin, Wajme, Mcl^airy, 
Henderson, Decatur, Plumphreys, Benton, Stewart, Hous- 
ton, and Henry. The valley itself is rich and fertile, with 
occasional swampy places ; and the valleys of the tribu- 
taries of the Tennessee River are very productive. Corn, 
cotton, oats, grasses, hogs and mules are the principal 
products of this section. Fruits and vegetables thrive 
well. Lands are reasonable in price. 

THE PLATEAir, OR SLOPE, OF WEST TENNESSEE. 

This area of 8,850 square miles includes the counties of 
Carroll, Madison, Haywood, Henderson, Gibson, Weak- 
ley, Crockett, and Fayette, with parts of Henry, Hender- 
son, Obion, Tipton, and Shelby. The surface is compar- 
atively level ; the soil is light, porous, and siliceous, with a 
quick fertility that adapts it to the growth' of cotton, com, 
wheat, tobacco, clover, and the grasses, and makes it the 
" garden spot " of the State in the production of small 
fruits and vegetables. Tobacco, wheat, corn, oats, peas, 
cattle, horses, and mules are the staple products of the 
northern end of this ]>lateau ; while cotton, corn, fruit, 
and vegetables are the chief products of the southern end. 

In the central portion all kinds of grain, clover, and the 
grasses grow well, and the small fruits and vegetables ap^ 
proximate perfection. Large quantities of fruits and veg- 
etables are grown for the jSTorthern markets, and those 
who have engaged in the business have found.it very profit- 



10 Haistdbook of Tennessee. 

able. Tomatoes, strawberries, aspara^s, and early apples 
and peaches have been especially profitable to growers. 
The shipping facilities are excellent, the markets are con- 
venient, and the lands are low in price compared with 
lands of equally productive capacity in any other part of 
the United States. Witli Chicago, St. Louis, Louisville, 
and Cincinnati in direct rail connnunication, from ten to 
twelve hours distant, early fruits and vegetables grown in 
this section find a ready market at remunerative prices. 
Diversity of crops enables the fanners who practice that 
system of fanning to have something coming into market 
all the year around, though many still adhere tO' cotton 
as the staple crop. 

There is profit in raising horses and mules, hogs and 
cattle, chickens and turkeys, hay and grain, as well as in 
cotton and fruits and vegetables ; and the farmers of this 
section of the State are every year diversifying more and 
more. There is a notable increase in manufacturing in 
this section, which augurs still greater prosperity in the 
future. 

THE MISSISSIPPI BOTTOMS. 

That portion of the Mississippi Valley ]:)roper v.-hicli 
marks the western border of the State, including the coun- 
ties of Lake, Dyer, Lauderdale, nearly all of Tipton and 
Shell)y, and a part of Obion, Crockett, and Haywood, is 
900 square miles in area, and is the richest soil in the 
State. The soil is especially adapted to the growth of 
com, cotton, and the grasses. Its fertility is inexhausti- 
ble, and vegetation grows rank all over it. It was origi- 
nally rich in timber, which has been cut away in a large 
measure and the lands brought into cultivation. Develop- 
ment in this section has been rapid in the past decade, and 
it still continues on enlarging lines. While cotton and 
corn are the leading crops, more attention is paid each year 
to fruits and vegetables, grasses and stock. The price of 
land is moderate and the opportunities for profitable in- 
vestment are excellent. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 11 

MANUPWCTl RERS. 

A comparative statement of the manufaetiiriiio; and me- 
chanical industries of the State, as shown hv each census 
from 1850 to 1900, shows a remarkable fi^owth during* 
tliat period. Tlie population during" that period increased 
from 1,002,717 to 2,020,616, or 101.5 percent; while the 
average number of wage earners employed increased from 
12,039 to 50,167, or 816.7 per cent. The largest number 
of wage earners employed at any one time in, 1900 was 
72,618, or 3.6 per cent of the total population. The cap- 
ital employed increased from $6,527,729 in 1850 to $71,- 
182,966 in 1900; the cost of material used increased 
from $5,166,886 in 1850 to $63,384,665 in 1900, while 
the value of products increased from $9,725,608 in 1850 
to $107,437,879 in 1900. The capital employed in 1900, 
compared with 1890, increased from $51,475,092 to 
$71,182,966; the cost of material used in 1900, compared 
with 1890, increased from $4-0,463,782 to $63,384,665; 
the value of products in 1900, compared with 1890, in- 
creased from $72,355,286 to $107,437,879; the average 
number of wage earners employed in 1900, compared witli 
1890, increased from 37,487 to 50,167. 

The census report for 1900 says: 

" The manufactures of Tennessee are based largely upon 
natural resources. Since 1880 the increase in the more 
important manufactures has been marked. Mineral de- 
posits, including iron and copper ores and coal, largely 
neglected until within the last twenty-five years, are the 
chief causes of this growth. Fields of coal of excellent 
coking quality underlie 5,100 square miles of the State, 
and the production in 1899 amounted to 3,330,659 short 
tons, or nearly twice the production in 1889. In 1899 
Tennessee ranked thirteenth among the States in coal pro- 
duction. 

" Tennessee is traversed by several trunk railways. In 
1900 its mileage aggregated 3.137 miles, or 7.51 miles ]>er 



12 Haistdbook of Tenjn^essee. 

100 square miles of territory, as compared with an aver- 
a;2:e of 6.51 miles for the United States. 

" The State also has several navigable rivers. The 
Mississippi Eiver, its western boundary, furnishes com- 
munication with the entire Mississippi Valley. Manu- 
factures are fairly well distributed and diversified, those 
based upon grain and lumber predominating in the cen- 
tral and western sections ; those based upon minerals, in 
the eastern part." 

The ten leading industries of the State in 1900 em- 
braced 3,787 establishments, or 47.3 per cent of the total 
•number in the State; used a capital of $43,813,589, or 
61 .6 per cent of the total ; gave employment to 28,478 wage 
earners, or 56.8 per cent of the total numbfer; and paid 
$9,080,597, or 55 per cent of the total wages. 

EEOUR. 

The manufacture of flour-mill and gristmill products 
is the most important industry in the State. The 1,618 
establishments reported in 1900 gave employment to 1,154 
'wage earners, or 2.3 per cent of the wage earners employed 
in the State; and the products were valued at $21,798,929, 
or 20.3 per cent of the total value of the products of the 
State. In 1890 there were 918 establislmients, 1,417 
wage earners, and products valued at $12,474,284. The 
increase in the value of products during the decade was 
$9,324,645, or 74.8 per cent. Tennessee has good water 
power and excellent distributing facilities. Flour and 
gristmills are found in all parts of the State, though 
j^asliville is the chief center of the industry. Knoxville 
is the milling center of the eastern section of tlie State, 
and the industry is rising into importance at Memphis. 

LUMBER. 

The manufacture of lumber and timber products ranks 
second among the industries of the State, with 1,732 es- 
tablislnnents, 11,192 wage earners, and products valued 



Handbook of Tennessee. 13 

at $18,127,784. In 1890 there were 820 establishments, 
7,424 wage earners, and products valued at $9,073,686. 
Tlie increase in the value of products during the decade 
was $9,054,098, or 99.8 per cent. The forests of Ten- 
nessee contain many species of trees and are among the 
best in the United States. 

The most valuable timbers in the eastern part of tlie 
State include oak, ash, hickory, maple, poplar, and chest- 
nut. The Tennessee River and its tributaries bring the 
logs from the mountains do"\vn to Knoxville and Chatta- 
nooga,' which are leading manufacturing points. jSTash- 
ville is the principal lumber-manufacturing city in the 
central part of the State. Poplar, the timber most used 
there, is found in comparative abundance in the northern 
and central counties of Eastern and Central Tennessee and 
in the river counties of Western Tennessee. It is adapted 
to all purposes of house building, both for construction and 
outside and inside finish. Oak ranlcs next in importance. 
Ash is used for the inside finish of houses and for the man- 
ufacture of agricultural implements. For the latter pur- 
pose it ranks next to hickory, which is used almost ex- 
clusively for wagons, carriages, and handles. The scar- 
city of walnut and cherry has led to the increasing use of 
oalc, maple, birch, sycamore, and poplar in the manufac- 
ture of furniture. Quantities of these timbers are shipped 
to other States of the Union, to Canada and Mexico, and 
to Great Britain and other European countries. Mean- 
phis is the headquarters of the lumber manufacture in 
West Tennessee. The chief varieties cut in this section 
are poplar, white oak, ash, hickory, sycamore, and cypress. 
Much of it is shipped to the Xorth in th<> form of planks 
and staves. 

IRON AXD STEEI-. 

In 1900 there were 16 establishments engaged in the 
manufacture of iron and steel (the industry is third in 
rank), with 1,979 wage earners, and products valued 
at $5,080,624; in 1890 there were 15 establishments, 



14 Handbook of Tennessee. 

1,472 wage earners, and products valued a.t $4,247,868. 
The increase in the value of products during the decade 
was $832,756, or 10,6 per cent. This industry has been 
stimulated by abundant deposits of fuel and ore. Coking 
coal of excellent quality is found in the Cumberland re- 
gion, the State in 1809 being sixth in rank among the 
coke-producing States, with a production of 380,525 short 
tons. This was an increase of 23,561 tons, or 6.Q per 
cent, over the production of 1880. 

The three chief iron-producing districts correspond, in 
a general way, to tlie location of the iron-ore deposits. 
T]ie Eastern District comprises the counties of Johnson, 
Sullivan, aufl Washing'ton; the Chattanooga District, the 
most im]>ortant of the three, includes the counties of 
Roane, lihea, Hamilton, Marion, and Franklin ; and the 
Central District, the counties of Montgomery, Stewart, 
Dickson, Hickman, l^ewis, Lawrence, and Wayne. The 
fu.rnaces in the last-named district rel}^ chiefly upon char- 
coal, though some of them have recently begim, the use of 
coke. 

FOUNDRIES AND :\IACHINE SHOPS. 

In 1000 there were 05 establishments engaged in 
the manufacture of foundry and machine-shop prod- 
ucts, with 3,146 wage earners, and products valued at 
$1,074,500; in 1800 there were 68 establishments, 
2,620 v/age earners, and products valued at $4,427,187. 
The decrease in the value of products during the decade 
was $352,678, or 8 per cent. 

TEXTILES. 

In 1000 there were 72 establishments engaged in the 
manufacture of textiles, with 4,251 wage earners, and 
products valued at $3,007,270 ; in 1800 there were 60 
establishments, 3,051 wage earners, and products valued 
at $3,724,138. The increase in the value of prodiicts 
during the decade was $183,141, or 4.0 per cent. 

Tennessee possesses facilities for the ordinary textile 



Handbook; of Teistnessee. 15 

inanufactnres, the eastern section being well adapted to 
the production of wool. Knoxyille has a large woolen 
mill, and small woolen mills are scattered over the eastern 
and central sections. No factories for the manufacture 
of hosier)' and knit goods were reported in 1890 ; in 1900 
there were 4. 

RAILROAD SHOPS. 

In 1900 there Avere 16 establishments engaged in car 
construction and general shop work of steam railroad 
companies, witli 2,817 wage earners, aaid products valued 
at $3,113,053; in 1890 there were 10 establishments, 
1,772 wage earners, and products valued at $1,605,778. 
The increase in tlie value of products during the decade 
was $1,507,275, or 93.9 per cent. 

TOBACCO. 

In 1900 there were 92 establishments engaged in the 
manufacture of tobacco, with 1,237 wage earners, and 
products valued at $3,010,602 ; in 1890 there were 54 es- 
tablishments, 700 wage earners, and products valued at 
$853,529. The increase in the value of products during 
the decade Avas $2,157,073, or 252.7 per cent. In addi- 
tion to the ordinary varieties, Tennessee produces several 
kinds of fine tobaccos, tlie most important being the bright 
tol)accos of Greene County and the fine red shipping to- 
baccos of the Clarksville District. 

COTTOlV-SEEr) OIL. 

Ill 1900 there were 17 establishments engaged in the 
manufacture of cotton-seed oil and cake, with 751 wage 
earners, and products valued at $2,980,041 ; in 1890 there 
were 15 establislmients, 1,030 wage earners, and products 
valued at $2,504,741. Tlie increase in the value of prod- 
ucts during the decade was $475,300, or 19 per cent. The 
industry is carried on most extensively in tiie western sec- 
tion of the State, centering at Mempliis. 



16 Handbook or Tennessee. 

LEATHER. 

In 1900 there were 44 establislmients engaged in the 
manufacture of leather, with 803 wage earners, and prod- 
ucts valued at $2,802,117; in 1890 there were 60 estalv 
lishnients, 612 wage earners, and products valued at $1,- 
266,556. The increase in the value of products during 
the decade was $1,535,561, or 121.2 per cent. 

PLANING :SIILES. 

In 1900 tliere were 85 eBtablishments engaged in the 
manufacture of planing-mill products, with 1,148 wage 
earners, and products valued at $2,273,457; in_1890 there 
were 73 establishments, 1,498 wage earners, and products 
valued at $3,450,243. The decrease in tlie value of prod- 
ucts during the decade was $1,176,786, or 34.1 per cent. 

AOKTCULTURAl. CONDITIONS IN TENNESSEE. 

Agricultural conditions in Tennessee are steadilj im- 
proving, keeping pace with the growth of commerce and 
the developments in mining and manufacturing. The 
total number of farms on June 1, 1900, was 224,623. 
The value of farms at that date was $265,150,750. The 
lands and improvements other than buildings were val- 
ued at $202,013,790, and the value of buildings on the 
farms was $63,136,960. The live stock was valued at 
$60,818,605, and the value of fanu implements and ma- 
chinery was $15,232,670. 

Adding all these items together gives us $341,202,025 
as the value of farm property. The total value of farm 
products for 1899 was $106,166,440. Of this amount, 
33.4 per cent, amounting to $35,421,198, represents the 
value of animal products, and 66.6 per cent, amounting to 
$70,745,242, represents the value of crops, including tim- 
ber cut from tlie land. 



Handbook oi< Tena'essee. 



17 



FARM PRODUCTS. 



Corn $28,059,508 

Wheat 7,882,(597 

Oats 887,940 

Other cereals 84,447 

Potatoes 817,419 

Sweet potatoes 888, ()20 

Onions 10(5,421 

Beans .... 57,()()0 

Peas. 767,840 

Vahie of other vegeta- 
bles '..... 3,;}39.1«2 

Clover seed 34,145 

Other grass seed 70.332 



Peanuts $ 392,648 

Fruits 2,193,318 

Hay and forage 6,811,577 

Sorghum cane sold. . . 61,793 

Sorghum sirup 585,336 

Cotton 8,192,642 

Cotton seed 974,046 

Tobicco 2,748,495 

Broom corn 47,252 

Value of forest prod- 
ucts 5,086,624 

Miscellaneous 660,350 

Total $70,745,242 



ANIMAL PRODUCTS. 

Wool $ 263,779 

Dairy products 8,028,466 

Poultr}- and eggs 7,398,075 

Honey and wax 259,691 

Meat products 19,471,187 

Total $35,421,198 



FRUIT TREES. 

There are in the State fruit trees as follows : 

Apple 7,71 4,053 

Peach 2,749,203 

Apricot, cherry, pear, plum, and prune 1,198,286 

Total fruit trees 11,708,629 



COTTON AND GRAIN PRODUCTION. 

The cotton and g;rain prodnetion in Tennessee, accord- 
ing- to the census report for 1000, is as follows: 

Cotton production for 1899-1900 (500-pound bales) . . 235,008 

Wheat production for 1899 (bushels) 11,924,010 

Corn production for 1899 (bushds) 67,307,790 

Oat production for 1899 ( bushels) 2,725,330 

Other cereal production for 1899 (bu.shels) 138,402 



18 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



LIVE STOCK STATISTICS. 

The live stock on hand, according to the census of 1900, 
was as follows : 

Cattle of all kinds 962,553 

Dairy cows 351,949 

Horses , 391,(504 

Mules 264,248 

Sheep 499,277 

Hogs 2,059,896 

Asses and burros *. 9,395 



KAinrs AND FARM ACREAGE FKOM 1850 TO 1900. 

The f(dlowin,a' table from the census report for 1900 
shows the farm acreage and the number of fanris from 
IS 50 to 1890, as shown in each census vear: 





O . 

<> S 


NUMBER OF ACRES IN FARMS. 


Percent, of 
Farml,and 
Improved. 


YEAR. 


Improved. 


Unim- ~ . 1 
proved. Total. 


Average. 


1900 

1890 

1880 

1870 

1860 

1850 


224,623 
174.412 
165,6-50 
118,141 
82,368 
72,735 


10,245,9.50 
9,362,555 
8,496,556 
6,843,278 
6,795,337 
5,175,173 


10,096,108 
10.79ti,028 
12,170,3)9 
12,737,936 
13,873,828 
13,808,849 


20,312,058 
20,161,583 
20,666,915 
19,581,214 
2i),6i9,I65 
18,984,022 


90.6 
115.6 
124.8 
165.7 
2.50.9 
261.0 


50.4 
46.4 
41.1 
34.9 
32.9 
27.3 



The total number of fanns reported in 1900 was over 
three times as great as in 1850 and 28.8 per cent greater 
than in 1890. Tlie total acreage has not increased rap- 
idly, the gain since 1850 being but 7.2 per cent, and in 
the last decade but 0.9 per cent. These changes have re- 
sulted in a continuous decrease in the average size of 
farms, indicating a progressive division of farm holdings 
and a more complete utilization of the soil. The area of 
improved land has increased continuously since 1870 and 
at a more rapid rate than the total farm acreage, the per 
cent of farm land improved being greater in 1900 than 
in any previous census year. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



19 



FAim PROPERTY AND PRODUCTS. 

The following: table froni the census report for 1900 
shows the vahies of specified classes of farm property and 
of products from 1850 to 1900: 



YEAR. 


Land, Im- 
provements, 
and 
Buildings. 


Implements 

and 
Machinery. 


Total Value 
of Harm 
Property. 


Live 
Stock. 


Farm 
Products.* 


1900 


$265,150,7F0 
212,700,540 
206,749,837 
21 -,743,747 
271,358,'. 85 
97,851,212 


$15,232,670 
9,9:ii>,880 
9,051,86:! 
S, 199.487 
8,465,792 
5,3)0,210 


$ 541,202, 025 
3i2,8'.il,6"0 
2."i9,4r6,i70 
282,027,309 
3(0,0;!6,202 
133,189,438 


$60,818,605 
60,2.-4,230 
43,651,470 
55,084 075 
60,211,425 
29,978,016 


$106,166,440 


1890 


f.5, 194,181 


1880 

1870t 


62,076,311 
t86,472,H7 


1860 




1850 









* For year preceding that designated. 

fValues for 1870 vrere reported in depreciated currency. To reduce to specie 

basis of other years, they must be diminished one-fifth, 
t Includes betterments and additions to live stock. 



The total value of fanu property for 1860 includes 
slaves and other propert-y swept away by the Civil War. 
Deducting one-fifth from the total value of farm property 
for 1870 would reduce it to $225,621,848, showing a loss 
on account of the war of $114,414,354, in addition to the 
loss of the large percentage of increase during the decade 
from 1860 to 1870 which, but for the war, would liave fol- 
lowed. A comparison of the tables for 1860 and 1900 
shows that it has required forty years for Tennessee to 
reach the total value of farm property that she had before 
the war. jN^otwithstanding the destruction of property 
caused by tlie Civil War, the State shows a remarkable 
agricultural growth and development in the last half cen- 
tury. The increase in the total value of farm property 
since 1890 was $28,310,375, or 9 per cent. The increase 
in tlie value of land, improvements, and buildings was 
$22,450,210, or 9.3 per cent; in that of implements and 
machinery, $5,295,790, or 53.3 per cent; and in that of 
live stoclv, $564,375, or 0.9 per cent. The value of farm 
products in 1899 was 92.4 per cent greater than tlie value 
reported for 1889. 



20 Handbook ok Tennessee. 

COAi. AND IKOX. 

[The following article on the coal and iron interests of Tennes- 
see was especially prepared for this publication by Col. A. M. 
Shook, of Nashville, Tenn., who is perhaps the best-informed 
man in the State on this subject:] 

The coal and iron deposits of Tennesseo commence with 
its northeastera boundary and follow closely the Tennes- 
see and Cumberland Hivers or their respective tributaries 
almost as far as tliey run through the State. East Ten- 
nessee is very abundantly blessed with both coal and iron 
ore, widely distributed. The coals rank high, especially 
for steam and domestic purposes. It also contains a large 
area of coking coals tliat compare favorabl}^ with other 
coking coals of the South. The ores, also widely distrib- 
uted, are both red and browm. The red ores are a part of 
the great Clinton lead, extending from New York to Ala- 
bama and passing through East Tennessee. The quantity, 
quality, location, and dip control the value of these ores, 
which have a very wide range, varying from a high-grade 
soft ore, carrying 55 per ceut metallic iron, to a low-grade 
hard ore, carrying only about 20 per cent metallic iron. 
The brown ores' are also widely scattered, and vary about 
as much in quality as the red ores. Some of the brown 
ores in Cocke (.bounty are especially fine, carrying nearly 
60 per cent metallic iron; but, unfortunately, they also 
carry a high percentage of phosphorus. The highrgrade 
magnetic ores of the Cranberry field also occur in limited 
quantities in one or two border counties in Tennessee. 

All the ores of East Tennessee carry a large percentage 
of silica, except the magnetic ores of Carter and Jolmson 
Counties and the high phosphonnis ores of Cocke County. 
The most abimdant and reliable supply is from the Clin- 
ton lead, which carries either a large percentage of silica 
or too much lime. Tennessee, like the other Southern 
States, has practically no ore that is low enough in phos- 
phorus to make acid Bessemer steel; while all the East 
Tennessee ores make an iron that is splendidly adapted 



Hani»booi^ of Tennessee. 21 

to the inannfactnre of basic, open-heartli steel, which is 
the coniing" product. 

Chattanooga seems to be the logical and natural center 
of the iron and coal industry of East Tennessee on account 
of its geoo-raphical position, in, the center of the coal and 
iron fields ; its magnificent r abroad facilities for assem- 
bling the raw materials and distributing the manufactured 
products; its gTeat river, the upper tributaries- of which' 
drain the virgin forests of Upper East Tennessee and Vir- 
ginia, and also the coal and iron, ore deposits ; while the 
Lower Tennessee Tiiver furnishes an outlet by water for 
its manufactured products. Chattanooga is the oidy city 
or town in the South to-day that is making pig iron, that 
consumes more than it mW^es. Notwithstanding the fact 
that it is the third largest pig-iron producing district in 
the South, it is to-day importing pig iron from the other 
Southern districts, for the reason that its manufacturing 
establishments consume more than the local furnaces pro- 
duce. 

The coal field of Tennessee, lying between the Tennes- 
see and Cumberland Rivers and their tributaries, is the 
largest undeveloped coal field in the United States. It 
is true that the C'incinnati Southern Railroad crosses the 
field and some development has been done along its line. 
The Southern Railway also penetrates tlie field from Knox- 
ville to Jellico, and here is found the largest development 
of domestic and steam coal. The JTashville, Chattanooga 
and St. liOuis Railway skirts the western border* from 
Cowan to (yhattanooga, the largest development being at 
Tracy City, Whitwell, and Bon Air. The Tennessee Cen- 
tral Railroad, just completed to jN'ashville, opens up the 
eastern side of the field and makes available the magnif- 
icent domestic coals of the Upper Cumberland River. 
This great coal field, with the Tennessee River on one side, 
the Cumberland River on the other side; the Cincinnati 
Southern Railroad crossing it from north to south; the 
Southern Railwav iDenetrating the eastern end ; the ISTash- 



22 Handbook of Tennessjee. 

ville, Chattanoog-a and St. Louis Railway skirting its 
western and soiithern borders ; the Jasper, Tracy City, 
and Sparta branches penetrating it on the south and 
west : and the Tennessee Central Railroad skirting the 
eastern and northern boundary, is still practically unde- 
veloped. 

Recent tests in Grundy, Marion, and Whiter Counties 
''have greatly increased the value of this part of the coal 
field. I^he Sewanee vein is justly entitled to first place 
as a coking and steam coal. It has, until quite recently, 
been regarded as the top, or upper, scam, and is easily 
located, being inmiediately above tlie lower conglomerate, 
which fonus the table stone, or capstone, of the Cumber- 
land Plateau. Four miles north of Tracy City recent 
tests have developed a vein above the Sewanee vein, and 
also the presence of the upper conglomerate, which is im- 
mediately under the upper Sewanee seam. This vein, 
until the last few months, has been regarded as the main 
Sewanee vein. The fact that it is the upper seam and 
40 feet above the main Sewanee seam greatly enlarges the 
area occupied by the main Sewanee. seam. 

The lower measures have only been, worked successfully 
at Bon Air, in White County. While the coal is found 
under the table rock and can be traced without difficulty 
from Pikeville, Tenn., to Bridgeport, Ala., on. the east, and 
from Cowan to Bon Air, on the west, at no other place 
has it been found thick enoug'h to work successfully until 
witliiil the past few months. The " Xeed More " mines 
have been opened in Marion County, near Bridgeport, 
Ala., where the coal is uniform in quality and averages 
from 3 feet 4 inches to 5 feet 2 inches in thickness. Re- 
cent test holes a few miles north of Bon Air, in White 
County, have developed a tliickness ranging from 3 feet 
6 inches to 5 feet 4 inches. A sliaft has been sunk less 
tlian 200 feet deep to the coal, and the I^ashville, Chatta- 
nooga and St. Louis Railway is extending the Sparta 
branch to the place. This is a fine domestic coal, a good 



]Iandbook of Tennessek. 23 

steajii coal, and a fair gas coal, and is now being' worked 
extensively at Bon Air. 

The Sewanee and Bon Air veins have been definitely 
and accurately located with pick and shovel. The veins 
that are being developed by tlie Tennessee Central Rail- 
road have not been definitely located with reference to tlie 
Sewanee and Bon Air veins. A thorough and accurate 
geological survey of this coal field is greatly needed, so 
tliat the value, extent, ^ideographical and geological position 
this great coal field holds can be seen and appreciated. 

What is laiown as the " western iron belt " of Lower 
^fiddle Tennessee' and West Tennessee extends entirely 
across tlie State, from Kentucky, on tlie north, to Alabama, 
on the south, embracing the counties of Stewart, Lewis, 
LaAvrence, Wayne, and others. Six blast funiaces are now 
operating in tliis belt — two in ^Vayne County, one in Hick- 
man Coimty, one in Dickson County, one in Montgomery 
County, and one in Stewart County. All use local ores, 
with coke as fuel, except the Stewart County plant, which 
uses charcoal ; and this plant occupies the proud distinc- 
tion of being able to sell its product at a higher prices than 
any other blast furnace in tlie LTnited States on, account 
of its superior quality, almost the entire output being used 
at Pittsburg in the manufacture of chilled rolls. 

From the ores of Stewart County the celebrated " Ten- 
nessee iron '' of fifty years ago was made. The quality 
was so good that the makers proudly advertised the fact 
that no boiler made from " Tennessee iron " had ever been 
known tf) explode. 

The ores of Wayne County are as remarkable as those of 
Stewart, but of a very diiferent character, and the product 
is used for a very different purpose. While the ores of 
Stewart County get their value from low phosphorus and 
low silicon product, the ores of Wayne Couiity derive their 
value from high phosphorous and high silicon product. A 
recent sale of high phosphorus, high silicon pig iron from 
Wayne County brought higher prices than, any pig iron 



24 Haistdbook of Tennessee. 

in this country, except tlie low phosphorous, low silicon, 
cold-blast charcoal iron of Stewart County. The Stewart 
County ores puddle well ; the Wayne County ores melt 
well. Between these extremes are found larg'e quantities 
of ore suitable for forge and foundry iron required for 
ordinary purposes. 

All the furnaces in the field, except the one in Mont- 
gomery County, were originally built for the manufacture 
of charcoal iron, including' three others that are now idle ; 
but all are now running on coke, except the Stewart County 
furnace. The reasons that brought about tlie change from 
charcoal to coke are that the amount of Avood required to 
make charcoal, even for a small furnace, yery soon ex- 
hausts the adjacent country of timber. Through this sec- 
tion the average yield is about 25 cords per acre. The 
average yield of charcoal is 40 bushels per cord. It takes 
100 bushels of charcoal to make a ton of hot-blast iron. 
So that a furnace running on charcoal and making 50 tons 
per day will consume the entire yield of 5 acres every 
day, or 1 acre for every 10 tons of iron made; while a 
vein of coal 4 feet thick will produce 5,000 tons per acre 
and make 3,000 tons of coke per acre, which will make, 
approximately, 3,000 tons of pig iron. In other words, 
an acre of coal 4 feet thick will make 300 times as much 
coke iron as an acre of timber that will cut 25 cords will 
make of charcoal iron. An additional reason for chang- 
ing from charcoal to coke is that by the use of coke the 
capacity of the furnace is increased nearly 50 per cent; 
and still another reason is that for ordinary forge and 
foundry work coke iron sells for about as much as char- 
coal, the exception being for specialties, such as car wheels, 
chilled rolls, etc. 

The future of this great iron field depends upon the 
price of coke. To-day it is shipping all the coke used in 
the five furnaces that are in blast from Big Stone Gap, 
Ky., an average of over 500 miles by rail; and while the 
rate of freight is not excessive, being less than one-half 



Handbook of Tennessee. 25 

of a cent per ton per mile, it amounts to nearly $3 per ton 
of iron. 

If the coal fields that are penetrated by the IsTashville, 
Chattanoog'a and St. Louis Railway and the Tennessee 
Central Kailroad were sufficiently developed and equipped 
with coke ovens to- furnish this supply of coke, it would 
reduce the average haul to less than 250 miles, reduce the 
freight cost per ton of iron from $3 to $1.50, and give 
employment to 1,500 men at the mines, increasing' the 
value of both coal and iron ore lands and increasing the 
tonnage to- our railroads. This applies only to the fur- 
naces in Tennessee. The extensive developments at Flor- 
ence, Ala., and Sheffield, Ala., draw largely on this ore 
field for a supply for six large coke fiirnaces at these 
places. These furnaces will consume 2,000 tons of coke 
daily, which means 3,500 tons of coal. This would more 
than double the nmnber of men employed in the coal mines 
and ratably increase the value of our coal fields^ in addi- 
tion to giving a largely increased tonnage to our railroads. 

Present conditions and the outlook for iron products 
certainly warrant the development of this great coking 
coal field to a point that will at least supply the present 
demand. 

The undisputed fact that coal and iron are our greatest 
wealth-producing commodities and the presence of both 
in such large quantities in Tennessee only emphasizes the 
necessity for their greater development. 



TENNESSEE PHOSPHATES. 

[Through the courtesy of Dr. C. W. Hayes, of the United States 
Geological Survey, I present to those interested a practical treat- 
ise prepared by him on the phosphates of the State, the mining of 
which, though now only in its infancy, will doubtless prove a 
great industry.] 

High-gTade phosphate rock, in sufficient quantity to be 
of commercial importance, was first discovered in Tennes- 



26 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



see in 1893. jSTo rock was mined for shipment in that 
year, but in 1894 shipments began and liave steadily in- 
creased np to 1900. During 1901 the prodnetion on the 
sales basis showed a slight decrease from the previous year. 
This was due in part to heavy rainfall flooding the mines 
and in part to the attitude of foreigii pliosphate manufac- 
turers, who withheld orders, awaiting a fall in the price. 
From 1894 to the close of 1901, 1,808,943 tons had been 
mined and sold at a total valuation at the mines of $4,596,- 
158. The rapid development of the industry is shown by 
the following table, taken from " Statistics of the Divi- 
sion of Mineral Eesources of the United States Geological 
Survey " for 1901, which gives the production and value 
of the product by years : 

PRODUCTION OF PHOSPHATE ROCK IN TENNESSEE. 



YEAR. 


Quantity — 
Long Tons. 


Value. 


1894 


19,188 
38,515 
26,157 
128,723 
308,107 
424,109 
454,491 
409,653 


$ 67,158 
82,160 


1895 


1896 

1897 

1898 


57,370 
193,115 

498,392 


1899 


1,177 166 


1900 


1,328,707 


1901 


1,192,090 







It will thus be seen that, next to^ coal, phosphate is the 
most important mineral product of the State. 

CInssificalion. — Three distinct species of phosphate 
rock occur in commercial quantities in Tennessee, and all 
of them, so far as at present loiown, are confined to this 
State. These three species are conveniently distinguished 
by their prevailing color, as (1) bi'own, (2) black or blue, 
and (3) white phosphate. The black phospluite is further 
distinguished as " bedded " and " nodular," only the 
bedded rock, however, being commercially important. 
Also, the white rock is distinguished as " lainellar," "' brec- 
cia," and " stonv." Here, again, only the first is at pres- 



Handbook of Tennessee. 27 

ent utilized. Tliese several species and varieties of the 
phosphate rock occur at different geological horizons, have 
different associations and origins. They will be taken up 
and described in tlie order given above, which is that of 
their relative age, and happens also to be the order of their 
relative couiiiiercial importance. 

Composiiion. — Phosphate rock consists essentially of 
tricalcimn ]>hosphate, which has the chemical formula 
Ca.s Po Os. This is often referred to as '" bone phosphate 
of lime," because it is the substance which enters chiefly 
into the composition of bone. Tn addition to this calcium 
phosphate, the rock contains a variety of other substances 
as impurities. The most abundant are silica, in the form 
of quartz or chert ; various iron compounds, as' the oxide, 
sulphide (iron pyrites), carbonate or phosyvhate, silicate 
of aluminium (clay), calcium carbonate (calcite or lime- 
stone) ; and organic matter, both of animal and vegetable 
origin. The sum of these accessor}^ constituents of the 
phosphate rock is rarely less than 20 per cent, the remain- 
ing SO per cent being calcium phosphate. From this mini- 
mum of 18 or 20 per cent, they increase until the phosphate 
itself becomes a subordinate constituent or disappears, and 
the rock passes into a sandstone, limestone, or shale. 
There is, therefore, no shai-p' line separating phosphate 
rock from other rocks of gTcat diversity, but a gradual 
passage from one to the others. To form a commercial 
product, however, the rock must have at least 65 per cent 
of calcium ]>hosphate, and its value increases rapidly with 
each additional per cent, since the other constituents are 
not only objectionable as so much dead weight to be trans- 
ported, but some of them seriously interfere with the -treat- 
ment of the rock in cmiverting it into fertilizer. 

Brown Flinsphaie. — Bro^m phosphate, as its name im- 
plies, is characterized by a rusty brown or yellowish color, 
frequently a decided gray oh a fresh fracture. The bro^\m 
color is due to iron oxide, which is always more or less 
abundantlv associated with the rock. It always has a 



28 Handbook of Tennessee. 

porous strnctnre, and consequently a low specific ^'avity. 
In some cases it is composed chiefly of very small rounded 
and hig'hly polislied grains of lime phosphate; in other 
cases these gTains are obscure or wanting, and the rock con- 
sists of a cellular mass, the walls of the cells being made 
up of compact gTay phosphate. The casts of numerous 
minute coiled shells also occur in the rock, and in some 
cases impressions of large bivalve shells. The rock occurs 
in the form of loose plates from 1/2 inch to 4 inches in 
thickness,' and sometimes several feet broad. These are 
separated by more or less reddish clay. They sometimes 
retain very nearly their original horizontal position,, al- 
ii lOugh they are elsewhere often grea,tly disturbed. These 
plates, as tiiey are exposed in the process of mining, have 
the appearance of a rather evenly laid stone wall. They 
form a layer which varies widely in thickness in different 
parts of the field, from a few inches up to 15 or 18 feet. 
The phosphate is generally covered by a layer of red clay 
from a fcAv inches up to 10 feet in thickness. 

The immediate source of the phospliate is very evident, 
although its remoter origin is more difficult to deteraiine. 
Tn mining, masses of limestone are frequently met with 
replacing the layer of phosphate rock. These are seen to 
be composed of alternating bands of partially crystalline 
blue limestone and gray or brownish phosphatic limestone. 
When such a rock is exposed to the action of surface waters 
containing carbonic and other organic acids, the lime is 
leached out and removed, while the phosphate, being very 
much less soluble, remains. The layers of gi'ay phosphatic 
limestone thus give rise to the plates of brown phosphate, 
while the intervening" layers of blue limestone a-re reduced 
to the thin layers of ferruginous clay which occur between 
the phosphate plates. There is, in, tliis process of leaching, 
generally, a great reduction in the volume of the original 
rock. The phosphatic layers usually retain their original 
thickness in the plates of brown phosphate, but the inter- 
venine: layers of blue limestone are reduced to a small 



Handbook of Tennessee. 29 

fraction of their orifz'iiial volume. Whenever the leaching 
takes place irregularly and masses of unleached limestone 
are left, the resulting phosphate plates sag down between 
adjacent limestone masses, and are thus in many places 
more or less broken and disturbed. They can, however, be 
seen to pass directly into the phosphatic layers of the lime- 
stone, and their derivation from the latter is, therefore, 
unquestionable. The brown phosphate varies greatly in 
hardness, from a soft, incoherent sand to a hard, ringing 
rock. 

At a few localities the pliosphate, instead of occurring 
in alternating layers of phospliatic limestone and blue crys- 
talline limestone, is concentrated in beds of considerable 
thickness, up to 2 or 3 feet. These beds contain only 
a small percentage of lime, and, therefore, form high- 
grade phosphates without the preliminary leaching which 
is essential in most cases. In some cases the color is light 
gray ; in others, bluish gray grading into black. The lat- 
ter rock very closely resembles the blue Devonian rock, to 
be described later, and has sometimes been mistaken for it. 
This variety of rock has been found at only a few localities 
in ]\Iaury 'rbunty. 

The brown phosphate is associated with several of tlie 
Silurian limestone formations whicli fomi the surface in 
the C^^entral Basin of Tennessee. These formations, from 
the Devonian downward, are named as follows: Clifton, 
Fernvale, I.eiper, Cathey, Bigby, Hermitage, Carter, and 
Lebanon. (" Columbia Quadrangle, Geological Atlas of 
tlie United States, United States Geological Suiwey " — 
in press.) Three of these formations — na^nely, the 
Leiper, Bigl)y, and ITermitage — contain limestones which 
are sufficiently phosphatic to yield high-grade rock in 
commercial quantities. The phosphate of the Hermitage 
formation is the least important and is confined to tlia 
soutliern portion of the field, chiefly in tlio vicinity of 
Mount Pleasant. The most important phosphatic beds 
occur in the Bigby formation. Brown phosphates de- 



30 Handbook of Tennessee. 

rived from tliis fonnation are found in Giles Connty, ver)' 
extensively in IVfanrj County, and to sonio extent in Will- 
ia.inso'n and Davidson C^ounties. The phosphates derived 
from the Leiper oocnr to some extent in Maury County, 
l)ut cliiefly in vSumner County. It will thus be seen that 
all tlie counties which occupy the western margin of the 
(Vntral Basin of Tennessee contain more or less of the 
hvnwii ]>hosphate. At many ]>laces this is not sufficiently 
hioh n'rade or sufficient in amount to warrant workino- at 
t.lie ]u-espnt time. The workable field, however, wliile it 
is strictly limited by a'cologic and topographic conditions,, 
will gradually expand as means of transportation are im- 
proved and the demand for Inw-grade roclv increases. 

The geologic conditions which determine the presence of 
workable phosphate are: First, the presence at 4he surface 
of one or the other of the phosphate-bearing forhiations ; 
secondly, the presence in these formations of beds suffi- 
ciently high in phosphate to yield a commercial product 
after the removal of the lime. While these limestones 
were being formed on the sea bottom, the sea appears to 
have been quite shallow, and only in certain places, where 
conditions were favorable by reason of the depth of water 
or the direction of the currents, was the phosphate de- 
posited. TIence it is only in these favorable localities that 
the rock now yields a phosphate. Even v/here an abun- 
dance of pliosphate was deposited, it was sometimes so inti- 
mately associated with other insoluble materials, as sand 
and clay, that the res\dting beds are too low grade to be 
utilized. 

Tt is further important that the topogTaphic conditions 
shall be such as to favor the weathering of the phosphatic 
l>eds over considerable areas. In case the phosphatic bed 
outcrops on a steep slope, the width of the zone where 
weathering can tal^e place will be very sliglit, the greater 
part of the foiination being protected by a great thickness 
of overlying rocks ; also, the leached material, being upon 
a steep slope, will ])e rapidly removed ; hence the amount 



Handbook of Tennessee. 31 

of phosphate contained in the belt will be small. In case 
the phosphatic bed, on the other hand, forms the surface 
over a considerable stretch of level crMintry, below wdiich 
the streams are cut sufficiently deep to afford perfect drain- 
age, the conditions are favorable for leaching- of the rock 
over a broad area, and the width of the phosphate-bearing 
belt will be correspondingly great. 

The importance of these topographic conditions is illus- 
trated in the Swan C"^reek and Sugar Creek Valleys. In 
Swan Creek Valley the phosphatic limestone outcrops upon 
the steep slopes, while the bed, all except a shallow belt, 
is protected by a great thickness of overlying carboniferous 
shale and chert ; lience the zone of weathering is narrow, 
and the productive area is correspondingly restricted. In 
Sugar Creek Valley, on the other hand, the phosphatic beds 
occupy the surface in broad terraces which extend from the 
margin of the creek, frequently a quarter or a, half mile, 
back to the foot of the steep slopes. Conditions for leach- 
ing are favorable in these terraces, and the areas of the 
leached rocks are, therefore, very large. 

The browTL phosphate is mined entirely in open cuts. 
The clay overburden, from 1 foot to 10 feet in thickness, is 
first removed, usually with plow and scraper, and the phos- 
phate then taken out with pick and shovel. The rock, after 
being luindled with forks to separate it from the clay, is 
spread out on the ground and allowed to dry. The drying 
is hastened by stirring the rock with a harrow. After ex- 
posure to the sun in this manner for several days, the rock 
is more perfectly dried by means of open kilns, being piled 
up on a platform of wood, which is then burned. While 
this method of drying is almost universally emyiloyed, it 
gives only moderately satisfactory results. It is neither 
so economical nor so uniform in its results as some of the 
more improved driers would appear to be. In some cases 
the rock is washed, the entire mass of phosphate plates and 
the intervening clay as it comes from the mine passing 
throuirh an ordinary log washer, in which t he clay is mostly 



32 Handbook of Texa^essee. 

removed, to!o:etlier with a large amount of the more friable 
portions of the phosphate. This method of working is 
much more economical than the ordinary method of fork- 
ing, for everything which passes through the forks is lost ; 
and where the rock is friable this includes a considerable 
proportion of the phosphate, along with most of the clay. 
The present wasteful methods of mining will doubtless l>e 
follo^ved until it becomes generally recognized tliat the 
supply of high-grade phosphate is by no means inexhausti- 
ble. The present dumps will tlien be worked over at a 
greatly added cost, since no attempt is ordinarily made t-o 
keep the overburden separate from the phosphate waste. 
If the latter were dried, crushed, and screened or bolted, 
it appears probable that a high-grade product might be 
obtained from material which is now a dead loss. 

Some attempts have been made to estimate the total 
amount of brown phosphate in the Tennessee field, but as 
yet the data are not available for an estimate which !ias 
any value. It is impoc Bible to tell, until a field is thor- 
oughly developed, what proportion of the rock is suffi- 
ciently leached to make it available. This is the principal 
source of error in making estimates. Also, the thickness 
of the phosphate layer is variable, as well as the grade of 
the rock and the proportion which can be saved in mining, 
While no estimate in tons can yet be made of the probable 
yield of the field, it may be definitely stated that the field 
is by no means inexhaustible. Injudicious statements in 
the newspapers with regard to the inexhaiislible supply of 
liigh-grade rock in sight have been of great damage t/i the 
producers in demoralizing the markets. Some of the pro- 
ducers themselves believe the supply to be inexhaustible, 
and consequently pursue ruinously extravagant metliods of 
mining and marketing tlie rock. JSTothing is more certain 
than that ]jrices will become steady and greatly improve 
if the producers will exercise ordinary precaution in ex- 
jiloiting their properties. 

Tlie most active and extensive development of the brov\^n 



IIaxdbook of Teistnessee. 33 

s 

phosphate has heen in the immediate vicinity of Mount 

Pleasant. Half a dozen larji'e companies are at present 
engaged in this district, and the shipments from Mount 
Pleasant greatlv exceed those from all the other districts 
combined. Two companies are operating north of Colum- 
bia, on Carter's Creek, and one in Sumner Conntj^ on De- 
Shea Creek. The mines at these several localities repre- 
sent the greater part of the present development ; but, in 
addition, small amounts of rock have been mined from 
various other localities witliin the belt indicated along the 
western margin of the Central Basin ; also, considerable 
brown rock has been shipped from the vicinity of Center- 
ville, in Hickman County. The most active company in 
this region is the Virginia and Carolina Chemical Com- 
pany, which is developing rather extensive deposits near 
the mouth of Swan Creek. 

BlacJc Plwsphafe. — The next variety of Tennessee phos- 
phate, and the fir . to be discovered and mined on a com- 
mercial scale, is of Devonian age; therefore it always oc- 
curs above the various horizons at which the brown phos- 
phate is found. 

The Devonian of Middle Tennessee is represented by 
only a few feet of rock — which, however, is very character- 
istic and easily recognized. Although only a few feet, and 
sometimes a few inches, in thickness, there are three well- 
charaeterized and persistent subdivisions, all of which aie 
generally, though not always, present. These are : At the 
top, the greensand bed; in the middle, the black shale; 
and at the base, the phosphate bed. 

The upper bed is the most persistent of the three. It 
varies in thickness from 2 or 3 inches to 3 feet. It is 
greenish in color from the presence of glauconite, or green- 
sand, which also gives it a somewhat sandy texture. It 
usually contains the phosphatic nodules which form one 
variety of the black pliosphate. 

Beneath the greensand bed is the black shale. This is 
very persistent to the westward, in Hickman and Perry 

2 



34 Handbook of Tennessee. 

Counties ; but eastward, in Maury and Williamson Coun- 
ties, it is srenerally wanting. It occasionally reaches a 
thickness i:)f 10 fc^et, although it is more generally about 
4 feet. The black shale, as its name implies, is almost 
■jet-black in color, due to the presence of a large amount 
of finely disseminated organic matter, probably of vegeta- 
ble origin. It e'enerally splits easily into very thin leaves. 
This division of the Devonian also occasionallj' contains 
phosy)hatic nodules, but less often than the greensand. 

Immediately under the black shale is the bed of blai.'k 
pliospliate, which varies in thickness from 1 inch up to 
40 inches. While this bed of phosphate is persistent over 
a large area, embracing the western portions of Maury 
and Williamson Counties, and the whole of Hickman, 
Lewis, Perry, and Wayne Counties, it is only locally of 
sufficient thickness and purity to be of commercial impor- 
tance. The black phosphate varies widely in appearance 
and composition. Only that rock which contains more 
than 60 per cent of lime phosphate can be at present re- 
garded as commercially important. This high-grade rock 
varies in color from dense black to bluish gray. It may 
be either fine-grained, having the appearance of a fine 
black sandstone, or it may have an oolitic structure, being 
composed largely of small rounded grains with highly pol- 
ished surfaces. Lt frequently contains well-rounded water- 
worn pebbles of phosphate or other material. These con- 
glomerate phases are generally low grade, since the pebbles 
are apt to bo composed of siliceous materials. It also con- 
tains occasional fragments of large fish bones and some 
small bivalve shells. In jNIauiy County and on. the vari- 
ous creeks which flow into Duck River, in the eastern, por- 
tion of Hickman County, the phosphate bed is thin and 
low grade, containing much quartz and iron pyrites. The 
greater part of the high-grade rock is found in the valley of 
I^uck River, between Totty's Bend and Centerville, and 
in the valley of Swan Creek. While the bed is continuous 
over the whole of this region, it is only in comparatively 



Handbook of Tennessee. 35 

small areas that it is siifFicientlj thick for profitable min- 
ing. Westward from Centerville the bed becomes con- 
glomerate and siliceous ; while to the sonthwestward, in 
Perry and Wayne Counties, it increases in thickness, but 
also becomes siliceous. In this region it passes into a 
sandy, phosphatic shale, and is in part represented by sev- 
eral feet of fine gray sandstone. 

The black phosphate is mined both by open cuts and tun- 
neling. Since its outcrop is usually on a rather steep 
slope, the belt within which stri]>ping is profitable is usu- 
ally quite narrow, and the greater part of the rock must 
be won by underground mining. When first discovered, 
the bed was mined where the thickness was 18 inches or 
more; but since the discovery of the brown phosphate, most 
of the mines have been abandoned, and only those having 
an exceptionally high-grade rock or favorable transporta- 
tion facilities are working at the present time. With an 
incease in the price of phosphate rock, which will inevita- 
bly come, considerable areas of black rock in this field will 
be worked at a profit. Probably all the beds of 70 per 
cent of rock over 18 inches in thickness can b© profitably 
mined when the price goes above $3 per ton. It is evi- 
dent, tliei'efore, that, while this field shows little activity 
at present, it is destined to be of considerable importance 
in the future. It should be clearly understood, however, 
that the rock is by no means inexhaustible, and the min- 
ing should be done in. a systematic and economic man- 
ner. There is less temptation here, however, to mine ex- 
travagantly than in the brown phosphate field. 

WJi,itc FhospJiafe. — The brown and black phosphates, 
al>ove descrilied, are now found associated with the rocks 
with which they were originally deposited on the sea bot- 
tom. While they have been consolidated since their deposi- 
tion, and to some extent changed in composition by leach- 
ing, they retain their original position with reference to 
associated formations. They may, therefore, be called 
^' original deposits." The white phosphate differs from 



36 Handbook of Tenxessee. 

these in that it is a secondary deposit, and consequently is 
much inoi'e variable in its geoloo:ical associations than the 
otlier two species. Although calcium phosphate is so much 
less soluble than calcimn carbonate that the latter may be 
entirely remoA'ed, Avhile the former is scarcely at all af- 
fected (as is seen in the brown phosphates), nevertheless, 
under certain conditions the calcium phosphate may itself 
be dissolved. These conditions are probably an abundant 
supply of the complex organic acids which result from the 
decomposition of vegetable matter. The phosphate, how- 
ev^er, is quickly deposited when the solution reaches the 
surface, and the character of the resulting deposit will 
depend upon the conditions under which tliis deposition 
took place. 

The white phosphate, so far as at present known, is con- 
fined chiefly to Perry County. Small amounts have been 
discovered in Maury County north of Columbia, in con- 
nection with the brown phosphates, from which they are 
evidently derived. The largest deposits, however, are in 
Perry County, on streams flowing into the Buffalo and 
Tennessee Rivers. This region between these two rivers 
consists of a level plateau a little under 1,000 feet in 
altitude, which has been deeply dissected by the present 
streams. The surface of this plateau is composed of car- 
boniferous chert. The chert beds, here generally resting 
immediately upon Silurian limestones, are somewhat un- 
dulating; and while many of the streams have cut dovm 
through the chert, others have not reached the limestone, 
their valleys being entirely in the overlying chert. When 
erosion had reduced the land surface nearly to its present 
configuration, conditions were favoralile for the solution 
of lime phosphate, probably partly from the thin layer of 
low-grade Devonian phosphate, partly from the overlying 
carboniferous limestone, and partly from the underlying 
Silurian fonnations. In some places, as on Terrapin and 
Redhank Creeks, this solution of calcium phosphate came 
in contact with an extremely siliceous limestone. The cal- 



Handbook of Tennessee. 37 

ciiiin carbonate of this rock being more easil_y soluble than 
the calcium phosphate, the former was replaced by the 
latter in accordance with well-understood chemical laws. 
The rock was thus changed from a siliceous limestone to a 
siliceous phosphate, but retained very nearly its original 
structure. This constitutes the stony phosphate. It has 
a rough fracture, and, when examined under the micro- 
scope, is seen to consist of a siliceous skeleton with rhom- 
boidal cavities originally occupied by crystals of calcium 
carbonate, now filled with white amorphous phosphate. 
This rock is always toO' low grade to be utilized at present, 
since it rarely carries more than 33 per cent of lime phos- 
phate. 

In some cases the phosphate-bearing solution reached 
the surface, where it was covered with a mass of angular 
cliert fragments derived from the disintegTation of the car- 
boniferous chert beds. The pliosphate was there deposited 
in the interstices, cementing tlie chert fragments together. 
This gave rise to the second variety of breccia phosphate. 
Wliile the phosphate between, the chert fragments is very 
high grade, it is so intimately mixed with the chert that 
great difficulty would doubtless be found in separating 
the two. No attempts have yet been made to utilize this 
variety. 

In some cases the phosphate-bearing solution entered 
limestone caverns and was there deposited. The surroimd- 
ing' walls of these caverns were subsequently more or less 
wholly removed by solution and the phosphate was left in 
the residual clay. In this manner the third variety, the la- 
mellar phospliate, was probably formed. It has thus far 
been found only at a very few points in sufficient quantity 
to be of commercial importance. These are in the vicinity 
of Beardstovni and on Tom's Creek, both in Perry County. 
Small quantities have been found on several of the creeks 
flo\ving westward to the Tennessee River south of Tom's 
Creek, but the conditions are not such as to favor the 
formation of extensive dejX)sits. It will be readily seen 



38 Handbook of Tennessee. 

that these creeks, which have not yet cut down through the 
chert to the underlying' limestone in which the caverns 
might be formed, do not afTord conditions favorable for 
the accumulation of this variety of phosphate. Such con- 
ditions prevail in several of the creeks immediately north 
of Tom's Creek, and hence phosphate need not be looked 
for in this region. The lamellar phosphate, as its name 
implies, is made up of thin plates or lamella of nearly 
pure calcium phosphate. These vary in color from cream 
white to pink, yellow, or green. The successive lamclhe 
are often differently colored, giving the rock a beautiful 
banded appearance. When freed from the greater part of 
the clay in which it is imbedded, this rock will run over 
80 per cent of calcium phosphate. At Wilsdorf's Branch 
of Tom's Creek the deposit has a thickness of from .') to 
6 feet and covers several acres. It is mined in part by 
stripping, and, after the overburden becomes too heavy, 
by tunneling. The rock is prepared for market by being 
dried in open kilns and then being crushed. These depos- 
its are at present worked by one company on Tom's Creek. 
The rock is hauled to the Tennessee River, a distance of 
five uiiles, and loaded on barges. 



WOOD-AYORKING INTERESTS OF TENNESSEE. 

Tennessee was originally covered by as dense a forest as 
any other hardwoc'd section in the Union. The necessi- 
ties of the early settlers and the demand for bread called 
\J for the most rapid destruction of the forests possible with 

the means at hand. These means were ample and sure.. 
The girdling ax, winds, rains, and fire did the work rap- 
idly and effectually. The necessities that compelled the 
earlier settlers to use these destructive means to open 
fields are not so urgent now as to justify their descendants 
in using the same means, which are in practice in some 
sections of the State to-day. For whatever purpose and 



Handbook of Tennessee. 39 

by whatever means the forests of the State may have been 
and are being destroyed, there has been all along, for 
more than a centnry, a wonderful lack of economy prac- 
ticed in the process of destruction. The early settler cut 
a young, vigorous tree to make a maul ; his successors of 
to-day cut the stateliest oak for the sake of a few short cuts 
for staves. A large portion of every tree felled by the 
lumbermen, stave men, and shingle men is not only an ab- 
solute waste, but cumbers the ground and retards other 
growths. 

Xotwithstanding the wasteful methods of the past cen- 
tury, Tennessee is still among the leading States, both in 
quantity and value of forest resources. There are large 
bodies of the finest of hardwood timber still standing, and 
there is not a single ccunty in the State where there is 
any scarcity that is seriously felt; and shipments are con- 
stantly made froin at least three-fourths of the area of 
the State. It must be remembered that during the past 
century of forest destruction there has been a constant 
and steady reproduction of forest growth on l^ature's own 
plan, unaided by man. In the iron ore countieSi, where 
the nature of the soil is not such as to promote rapid tree 
growth, the third crop of timber for charcoal is now be- 
ing cut from lands that were absolutely denuded of tim- 
ber less than ninety years ago. One charcoal iron com- 
pany is getting its cord wood deli^ered at $1.50 per cord 
from the third crop of timber, cut from lands that were 
called " coalings " and were treeless eighty years ago. 
Some lands that Avere abandoned as '' old fields " half a 
century ago are now covered with merchantable timber. 

Another idea must be kept in mind: Nearly all the 
timber in Tennessee is hardwoods, and from twO' to four 
times more valuable than the so-called " soft woods." One 
white ash tree — standing in one of the oldest-settled and 
most densely-populated counties in the State and only 
twelve miles from its capital city — sold during the month 
of August, 1902, for more cash than any ten of the best 



40 Handbook of Texxessee. 

pine trees standing in any of the yellow pine States would 
bring. 

To those not rersed in the nomenclature of the lumber 
trade many of the terms nsed are misleading. " Hard- 
wood " and '' soft wood " are temis that have no relation 
whatever to the texture of the wood itself. The term 
^'hardwood" applies to all trees that have broad leaves, 
whether deciduous or evergreen. The " soft woods " in- 
clude all trees which, instead of leaves, have spines — either 
single, like the cedar and juniper; or in bunches, like the 
pines. All trees that have spines for leaves or bear fruit 
in cones are soft woods. This classification has the sanc- 
tion of the Division of Forestry of the United States De- 
partuient of Agriculture and tlie decisions of several courts. 

" Inexhaustible " and " exhausted " are two tenns used 
in the timber trade, as well as in other trades, wathout re- 
gard to their proper meaning. ISTothing is inexhaustible 
except that which ]n'oduces itself faster than it is con- 
sumed, and nothing except inorganic matter can be entirely 
exhausted. The phosphate rocks of Tennessee may, in 
the course of ages, become exhausted, because they do not 
increase. Twenty years ago the large operators in Ten- 
nessee red cedar agreed that that timber was exhausted; 
now we see larger and taller cedar ])oles for electric wires, 
just as many fence posts, and the market well supplied 
with cedar hollow ware, clothes chests, etc. The term 
''exhausted" will never apply in its literal definition to 
any of the native families of Tennessee trees. 

Prior to 1860 there were no forest ])roiluct.s slii|)])ed 
out of the State, with two exceptions, ^"ast quantities of 
rived white oak staves were shi|)])ed from the lands bor- 
dering on the Mississippi River and its tributaries to the 
ISTew Orleans agents of the French wine growers and the 
German brewers; also millions of feet of red cedar were 
sent from ]\[iddle Tennessee to Bayou Sara, La. This 
cedar was used for railroad cross-ties, a purpose for which 
the wood is less fitted than anv hardwood or anv of the 



Handbook of Te.xxessee. 41 

pines. Bayou Sara was the distributing point, and it 
flowed throng'li a dense brake of cypress, one tie of which 
wood is worth three ties of red cedar. It was the most ab- 
surd mistake known in lumber history, and stripped the 
counties of Wilson, Rutherford, and Davidson of many 
square miles of a timber now among the most valuable on 
the market. 

It was not until several years after the close of the war 
between the States that the grand raid on the hardwoods 
of the State began in earnest. First came H. Herrmann, 
the Singer Sewing Machine Company, and othei's, after 
black walnut. So anxious w^ere they for the timber and 
so fully did they realize that the supply was rapidly being 
exhausted in the States north of the Ohio River that they 
bonght far in advance of immediate needs. They ]iaid 
for standing trees and let them stand for years; they fur- 
nished some mills and hired others; they piled millions of 
feet on sticks in the woods and hired watchmen to guard 
it. Thus it happened that the bulk of walnut in accessi- 
ble localities passed out of the hands of the original owners 
at merely nominal prices. Many of the stumps sold after- 
wards for more than the entire tree brought. 

The next raid was for yellow poplar, and it is still quite 
active. The people of the State had a much better idea 
of the value of poplar than thev had of walnut. The lat- 
ter was looked upon as useful for furniture only, whereas 
poplar is an "' all-around " wood, good for any pui-]>ose. 
A house, from mudsill to roof, together with all the finish 
and furniture that goes in it, can be made of poplar. The 
growing scarcity of walnut and its high price have gTeatly 
lessened the demand for it, and other woods have been 
substituted for it; but there is no satisfactory substitute 
for poplar for all purposes, and probably the demand for 
it and its price will hold up as long as there is any of it. 
There yet remains a large amount of poplar in the State, 
but much of it is remote from transportation points. 

AVhen the rush was greatest for the leading woods' — 



42 Handbook of Tennessee. 

-walnut, poplar, oak, and ash — many other native woods 
that are now prominently on the market were neglected. 
During the last fifteen years red gum, cypress, chestnut, 
elm, dogwood, persimmon, and some others are to be 
found in most large lumber yards; in fact, the State can 
still furnish almost any kind of wood that gTows in the 
United States east of the Rocky Mountains. Some trees 
peculiar to a northern climate are found in this State. 
There is quite a body of white pine in Cumberland County, 
and there are smaller bunches in several other localities. 
One sawmill in Johnson County makes a specialty of cut- 
ting spruce and hemlock. Any one desirous of engaging in 
the liardwood wood-working industiy need have no fears 
of lack of suitable woods for any purpose. The leading 
woods are pretty well distributed all over the State, but 
the characteristic qualities of every species of trees are 
considerably modified by quality of soil, elevation, and 
age. The white oaks on the elevated lands are of much 
slower growth than those that grow on the alluvial bot- 
tom lands, and consequently are closer gi'ained and 
tougher, therefore better adapted for wagon and imple- 
ment stock and other purposes. 1'he la.rge, coarser-grained 
O'lks are better suited for cooperage stock and such like, 
and are more easily worked. The same is true of the hick- 
ories and several other \voods. 

There are ninety-six counties in the State, and there 
were in operatio]i for more or less time, up to June 30, 
1902, 561 sawmills, with a daily capacity of from 5,000 
feet up to over ] 00,000 feet. This is nearly one-half 
do/en to each .'ounty. The number of small sawmills 
that do only a local business is not known, because they do 
not appear on the books of the regular wholesale lumber 
dealers, and are not included in the list given below. 
Only four counties — Jackson, Clay, Hancock, and Cocke 
— report no sawmill. The reason is that these counties 
have good rafting streams to the hirge markets, where the 
loo-s will brinar more monev than the merchantable lumber 



Handbook of Tennessee. 43 

, in them would bring if cnt at home. As a rnle, the coun- 
try mills use circular saws that cut a wide kerf; and prac- 
tically all the shipping and mill culls, slabs, and other 
offal are worse than a dead loss and in the way. In 
the cities and lar-ge markets band saws, which cut a very 
narrow kerf, are used, and all the offal is utilized. This is 
why the city mill man can afford to pay such liigh prices 
for logs. 

There are only 148 planing mills in the State. Some of 
these — probably thirty — are operated solely by the coffin 
and box factories; the rest, in connection ^^dth sawmills 
and furniture factories. It can readily be seen that not 
m.or6 than 10 per cent of the output of the sawmills is 
worked to a finish. Nearly all the rest is shipped to dis- 
tant points in the rough. 

On the three following pages is given a list of the saw- 
mills and planing mills in the State by counties and grand 
divisions. This list is printed here in order to give those 
interested an idea of the location of the greatest amount 
of standing timber in reach of transportation, as, presum- 
ably, the counties having the greatest number of sawmills 
have also the largest amount of available timber. This 
will not hold true as regards many of the mountain coun- 
ties in which are vast amounts of fine timber inaccessible 
as yet for lack of roads. 



44 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



SAWMILLS AND PLANING iMILLS, BY COUNTIES, IN TENNESSEE. 
EAST TENNESSEE. 



COUNTIKS. 



Planing Mills. 



Anderson 

Bledsoe 

Blount 

Bradley 

Campbell 

Carter 

Claiborne 

Cocke 

Grainger 

Greene 

Hamblen 

Hamilton 

Hancock 

Hawkins 

James 

Jefferson 

Johiibon 

Knox 

Loudon 

McMinn 

Marion 

Meigs • 

Monroe 

Morgan 

Polk 

Rhea 

Roane 

Scott. .. 

Sequatchie 

Sevier 

Sullivan 

Unicoi 

Union 

Van Buren 

Washington 

Total for East Tennessee 



1 




1 


1 


4 


4 


10 


2 


9 


3 


1 




i 


1 


3 


2 


2 




V 


6 


2 

1 




3 


3 


3 


1 


7 


6 


8 


1 


5 


2 


4 


2 


1 


1 


15 


8 


1 




5 


3 


8 


2 


9 


1 


8 


2 


•> 




5 


5 


4 


1 


1 




3 


1 



141 



^2 



HA^^DBOoK OF Tennessee. 

MIDDLE TENNESSEE. 



45 



COUNTIES. 



Sawmills. 



Planing Mills. 



Bedford 

Cannon 

Cheatham 

Clav 

Coffee 

Cumberland 

Davidson 

DeKalb 

Dickson 

Fentress 

Franklin 

Giles 

Grundy 

Hickman 

Houston 

Humphreys 

Jackson 

Lawrence 

Lewis 

Lincoln ; . . . . 

Macon 

Marshall 

Maury 

Montgomery 

Moore 

Perry 

Overton 

Pickett. 

Putnam 

Robertson 

Rutherford 

Smith . 

Stewart 

Sumner ". 

Trousdale 

Warren 

Wavne 

White 

Williamson 

Wilson 

Total for Middle Tennessee 



6 

6 

8 

1 

11 

2 

5 

(5 
14 

7 
3 
8 
4 

8 

23 



5 
4 
3 
3 

11 
4 
2 

12 
5 



2 
4 

222 



15 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 



2 

58 



46 



Handbook of Tennessee. 

WEST TENNESSEE. 



COUNTIES. 



Sawmills. 



Benton 

Carroll 

Chester 

Crockett 

Decatur 

Dyer 

Fayette 

Gibson 

Hardeman 

Hardin 

Haywood 

Henderson 

Henry 

Lake 

Lauderdale 

McNairv 

Madison 

Obion ■ 

Shelby 

Tipton 

Weakley 

Total for West Tennessee 



198 



Planing Mills. 



5 


1 


3 




8 


3 


3 




22 


2 


u 


3 


11 


1 


3 




22 




10 




3 


2 


9 


1 


7 


1 


4 




7 


2 


14 


4 


17 


4 


15 


3 


14 


1 



28 



SUMMARY. 



STATE DIVISIONS. 


Sawniill.s. 


Planing Mills. 


Total for East Tennessee 


141 
222 

198 

561 


62 


Total for Middle Tenne.ssee 


58 
28 


Total for the State 


148 







Handbook of Tennessee. 47 

The table below gives the actual number of wood-work- 
ing plants in operation in the State. The classification^ 
however, is not completely accurate. For instance, some 
under the item " Cooperage and cooperage stock " make 
onlv staves ; others make nothing except heading. Com- 
plete wagons, buggies, wheelbarrows, etc., are put un- 
der the same heading as the plants that manufacture only 
spokes, felloes, etc. This is done for the purpose of con- 
densing this article. The classification is sufficient for all 
practical purposes. The table is as follows: 

WOOD-WORKING PLANTS IN TENNESSEE, 

Cooperage and cooperage stock 47 

Hardwood doors, sash, frames, etc 45 

Furniture and furniture stock 35 

Boxes and crates 22 

Implements 10 

Wagons and vehicle stock 32 

Handles 13 

Shingles ... 6 

Cedar goods and wooden-ware S 

Burial cases and coffins 8 

Chairs and chair stock i> 

Veneers 2 

Oars 1 

Faucets ■ 1 

Telegraph and telephone poles, pins, brackets, etc 3 

M eat skewers 1 

Pumps 2 

Only 245 plants in the State that work wood to a com- 
plete or partial finish! This is truly a sorry showing for 
a State possessing such vast timber resources; but it also- 
shows most conclusively what a splendid inducement the- 
conditions offer for the profitable investment of capital in 
additional and larger plants. It will surprise one not fa- 
miliar with the subject to be told that more timber is con- 
sumed in the manufacture of packing cases, boxes, crates, 
coffins, cooperage, and burial cases than enters into the 
construction of houses, but such is a fact; and there are 
only 22 box factories in the State, and there are only 8- 



48 Handbook of Tennessee. 

factories to maniifaetiire coffins for the annual dead of a 
population of over 2,000,000 ! In all otn^x lines our 
productive capacity is still farther l>elo\v the normal de- 
mand. 

To those not familiar with the conditions in this State 
a few g-eneral remarks may lie of value and interest. The 
matter of transportation is a controlling factor in the man- 
ufacture and marketing' of all manner of w^ood goods. In 
this respect the State is well provided. Besides tAVO' splen- 
did navigable rivers that traverse the State for almost its 
entire length, there are a great number ofl splendid log- 
ging streams; and the laws relating to flotation of log 
and lumber rafts are quite favorable to lumbermen. 
There are more than 40 railroads traversing or touching 
the State that w^ere built under as many different char- 
ters, but by process of consolidation and '^ merging " they 
are all operated u'lder 30 names. This "merging" proc- 
ess, however, does not reduce their mileage or affect their 
freight schedules. The average rainfall is ample to insure 
several tides in all the navigable and logging streams every 
year. 

Timber in this State is real estate as long as it is stand- 
ing, but it becomes personal 'property as soon as it is cut 
down. The assessment of timber lands for taxation is 
very low, and in the mountain sections it is merely noininal ; 
and in many cases no attempt is made to collect any tax 
at all. Under the State Constitution no tax can be levied 
upon any article manufactured in the State from the prod- 
ucts of the soil of the State. Taxes on the lumber indus- 
tries are inconsequential. 

Prices of stau'ling timber vary, of course, with kind, 
quality, and location; and any attempt tO' give them would 
lead to more confusion than ]U'<)tit. It is bought in niaiiy 
ways ; 

1. Land and timber on it arc bought by the aero, or by 
a luui]) sum for an entire tract. lu some sections the 
purchase of land with the timber has jiroven highly ju'ofit- 



Handbook of Tennessee. 49 

able, as the land after the timber has been cut O'ff is ac- 
tually worth, and sells for, more iov farming purposes than 
it cost with the timber on it. This applies to the fertile, 
alluvial lands, and is an important feature, because it does 
not apply to the barren, sandy soils of the white pine re- 
gion of the jSTorthwest, some sections of the pine belt of 
the South, and the mountain spruce and hemlock lands 
of Pennsylvania and other of the Northeastern States, 
which are worthless after the timber is removed. 

2. The entire timber on a given tract is bought, with a 
definite time limit for its removal. 

3. Sometimes only a certain species of trees on a tract — 
say hickory, for instance — is wanted. In such case the 
contract generally specifies all the trees of the kind wanted 
on the tract, from a given diameter up. 

4. Very often tind)er is bought to be cut and delivered 
at so much per 1,000 feet by a given measure. 

5. Sometimes the owner of a portable sawmill, having 
but limited capital, contracts with a timber owner to cut 
it into lumber for so much per 1,000 feet. 

There are in this State two distinct rules for the meas- 
urement of logs, both of which are recognized by custom 
and the courts. One is for the measurement of logs in 
water, in rafts, wliere but few of the defects can be seen. 
It is known as the " Cnmberland River Rule," and was first 
used in this State in the early fifties. At that time only 
7-gauge and 8-gauge circular saws were used, and the rule 
allowed for a quarter of an inch saw kerf and a liberal al- 
lowance for slabbing. The rule is: " From the diameter 
of the log subtract one-third for squaring (slabbing). 
From the square ihus obtained subtract one-fifth one way 
for saw kerf." The result is the contents of the log in 
inch boards. Large logs, if free of defects, cut under this 
rule by a 16-gauge band saw, will produce 40 per cent 
more of inch boards than the rule calls for. But river logs 
are rarely free from defects; and a big allowance must 
be made for " plugging," " edging up," " loading with 



50 Handbook of Tennessee. 

sand/" and other rascally tricks familiar to every log rafts- 
man. 

The olher rule is used exclusively for measuring logs on 
land when all the defects can be seen, and is known as 
the " Dojle Knle.'' It is given fullv in " Scribner's Log 
Book," an old and standard work. It superseded the 
" Scribner Rule " about 20 yeai's ago. Doyle arrived at 
the contents of a log by this process: " From the diameter 
in inches subtract four. Square one-fourth of the re- 
mainder and multiply^ the product by the length in feet." 
In practice the rule is simplified thus: " From the diame- 
ter in inches subtract four and square the remainder." 
This gives the contents of a 16-foot log. Then in- 
crease or diminish for other lengths, thus: For a 20- 
foot log, add one-fourth; for a 14-foot log, subtract 
one-eighth; and so on. In actual practice no figuring is 
done, but a stick, containing the contents of all diameters 
and lengths for either rule, is used. 



THE CLAY DEPOSITS OF TE^XESSEE. 
By Lucius Polk Brown. 

As a preliminary to the detailed consideration of tli& 
clay deposits of Tennessee, a short eixplanation of general 
considerations as to clays is appropriate. 

The ultimate source of all clays is the " weathering " 
of the feldspars of the igneous rocks. These consist of 
several varieties, agreeing in that they all may be consid- 
ered as silicate of aluminium in combination in varying 
amounts with silicates of potash, lime, and soda. Much 
the most important of these from the present standpoint 
is orthoclase, or potash feldspar, the chemical formula of 
which is KAL SI3 Os- On " weathering," this splits up 
into a potash compound, which is soluble, and is carried 
off in the drainage and the hydrated silicate of alumina^ 



Handbook of Tennessee. 51 

known as '' kaolin " — or, commonly, " porcelain clay " — 
which is not dissolved. This contains 46.30 per cent of 
silica, 39. SO per cent of akimina, 13.90 per cent of water. 
It is white in color, plastic when moistened, shrinks con- 
siderably on drying, and, when heated highly, consolidates 
into a hard, dense mass, requiring a very high temperature 
to fuse it. The various clays of commerce are mixtures 
of kaolin with extraneous matters of different classes in 
varying proportions. 

Clays with regard to present location may be of two 
<?lasses — i. e., original or transported. The former results 
from the decay, under atmospheric or (often) fumarolic 
action, of feldspar in place and subsequent removal of the 
alkalis; the latter results from transportation of the de- 
cayed material of the feldspathie rocks and redeposition at 
a locality more or less remote from its source. In iliis 
the sorting action of water plavs an important part., and a 
pulverulent material, like clay, may remain in suspension 
long after such comparatively coarse matter as sand, mica 
flakes, etc., has been dep>sited. The contact of fresh wa- 
ter and salt water also has probably acted in a very im- 
portant manner to effect the precipitation of suspended 
■clay matters. Clays are divided according to their de-- 
grees of purity and intended uses into kaolin, pipe clay, 
potters' clay (including ball clays), fire clay, brick clays, 
or loam, etc. While this classification is empirical, it 
is based chiefly on physical properties, which are deter- 
mined by tests. The different foreign materials act about 
as follows : Sand, the most abundant, usually has no pos- 
itively bad effects, and may even be beneficial in pre^vent- 
ing shrinkage in drying ; but in fire clays, a clay contain- 
ing any large proportion of sand is less apt to stand up 
than one approaching nearer to kaolin in its composition. 
For all uses except paving brick (in which a glassy surface 
is desirable) the other impurities of clays — which are usu- 
ally iron oxides, lime carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and 
the alkalis, potash and soda — are positive disadvantag-es, 



52 Handbook ok Tennessee. 

caiisiiio- tlio wave to melt (lown in buniiiiii' and to take dis- 
agreeable colors, etc. 

Besides clays, the other insiTedients used in the inanu- 
t'acture of pottery are feldspar, silica (as a pure sand ot 
flint), and various coloring- materials. Their distribution 
in the State will be briefly noticed later. Mention must 
also be made oi the fact that the various slates and shales 
are simjily clay beds consolidated by time and pressure. 
They may r)bviously range in purity just as clays them- 
selves do, and are now becoming' an important source of 
material tor paving bricks. They are, of course, nour 
plastic, and must be ground up very fine for use. Clays 
themselves possess varying degrees (^f plasticity, and s(>n\e 
im]>ortaut varieties are nonplastic. Obviously also tlie 
" weatliering " of a slate or shale may furnisli material for 
other slates, shales, or clays under the above-mentioned ac- 
tion of Avater-; and so our present clay beds may have been, 
several times Avorked over since their material was first 
parted from its parent rock. 

EAST TE X .\ ESSEE. 

The clays of each grand division of the State will be con- 
sidered separately. In Tennessee, so far as I know, no 
nontransported clay materials exist; but if any such occur, 
tliev will be found along tlie eastern boundary, in the area 
of the metamorphic and igneous rocks. A number of good 
dejiosits <if potters' clay and one or two of the better-coT 
ored pipe clay occur in Upper East Tennessee as trans- 
ported maierial deposited in old or existing river bottoms. 
iSTot far from Cleveland, in Bradley ( 'Ounty, a bed of white 
clay occurs in association -with infusorial earth; and it has 
l)een used for making white or cream brick, for which it 
seems well adapted. In the valley of the Tennessee River 
rtc-cur several small deposits of potters' clay of fair qual- 
ity, some of -which are, I believe, -worked for the manuf ac- 
rure of sewer pipe at Chattanooga, where large factories 
are in (>])eration. The clays of the coal measures of the 



Handbook of Tennessee. 53 

Cumberland Plateau are usually of considerable impor- 
tance, and are probably deserving of more attention than 
they have had. They usually rank as fire clays, are pretty 
abundant, and, of course, will be easily worked, omng to 
tlieir proximity to the coal seams. In some instances coal 
miners are manufacturing fire brick, etc. ; and with the 
present considerable attention to, and denumd for, clay 
wares in the South, other miners would probably find it to 
their interest to at least consider the matter fully. 

MIDDLE TENNESSEE. 

The same coal-measure clays as just mentioned occur to 
a small extent in the eastern counties of this division. ; l)ut, 
for the most part, the clays of the division are impure 
river-bottom deposits or residual deposits left by the decay 
of argillaceous limestones in situ. At l^ashville are found 
several excellent beds of a " fat," red loam ; and several 
quite extensi^'e brickyards making ordinary red pressed 
brick and terra cotta, all of a ])leasing red color, have been 
established on them. The red clays of the division gener- 
ally are excellently adapted tO' such manufactures, and 
the products are usually tough and without a tendency 
to efflorescence. As to the residual clays, an historic- 
ically interesting fact is that, in connection with a small, 
onenwheel ]iottery maintained in Hickman County sev- 
eral years ago l^y the descendants of old English potters, 
on a bed of clay left by tlie '' weathering " of an argilla- 
ceous limestone of ]S[iagara age, the first mine of manga- 
nese ore in the T'nited States was opened. This was in 
the small ]X)ckets of pyrolusite found extensively in the 
lower carboniferous of the Highland Rim, and the ore was 
used for glazing. The clay made a close, firm ware of a 
red color. , 

WEST TENNESSEE. 

This is much the richest in clays of any of the gTand 
divisions of the State. Thev ranee from brick clavs, or 



54 Hats'dbook of Tennessee. 

loams, up to fine " ball clays " in variety, and occur in the 
Tertiary and Cretaceous areas, possibly most largely in the 
latter. Tlie vicinity of Paris, in Henry County, and 
Camden, in Benton County, are quite rich in these cla.ys, 
the first especially having; been well exploited. In color 
these Henry County clays vary greatly, from cream and 
nearly ]>ure white to a dark brown or black. Some of the 
last are ]>ai-ticularly "fat," or plastic; but the color does 
not seem to bum out, and they are, therefore, adapted 
only to soaue special uses. A " ball clay " is a quite plastic 
clay used in mixture with less plastic clays. Only within 
the past few years has much attention been ])aid to West 
Tennessee clays ; but it is my opinion that larg-e bodies of 
excellent '' ball clays,"' besides those already worked, 
abound there. • Seeing' that these clays sell for two or three 
times as much as ordinary potters' clay, this fact is of im- 
p;>riarjce. The clays of West Tennessee occur practically 
all over the division, from the tier of counties bordering 
the Tennessee River, in beds of somewhat irregailar thit:'k- 
ness and extent, but often of enormous size and without 
very considerable overburden. Mention is tO' be made 
parti^'ularly of the large deiposits at Grand Jimction, La- 
Grange, etc. The West Tennessee clays will usually class 
as excellent potters' clay, or stoneware clay. Many local 
potteries of some size already exist — as at Paris, Grand 
Junction, Pinson, McKenzie, etc. — and their product is 
a hard, dense stoneware, usually glazed with "Albany 
slip," or salt-glazed. Excellent fire bricks have also been 
manufactured from certain of these clays. No rocks, of 
course, exist in the beds to interfere with their working; 
but occasionally small lenses and stringers of sand are met 
with, and some nodules of ironstone and pyrite. These 
latter may disappear witli depth, as they seem at present 
to be mostly on the upper surfaee. There is usually lit- 
tle lime, magnesia, or alkalis. Most of the clays require 
some washing for use in the finer kinds of ware, such as 
"hotel china" " C. C," etc. 



Hajn'dbook of Tennessee. 55 

The prospects of building up local pottery industries 
would seem fairly good, provided care is taken to locate 
where a local market can be had and help can live com- 
fortably. The coals of Western Kentucky, East Tennes- 
see, and Southern Illinois are comparatively close, and i.lie 
great development of railways in West Tennessee makes 
almost any of its larger towns an. excellent distributing 
point Well-conducted potteries on the same belt outside, 
the State have been successfid. To the fanner his clay beds 
may be of value, but in order to derive the best results he 
should ascertain their extent and quality. The former is 
easily done by simple means — such as pitting, or boring 
with an earth auger — and the latter cani be ascertained by 
having his clay tested and analyzed, the expense of neither 
of which is gTeat. 

OTHER POTTERY MATERIALS IN THE STATE. 

It seems probable that no feldspar, which is used pretty 
extensively as a flux, exists in the State. Considerable 
beds of sand, fu.rnishini!: the quartz needed in pottery mak- 
ing, exist; and probably some of them are sufficiently 
pure both for pottery and glass. I^car Saulsbury consid- 
erable beds of a colored sand are worked a little and 
shipped to Memphis for making coloured mortars. The 
Chilhowee standstone of the Eastem Division is often, very 
pure and white; and it, or beds derived from it, might also 
be used for these purposes. 



COPPER. 

Copper is found in the counties of Polk and Monroe, 
but the only mines in operation in the State are those 
at Ducktown, Polk County. The Ducktown Mineral 
District embraces Polk County, Tenn. ; Fannin County, 
Ga.; and Cherokee Countv, K. C; though the develojy- 



56 Handbook oi-' Tennessee. 

meiil^ are coiifirifd to Tennessee. Tlie Duektown Sul- 
phur, Copper and Iron Company is operating three mines, 
and the Tennessee Copper Company is operating the same 
numher, making a total of six mines in the State. The 
])rodiiction for 1898 was 89,721 long tons, for 1899 it was 
100,029 tons, and for 1900 it was 116,000 long tons, show- 
ing an increase in the output of 26,297 tons in 1899 over 
1898 and an increase of 15,978 tons in 1900 over 1899. 
The production for ^ 1901 was 203,580 long tons, show- 
ing an increase for 1901 over 1900 of 87,580 long tons. 
The production for 1901 in short tons w^as 263,571. 
Both of these conipanies are doing a profitable business; 
and considering rhe extent of the Ducktown Mineral Dis- 
trict and its richness, we may reasonably expect the in- 
vestment of more capital in this field and larger and richer 
developments in the future. 



MARBLE. 

The Tennessee marbles are known the world over for 
their varied beauty, burden-bearing strength, and durabil- 
ity. Actual tests have shown them to be the most com- 
pact stones of the kind in existence. They range in color 
from very dark-mottled chocolate to pure white, and they 
are susceptible of the highest polish. Their solidity com- 
mends them for exterior finishings, and their beauty cre- 
ates a demand for them for interior decorations. Tennes- 
see marbles do not absorb stains from soot or sulphur 
fumes or tannin from overhanging trees; and if stained 
in any way, they are easily cleansed with plain soap and 
water. For monuments or for building stones the Ten- 
nessee marbles stand unrivaled. 

The National Capitol at Washington, tlie State Ca])itol 
at Nashville, and numerous other public buildings attest 
their su|)eriority. The marble belt is about 150 miles in 
lenatli and averao'cs about 20 miles in width. Over this 



Handbook of Tennessee. 57 

immense territory great deposits of fine marble are found. 
Knoxville has four large mills working in marble, and all 
running to their fullest capacity. In Hawkins County 
there is one mill in operation. Knoxville is the center of 
the marble industry. This, district extends from a point 
in McMinn County below Athens to Hawkins County, 
near the eastern border of the State. It is traversed by 
the Southern Railway; the Knoxville and Ohio Railway; 
the Atlanta, Knoxville and ISTorthern Railroad; the Mor- 
ristown and Cumberland Gap Railroad; and the Knox- 
ville, Cumberland Gap and Louisville Railroads; and is in- 
tersected in many places by the Tennessee River. The 
railroads and the river furnish very cheap transportation 
to market, and the field is one which affords splendid op- 
portunities for the profitable investment of capital. 
Marble is also found in the counties of Lincoln, Benton, 
and Henry, but there has not been any development in 
these counties. 



LEAD. 

Lead ore is found in various localities in Tennessee, but 
there are not any lead mines now in operation in the State. 
The Confederate States Governmtnt mined considerable 
lead at or near Philadelphia, London County, during the 
Civil War; but the Federal forces seized the mine and 
suspended the operations, since which time it has remained 
idle. On Flat Creek, in tlie same county, lead was mined 
and smelted fifty years ago; but the field was abandoned 
long ago for unknown reasons. Lead was also mined at 
Leadvale, Jefferson County, forty yeai-s ago, but that is 
now an abandoned field. There is a body of undeveloped 
lead ore near Carpenter's Station, Blount County, con- 
trolled by Knoxville parties. A mine at Cleveland was 
profitably work(>d to a depth of about 100 feet and then 
abandoned, but work has since been resumed, with ample 



58 Handbook of Tennessee. 

capital, and the developments point to very profitable re- 
sults. The work in this branch of mining- has heretofore 
been done in an unsatisfactory and irregnilar fashion -by 
persons of small means and limited experience, but it is 
the helief of those best informed on, the subject tliat there 
will be lai'ge profits in tlie lousiness for men of capital and 
ex]>erience. 



EARYTES. 



This mineral is being mined and shipped from Sweet- 
water and Philadelphia and from the Matlock Mines, on the 
Tennessee River below Loudon. The product occurs in 
bodies or beds of clay at numerous points in the valley of 
the I'ennessee River ii; East Tennessee, but the largest 
known deposits are in Sevier County, thirty miles above 
Knoxville; in Coeke and Greene Counties, near Madison- 
ville and SweetAvater, Monroe County; and near Phila- 
delphia, Loudon County. A mill for grinding the ores 
has been erected at Knoxville. The deposits in Cocke and 
Greene Counties are said to be practically inexhaustible, 
and the ores are of excellent quality. Near Myer's Station, 
on the Southern Railway, there are six parallel veins, 
crossed ])y sharj3 ridges, so tliat the ore may be crosscut 
by tunneling and stoped at low cost, without the necessity 
of hoisting or pumping for years to come. 



ZINC. 



The zinc-mining industry is in its infancy in this State. 
Splendid opportuiiities exist for profitable investments in 
this business at sc'veral points in East Tennessee. Tbe 
Knoxville zinc belt passes through Monroe , County. It 
has been opened at Eve Mills, and shows an extensive body 
of ore-bearing dolomite. The ore body is some 400 feet 
across, and extends for miles across the countrv. Ne^ir 



Handbook of Tennessee. 59 

Carpenter's Station, Blount County, on the line of the 
Atlanta, Ivnoxville and Northern Railroad, both zinc and 
lead are found. Assays shoAv 81 per cent of lead. At 
Love's Creek there is a larg'e body of ore-bearing dolomite, 
where a shaft has been sunk, and good ore is found. 
Mines are being worked at McMillan's Station and at 
Mascot, on the Southern Railway, with satisfactory results. 
Some work has been done at Mossy Creek, Leadvale, and 
other points in this field; but the developments are slight. 
The Clinton zinc belt contains extensive ore deposits, but 
they are not bein,'^' worked to any considerable extent, be- 
cause the transportation facilities are not satisfactory. 
Tests with the diamond drill have demonstrated that this 
is a very rich field, which only needs capital for its devel- 
opment into a rield of immense productiveness. These 
two belts continue through the entire eastern portion of 
the State, and the field is one well worth the consideration 
and investigation of capitalists. 



MANGANESE. 

Deposits of this ore occur at various points throughout 
East Tennessee. It is found in pockets of clay along the 
lines of the Southern Railway; the Atlanta, Knoxville and 
Northern Railroad; and the Virginia and Southern Rail- 
road. Several years ago several car loads of it were mined 
and shipped from Sweetwater, and it averaged 60 per cent 
metallic manganese. The clay in this section is ore bearing, 
and would pay a good dividend if properly treated. The 
same quality of ore is found at Hodge's Switch, on the 
Southern Railway ; and at points near Madisonville, Friend- 
ship, and Louisville, along the Atlanta, Knoxville and 
Northern Railroad. Considerable quantities of ore are 
found at jMontvale Springs, and ihe deposits have been 
partially opened. Good ore is found near Newport, on the 
lands of the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company. 



60 IIaxdbook of Texxessee. 

There are large and valuable deposits of this ore in Carter, 
Jefferson, and Unicoi Comities, which should engage the 
attention of capitalists. 



SLATE. 



Slate of the best quality is found at several points in 
East Tennessee. Near Tellico Plains, the terminus of the 
Tellico Railway, both purple slate and black slate of firet- 
class quality for roofing have been found; and on the Ten- 
nessee liiA^er, some eighteen miles from McCihee's Station, 
large quarries have been opened, showing inexhaustible 
quantities of slate of the best quality; but the work at the 
(luarr)' has ceased, because the lack of proper transpor- 
tation facilities rendered the business unprofitable. The 
same belt crops out in Sevier County, but it is too far from 
means of transportation to be made available. The slate 
quaiTies of East Tennessee will engage the attention of 
capitalists as the means of transportation improve. 



STONE. 

'llie different varieties of sandstone in the State are des- 
ignated as " brown," " gray/' " iron," and '' Pottsdam " 
(or " Chilhowee "). The iron variety is a lime of coarse 
crystallization carrying considerable iron. This stone 
neither cracks nor disintegrates under exposure to the 
weather. It is largely used by railway companies in the 
constiiiction of culverts and abutments and for bridge 
piers. Pottsdam (or Chilhowee) sandstone is composed of 
a clear, white, coarsely-ciwstallized sand, and is an excel- 
lent building stone. Gray sandstone is also a fine building 
stone, and is found in quantities that promise an ample 
supply for an indefinite period of time. There are large 
bcKlies of the brown sandstone on the Clinch River, near 



Handbook of Tennessee. 61 

Clinton, and it was lai'gely used in the construction of the 
courthouse at Clinton. All these building stones, in ad- 
dition to the supply of marble, will furnish ample building 
material of the finest quality for ages to come. There are 
still splendid opportunities for investments in the operation 
of stone and marble quarries in this State. 



PETROLEUM. 

Great interest has been awakened recently in the Ten- 
nessee oil field, and prospecting is going forward at various 
points in the recognized oil belt. So far the only paying- 
wells in the State are located at and around Bob's Bar, in / 
Fentress County. These wells are connected with the- 
Wa^^Tie County (Ky.) oil fields by pipe line. This oil belt 
extends through Kentucky across Tennessee on a direct 
line with tlie Beaumont (Texas) field, the belt lying along 
a line north, 45 degrees east, and underlying in parti the 
counties of Clay, Jackson, Pickett, Fentress, Oveirton, 
Putnam, Smith, DeKalb, Wilson, Rutherford, Cannon, 
Bedford, Lincoln, Marshall, and Giles. The develop- 
ments on the eastern end of this belt in Kentucky, just 
across the Tennessee line, warrant the belief that oil will 
be found in paying quantities at other points in the Ten- 
nessee field. 



THE BEEF-CATTLE IIsTDUSTRY. 

By Andrew M. Soule. 
introduction. 
The present status of the beef-cattle industry in the 
State is far from satisfactory. As a business, it has re- 
ceived luit little attention in the past, owing to the belief 
that other forms of farming were more profitable and to 
the lack of easy shipping facilities and the failure to ]>ur- 



62 Hai??dbook of Tennessee. 

sue a systematic rotation of crops, which is necessary in 
order to pro\dde suitable "roughness" and concentrates for 
the winter feeding of beef cattle. 



BEEF CATTLE IN THE STATE. 

Unfortunately, no tigures are available to show the pres- 
ent condition of the industry ; but it is manifest to all 
thoughtful persons that it is growing rapidly in public 
favor. With the assistance of some figures drawn from 
the census report of 1900, it will be possible to give a 
fair idea of the number, age, and character of beef cattle 
held in the State; and with this information in hand, 
some very important and useful deductions can be drawn 
for the future guidance of our people. The census report 
s'lows that on June 1, 1900, there were held on the farms 
of the State 230,000 calves under one year of age, 110,000 
steers over one year and under two years, 68,301 steers 
two and under three years, and 20,127 steers three years 
and over. There were also 94,224 heifers one year and 
under two years old and 49,560 neat cattle two years and 
over classed as other than dairy cows. Doubtless a num- 
ber of the 94,224 heifers should be classed as dairy ani- 
mals, but on that point the census makes no distinction. 
These figures apply only to cattle held on farms and 
ranges, and not on all inclosures in the State. If all the 
inclnsures were considered, the number in each class would 
be considerably increased. According to these figures, 
the annual calf crop is 236,000. As the total nimiber of 
aniuials classed as one-year-olds, two-year-olds, and threes 
3'ear-olds aggregates only 198,796, it seems that 37,204 
of these calves must either be classed as dairy animals, 
slaughtered or disposed of in some other way, or else the 
number of beef cattle in the State would have increased 
more rapidly during the last decade. 



HANDiiooK OF Tennessee. 63 

DEMAND FOR " STOCKERS." 

While our common cattle are frequently deficient in 
quality and often do not mature and fatten so rapidly as 
animals of a higher grade, their value is fully appreciated, 
or else they would not be in such great deuiand. That 
they are in keen demand is shown by the fact tliat of the 
198,796 l^eef cattle which must have been disposed of in 
1900, or else the total number held in the State would 
have increased in the past decade, only 20,127 were classed 
as three-year-olds and 68,301 as two-year-olds, leaving 
110,368 that were either fed and slaughtered in the State 
or shipped out as " stockers." These figures are very sur- 
prising; for without native cattle, one would naturally 
expect many more of them to be two-year-olds and tliree^- 
year-olds before they were ready for sale, even off the grass 
in lean condition for winter feeding. This is the best 
evidence of the demand for them and of the appreciation 
in which they are held in other sections of the country. 

IMPORTANCE OF CATTLE INTERESTS. 

Leaving out of consideration the calf crop, the other 
three classes of cattle, according to the figures quoted 
above, would be worth $3,137,744.36. The animals sold 
in the State had an aggregate value of $11,121,141 ; the 
aniuuils slauglitered, a value of $8,350,046 — making a to- 
tal of $19,471,087, constituting 18.3 per cent of the value 
of all fanu products. The number of farms that report 
animals slaughtered having an average farm value of 
$45.75 is 182,375, or 81.2 per cent. The animals re- 
p<irted slaughtered by 122,341 fanus constitute 54.5 per 
cent of the total number, the average amount received per 
farm being $90.91. The animals slaughtered on the 
farms would, as a rule, be hogs ; so that a large per cent 
of the beef cattle disposed of would of necessity go outside 
the State. The farmers' interest in beef cattle is showTi 
by the fact that of the 224,623 farms in the State, 185,311 



64 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



report live-stock interests. This leaves 39,312 farms 
wliere no apparent interest is taken in stock hnsbandry. 
The nuinl)er not interested in live stock is snrprisingly 
large, representing as it does about onehfifth of all the 
farms in the State. 



COMPARATIVE VAEUE OF BEEF CATTLE IN SEVERAL STATES. 

The value of all the cattle held in the State is ]>laeed at 
$16.88 per head; of calves, at $6.81 per head; of " long " 
yearlings, at $12.98 per head ; of two-year-olds and over, 
at $18.10 per head; and of steers, at $24.38 per head. 
Let ns see how these prices compare with those in a num- 
ber of other States where the agricultural industries are 
both specialized and varied: 



STATE. 


Calves. 


Yearling.s. 


Two-year- 
olds. 


Over Two 
Years. 


Tennessee 

Kentucky 

Virs^inia 


$6 81 
9 90 
7 86 
3 85 
3 87 
7 20 


|12 98 

20 00 

16 83 

8 30 

6 84 

16 01 


|]8 10 
30 90 
27 00 
12 41 
9 76 
29 62 


|24 38 
43 17 
36 61 


North Carolina 


18 64 


Alabama ... 


20 56 


Pennsvlvania 


43 51 







The table shows that while the value of all classes of ani- 
mals ill Virginia and Kentucky is somewhat liigher t!ian 
in Tennessee, the gTeatest diiference is observed between 
the twoi-vear-olds and the threery ear-olds. As already in- 
dicated, most of the animals sent from Tennessee leave 
the State as yearlings. They are winter fed in, Kentucky 
and ^'irginia, a fact which explains their higher value, 
and should convince our fanners of the importance of kee^p^ 
ing them at home and feeding them here, as we possess 
advantages not enjoyed by the feeders of these other States. 
So the difference in the average value of the live stock in 
Tennessee and these other States would not be very great, 
provided the animals received the same treatment. >Vny 
remaining difference due to better quality possessed by 
the average animal in Kentucky and Virginia can be easily 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



65 



overcome through the general use of pure-bred sires on our 
common cows. Notice that North Carolina and Alabama, 
States which produce a large amount of cotton, are a long 
waj behind Tennessee in the quality of their stock, a calf, 
yearling, and two-year-old being worth only half as much 
as in Tennessee. In Pennsylvania, a State where diversi- 
fied and intensive agriculture is practiced, yearlings and 
two-year-old and three-year-old animals are worth consid- 
erably more than in Tennessee. This is not due so much 
to a difference in '" quality " as to the better feeding they 
received from birth forward, a point that cannot be empha- 
sized too strongly. 



TENNESSEE S RAKK IN THE PRODUCTION OF BEEF CATTLE. 

According to the Twelfth Census, Tennessee ranks 
twenty-second in the ow^lersllip of neat cattle. With re- 
gard to the number of beef cattle held in the Southern 
States, Tennessee stands second only to Kentucky. Texas 
is, of course, left out of the reckoning, as its area is so 
much greater than that of any of the other States con- 
sidered, (^omparing the number of cattle held in the fol- 
lowing States, Tennessee shows up well in regard to niun- 
bers, though the total value of all animals still leaves much 
to be desired. 



Tennessee 

Kentucky 

Virginia 

North Carolina 

Alabama 

Georgia 





Year- 


Two- 


Three- 




Calves. 


year- 


year- 


Total. 






olds. 


olds. 




236,n(X1 


110,3r,S 


(58,301 


20,127 


434,7% 


250,o02 


141,943 


107,055 


49,580 


549,680 


162,053 


91,579 


87,026 


79,203 


419,861 


142,t>.St) 


43,.S2S 


2(i,579 


30,692 


243,785 


213,:!97 


52,023 


37,001 


40,436 


;i-12,8.57 


211,579 


«2,12S 


3(5,100 


31,254 


341,061 



$ 4,766,641 
10,798,342 
8,064,388 
1,815,684 
2,374,885 
1,789,970 



In prepanng this table, all the animals classed as calves 
in the census report have been included. Doubtless a 
number of these were dairy animals ; but as the census 
makes no distinction on that point, the comparison is fair 

3 



66 Handbook of Tennessee. 

to the several States. Observe tliat Kentucky has ouly 
14,502 more calves and 31,575 more yearlings than Ten- 
nessee, but over 39,354 two-yeaf-olds and more than 29,- 
453 three-year-olds, which gives it 114,884 more neat cat> 
tie than Tennessee owns; and as nearly half this number 
are two-year-olds and three-year-olds, their value is much 
greater and accounts in part for the high value of the beef 
cattle held in that State. Virginia has 18,789 less year- 
lings, but 18,715 more two-year-olds and 59,076 more 
three-year-olds, though lier annual calf cropis 73,947 less 
than Tennessee's. The total number of the different ani- 
mals held, however, is 419,864, almost as many as in this 
State, while their total value is much greater. The dif- 
ference is chiefly due to the high average value of the two- 
year-olds and the three-year-olds. On the basis of tbc' calf 
crop the large number of two-year-olds and threef-year- 
olds possessed by Virginia and Kentucky can only be ac- 
counted for throug'h the purchase of large numbers from 
other States, and it is for the purpose of bringing out tliis 
fact and pointing out the error of our breeders in permitr 
ting their cattle to go to other States in a " half-finished " 
condition and at a low sale price that this table has been 
introduced. What Tennessee farmers ne«d to do is to 
keep their ''half -finished" beef cattle at home and "finish" 
them here, and so obtain the top market price. The con- 
dition of the stock in many of the cotton-growling States is 
certainly deplorable, empliasizing the importance of 
" grading up " and the necessity of giving better care and 
management to those animals already owned in the several 
States.- 

INFLUENCE OF THE CIVIL WAR. 

In this connection it will be interesting to see what prog- 
ress has been made in the cattle business in some of the 
Southern States in the past thirty or forty years. The 
following table brings tliis out very nicely, giving the total 
number of animals on all the farms in 1860, 1870, and 
1900: 



Hai^dbook of Tennessee. 



67 



Tennessee. .... 

Kentucky 

Virginia 

North Carolina 

Mississippi 

Alabama 

Georgia 



NUMBER OF ANIMALS. 



764,732 
S;}(j,()59 

1,014,467 
6!):], 810 
729,909 
770,396 

1,005,882 



643,696 
700,327 
511,743 
521,162 
501,075 
487,163 
697,903 



1900. 



912,183 
1,083,248 
825,512 
624,518 
873,356 
799,734 
899,491 



The effects of the war are very clearly sliown, as many 
of the States did not possess as many animals in 1870 as 
they did in 1860. In 1900 most of them show a satis- 
factory increase, and among' this nmnber is Tennessee. 
Virginia, North C^arolina, and Georgia do not now possess 
as many cattle as they did in 1860 ; while Tennessee, Ken- 
tncky, and Mississippi have made a very satisfactory in- 
crease. These fignres indicate . an increasing interest in 
the cattle business; and having now fully recovered from 
the eft'ects of tlie war, we may expect the matter of winter 
feeding to receive the attention, its importance: merits. 



BTSTRIBUTTON OF CATTLE BY TYPE OF FARM. 

There is no way of distinguishing between the nmnber 
of beef and dairy cattle held on the different type farms 
of the State; but a study of the figures presented here- 
with is instructive, because it shows that more than one- 
third of all the cattle in the State are found on live-stock 
farms. The number of animals on stock farms was 240,- 
150 on Jane 1, 1900; the next largest number fonud 
on hay and grain farms was 143,290 ; while on the 53,405 
farms on which cotton was produced there were only 37,- 
447 head of cattla Yet these farms in the majority of 
instances had more grain to feed tO' cattle than any of the 
others. The number of cattle held on farms where di- 
versified agriculture is practiced was 99,116. Onlv a 



68 Handbook of Tennessee. 

comparatively few animals M^ere held on special-t\pe 
farms, such as vegetable, fruit, sugar, etc. 

DISTRIBUTION OF CATTEE BY OWNERSHIP. 

Of tlie total number of neat cattle held in the State, 
355,644 were the property of owners; of part o-svners, 31,- 
286; the joint property of owners and tenants, 14,130; 
belonging to managers of estates, 9,828; the propertv of 
cash ten,ants, 34,148; belonging to share tenants, 66,988. 
By far the greater number of the cattle in the State were, 
tlierefore, tlie property of the owners of the land, and so 
there should be every incentive for the improvement of 
their quality. 

CATTLE PER FARM. 

At an earlier day many of the cattle were held on a few 
fanns of large area. According to the census of 1900, 
there were 711 cattle on farms of imder three acres, 5,116 
on farms of from 3 to 10 acres, 16,117 on farms of from 
10 to 20 acres, 60,730 on farms of from 20 to 50 acres, 
101,548 on farms of from 50 to 100 acres, 136,134 on 
farms of from 100 to 175 acres, 83,055 on farms of from 
175 to 200 acres, 86,215 on farms of from 200 to 500 
acres, 23,767 on farms of from 500 to 1,000 acres, and 
17,464 on fanns of over 1,000 acres. It seems that by 
far the greater number of the cattle owned in Tennessee are 
found on farms of from 50 to 500 acres; in other words, 
tliey are in the hands of small farmers, and not on the 
ranges or great estates. Thus every farmer in the State 
has an interest in the development of the beef -cattle in- 
dustry. • 

SHOULD TENNESSEE DEVELOP THE BEEF INDUSTRY ? 

The acreage of improved land in Tennessee is from 25 
to 50 per cent of the total area. During the past decade 
our improved lands increased only 16 per cent. As the 
majority of our farms are fi^om 100 to 200 acres in extent 



Handbook of Tennessee. 69 

and the vahie of our farm products is only from 4 to 7 per 
cent and the value of our farm lands is from 10 to 20 
per cent, there is certainly every reason why an effort 
should he made to conserve and improve the fertility of 
our land, thereby increasin£>' its productiveness, the value 
of the crop per acre, and the price of the land. Tliis can 
undoubtedly be done more economically and with the 
greatest dispatch through the development of our cattle 
interests. Tennessee should certainly develop the feed- 
ing of beef cattle on a large scale because of the many 
excellent food stuffs tliat are grown which are not now very 
largely utilized at home, but are permitted to go to other 
States where the winter feeding of beef cattle is engaged 
in more extensively. 

THE cotton crop. 

In 1899 there were produced 234,592 bales of cotton, 
yielding 117,504,070 pounds of lint. As already no- 
ticed, 39,312 farms report no interest in stock, whereas 
the 623,137 acres cultivated in cotton in the State in 1899 
were on 53,405 farms. It appears that on an average 
these farms produced 2,200 pounds of lint, or 189 pounds 
per acre; and the total value of the crop, including the 
cotton seed, was $14.72 per acre. It is plain on the face 
of these returns that the cotton lands are not producing 
what they would under better treatment. If farmyard 
manure were available, the yield would be materially iu/- 
creased and the purchase of commercial- fertilizer would 
be very considerably reduced. By maintaining stock on. 
-the fann, many of the legimiinous crops which improve 
the soil could be brought into the rotation and pastured 
off to advantage. The writer does not wish to see the per- 
centage of cotton produced in Tennessee decreased. Those 
who advocate the abandonment of cotton farming take an 
unreasonable view of the situation. What should be done 
is to combine cotton and stock fanning, not only improv- 
ing the cotton farms, but feeding the meal and by-products 



70 Handbook of Tein^nessee. 

of the cotton plant on the lands producing tliem, and then 
their fertility can be maintained indefinitely. If the cot- 
ton farms produce more bv-products than they can con- 
sume on their own lands, they should certainly be utilized 
by fanners in other sections of the State, and not be per- 
mitted to go outside the State, Allowing that two pounds 
of cotton seed were produced for each poimd of lint in 
1899, there were produced 117,504 tons of cotton seed, 
equal to 47,001.6 tons of ineal; allowing that a pound of 
cotton-seed meal is equal to one and one-half pounds of c irn 
for feeding purposes (a moderate estimate), the cotton 
products were equal to 2,517,943 bushels of com, or 
enough to feed 70,503 1,000-pound steers for 120 days. 
If this number of steers had been fed on the cotton prod- 
ucts wliich must be combined with corn in oxder to make 
tlie most economical gains, all of the " stockers " must have 
been sold into other States, or else the number of beef cat- 
tle would materially increase and could be fed at home, 
and, instead of selling for 3 cents, would have brought 
nearer 5 cents. In addition, the excreta from the animals 
fed cotton products, if properly preserved, would contain 
about 96 per cent of all the fertilizing elements in, the 
original foods. If only 75 per cent of the excreta were 
properly presented and returned to the soil, it would have 
been worth $705,015, which in itself would have been a 
handsome profit, even if the cattle had not brought more 
than the pm-chase price in addition to paying for the feed 
consumed. 

THE corn crop. 

Besides the cotton crop, the State can produce an almost 
unlimited supply of corn, if the area devoted to that cereal 
is sufiiciently increased. The present year it is estimated 
that the crop will approximate 80,000,000 bushels, grown 
on less than 3,500,000 acres of land. The area devoted to 
the coiTi crop could be doubled to advantage. As it is, 
there are many farmers in Tennessee, especially in the 
river bottoms, who are trvins' to sell their corn at from 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



71 



35 cents to 40 cents per bnshel, whereas it lias been shown 
at the Experiment Station that they can obtain, much 
more than this for it tlirongh the winter feeding of cat- 
tle or the fattening of hogs. On one farm wlil^jh has been 
called particnlarly to the attention of the writer there is 
enough com produced to winter fatten the 7,000 head of 
'■ stockers " which one buyer in the State purchased and 
sent out this year to be winter fed in Maryland, Pennsylva- 
nia, and Virginia. Why the fanners should desire to sell 
their corn at so great a sacrifice, when they can purchase 
the beef cattle at home at a reasonable cost, is hard to vin- 
derstand. It certainly must be attributed to a failure to 
recognize the importance of tlie industry. 

CENTEK of the BEEF-CATTLE INDUSTRY. 

The table below shows the counties in which the beef 
cattle are found in greatest numbers. The column show- 
ing' calves under on© year old doubtless includes dairy 
calves, but there is no way of making" a distinction on this 
point. Only a few counties can be considered in this ta- 
ble, but tliose liolding the largest number of beef cattle 
liave been selected, the others not mentioned ranging be- 
low these; and, in fact, in some counties hardly any beef 
cattle are o^vned. The table follows : 



Wilson 

Dyer 

Gibson 

Greene.. . . 

Maury 

Rutherford 

Giles 

Obion .... 
Shelby .... 
Sumner.. . . 
Lincoln. . . . 
Bedford . . . 
Weakley. . . 
Williamson 

Blount 

Knox 

Davidson . . 



Calves. 


Yearlings. 


Two-vear- 
olds. 


Three- 
j^ear-olds. 


.5,300 


2,881 


1,707 


276 


5,271 


2,380 


1,600 


678 


5,787 


2,191 


1,555 


282 


5,251 


2,971 


1,257 


205 


4.799 


2,905 


1,417 


326 


5,102 


3,008 


1,141 


169 


4,589 


2,-529 


1,564 


336 


4,795 


2,305 


1,148 


283 


5.752 


1,2(57 


1,009 


265 


3,521 


2,398 


1,827 


130 


3,991 


2,484 


797 


92 


3,334 


2,229 


1,380 


237 


4,537 


1.479 


699 


180 


4,158 


1,720 


837 


99 


3,001 


2,099 


1,380 


242 


4,313 


1,497 


i)V ( 


213 


3,849 


1,336 


1,083 


301 



10,164 
9,929 
9,815 
9,684 
9,447 
9,420 
9,018 
8,531 
8,293 
7,876 
7,364 
7,180 
6,895 
6,814 
6,722 
6,600 
6,591 



72 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



The largest number of beef cattle are held in Wilson 
County — namely, 10,164; Dyer County is second, with 
9,929; Gibson County is third, with 9,815; Greene 
Coimty is fourth, with 9,684; and Maury Coimty is fifth, 
with 9,447 ; and so they go on doAvn. There is not one of 
these counties which could not maintain from three to five 
times as many beef cattle as it now owns, were the busi- 
ness developed on the basis its importance as a means of 
improving the agriculture of the South, coupled with its 
profitableness, would warrant. The indifferent de\'el- 
opment of the cattle business in some of the counties can 
be imagined when it is seen that the county holding the 
largest number in the State possesses only 10,164 head. 
In order that the importance of developing the cattle busi- 
ness may be more clearly recognized, it is necessary to 
study this table in conjunction with the two following 
ones, which deal with the centers of corn and cotton j)ro- 
dnctioii in the State. 



CENTER OF CORN PRODUCTION. 

Witli regard to the corn prodnction, only those counties 
have been mentioned where the yield in 1899 was over 
1,000,000 bushels: 



Number of 
Acres. . 



Yield, 
in Bushels. 



Gibson 

Obion 

Giles 

Weakley . . . 

Maury 

Rutherford.. 
Lincoln ... 

Dyer 

Wilson 

Shelby 

Williamson . 

Bedford 

Carroll 

Lauderdale . 

Henry 

Hardin 

Sumner . . . . 
Tipton 



815 
195 
294 
8S8 
611 
982 
881 
287 
828 
679 
094 
266 
722 
499 
719 
714 
751 
564 



1,988,480 
1,878,790 
1,798,040 
1,741,560 
1,597,400 
1,465,800 
1,459,840 
1,449,000 
1,858,820 
1,842,720 
1,287,570 
1,182,380 
1,161.130 
1,106,670 
1,081,400 
1,058,950 
1,036,810 
1,007,220 



Handbook of Tennessee. 73 

In glancing at this table, it is quite apparent that in 
some connties the yield per acre is much greater than in 
others ; and if equal areas were cultivated in all the coun- 
ties, some of those now making only 1,000,000 bushels 
each would probably run close to 2,000,000 or 2,500,000 
bushels. Every one of the counties mentioned could 
produce at least t^viee the number of bushels of corn 
with Avhich it is here credited. The county produ- 
cing the largest crop of corn in 1899 was Gibson, with 
1,988,480 bushels; Obion was second, with 1,873,790 
bushels; and Giles was third, with 1,798,040 bushels; and 
so it goes gradually on down tO' Tipton, which produced 
1,007,220 bushels. 

Comparing this table with the centers of the cattle in- 
dustry, it seems that Wilson Coimty, containing the larg- 
est number of cattle, stood nintb in tlie production of 
corn ; Dyer County was second in the number of cattle 
and eightli in the production of corn ; Gibson County was 
third in the production of cattle and first in the produc- 
tion of corn ; Greene County was foui-th in the production 
of cattle, but produced less than 1,000,000 bushels of 
corn, and had no cotton products available for winter feed- 
ing except by purchase; Maury County was fifth in the 
number of cattle and also in the production of corn; and 
Rutherford was sixth in each instance. 

It thus seems that the cattle industry in the counties 
mentioned was not developed in proportion to the produc- 
tion of grain; and the writer desires to' emphasize this 
point most emphatically, as it brings out one of tlie great- 
est weaknesses in our present system of farming — ^namely, 
the failure to keep at home and utilize the grain crops in 
the production of a finished article, a manufactured arti- 
cle, and high-class beef cattle that command a good mar- 
ket price and enable the farmer tO' retain at least threes 
fourths of the fertilizing ingredients in his crops on his 
farm. Xotice that Greene, Blount, and Knox Counties, 
which produced less than 1,000,000 bushels and bad no 



74 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



cotton products, possessed very considerable numbers of 
live stock — more in proportion to tlie topograplij than 
many otlier counties in the State. The census shows that 
the winter maintenance of these cattle is probably due to 
the large amount of shredded stoA^er put up in these coun- 
ties. In Greene County in 1899 it amounted to 8,274 
tons; in Blount County, U) 6,478 tons; and in Knox 
County, to 6,143 tons. In the whole State 123,270 tons 
of shredded fodder were put up that year. There were 
3,374,574 acres of corn cultivated, however, eveiw acre of 
which should yield fi/^ tons of corn stover. The yield 
of corn stover on this basis would be 5,061,861 tons; so 
that 4,938,591 tons were either fed in tlie field or allowed 
to waste altogether. When fed in the field, not more than 
one-third of its feeding value would be obtained. It is 
quite evident from these figures that there is enough 
shredded stover and corn produced in the State, if prop^ 
erly utilized, to permit of the profitable winter feeding of 
all the beef cattle produced in the State and allow for a 
generous increase besides. 



CENTER of cotton PRODUCTION. 



COUNTY. 


Bales. 


l,int Cotton — 
Pounds. 


Seed Cotton- 
Pounds. 


Shelby 

Fayette ... 

Tipton 

Ivauderdale 


39,175 

25,881 
25,604 
15,929 
15,914 
13,197 
12,488 


19,587,500 
12,940,500 
12,802,000 
7,964,500 
7,957,000 
6,598,500 
6,244,000 


39,175,000 

25,881,000 
25,604,000 
15,929,000 


Haywood 

Hardeman 


15,914.000 
13,197,000 
12,488,000 







This table is calculated on the basis of 2 pounds of seed cotton for 1 pound of 
lint. 

While the production of wheat in the State now barely 
suffices for the needs of our own people and the growth 
of the other winter cereals is as yet insignificant, there is 
another great concentrate produced in the State which 
is not utilized to any considerable extent as yet in the 



Hanbj30ok of Tennessee. 75 

winter feeding of beef cattle. Coupled with the com crop 
produced and which the State is capable of producing and 
the large increase that might be had in the production 
of cotton if the lands are improved througli the winter 
feeding of beef cattle and the return of the droppings to 
the soils on the cotton farms, there is practically no litnit 
to the amount of cheap concentrates that may be had for 
winter feeding, once the farmers come to realize the im- 
portance of the industry. 

Acco]'ding- to theforegoing table, the largest cotton-produ- 
cing county in the State is Shelby, which made 39,175 bales 
in 1899; Fayette came second, with 25,881 bales; Tipton 
came third, with 25,604 bales; Lauderdale came fourth, 
with 15,929 bales; Haywood came fifth, with 15,914 
bales; Plardeman came sixth, with 13,197 bales; and Mad- 
ison came seventh, with 12,488 bales. These seven coun- 
ties produced 148,188 bales of cotton, or three-fifths of the 
entire crop. 

Returning to the table showing the center of the cattle 
industry, it appears that Shelby is the only county hav- 
ing any considerable interest in the business; yet these 
seven counties produced the equivalent of 2,646,214 bush- 
els of corn — ^enough concentrates to make 15,877,284 
pounds of beef, equivalent to 200 pounds of gain on 79,- 
386 head of beef cattle, or 300 poirnds of gain on 52,924 
head of l>eef cattle in a 150-day feeding period; yet the 
largest number of beef cattle held by any one of these 
counties was by Shelby — namely, 8,293 head. In some 
of these counties there is practically no' interest in beef 
cattle. The yield of lint cotton per acre in these coun- 
ties could be greatly increased by improving the fer- 
tility of the soil, which can be most cheaply and ef- 
fectively done through the feed of the by-products of 
the cotton plant in conjunction with the corn which these 
counties are capable of producing. It is noteworthy 'that 
the cotton seed produced in Shelby County was equiva- 
lent in feeding value to 700,000 bushels of corn, enough 



76 Handbook of Texnessek. 

to winter feed 21,000 head of beef cattle; while in Fay- 
ette County the cotton crop was equivalent to 462,160 
bushels of com, enough to Avinter feed 13,864 head of 
beef cattle for the period mentioned, while making a gain 
of 200 pounds. 

THE CEREALS. 

In addition to the corn and cotton crops which are now 
available, large yields of winter cereals — oats, barley, and 
rye — can be produced and utilized for feeding, not only 
acting as winter cover crops, but leaving the land free for 
tlie production of a summer crop of cowpea hay, soy beans, 
or even corn or sorghum for forage or silage. All that is 
necessary is to prepare the land well and seed these crops 
early in the fall in order to get proper yields from them 
and produce an abundance of cheap grain for combining 
with the cotton-seed meal and corn already produced for 
winter feeding. 

TJiE SOY BEAN. 

There is another crop that should also receive attention 
ai the hands of the farmer, and that is the soy bean, wliicii 
will yield on a fair type of land from 25 to 40 bushels 
per acre of grain, containing about 28 per cent of protein, 
or more than twice as much as wheat bran and about three 
times as much as corn. In addition, the soy beau will 
produce a larger amount of '' roughness " than an acre of 
com, and it is also of superior feeding value to shredded 
stover. 

SiLAOE CKOP8. 

Combination crops of cowpeas and corn or sorghum and 
veh^et beans can be made into silage to the greatest advan- 
tage in the State. It need not cost in an average season 
more than -^1 per ton to make the silage, consisting of 
from 10 to 15 per cent of pea vines. The silage is thus 
not only unusually rich, but it can be utilized for either 
sumjuer or winter feeding, and, if properly made, will 
produce larger gains, as experimental results referred to 
later will substantiate, than dr>^ fodders alone. With 



Handbook of Tennessee. 77 

such an array of fine foods at the command of the feeder 
and taking into consideration the ease and cheapness with 
which they can be produced, there is nO' reason why the 
feeding" of beef cattle should not be made a paramount 
industry in the State. The feeding of beef cattle will also 
enable tiie land to be put down in grass and stop the fright- 
ful soil w^ashing wdiich is now apparent on every hand and 
which has already ruined gTeat sections of the country 
almost beyond redemption. 

CHEAP GKAZING LANDS. 

While many of the grasses which do' best in the jS^orth 
may not take so kindly to our soil, there are others adapted 
to the South which are very successful, if not superior. 
Lands subject to washing can be put down in Bermuda 
grass to the greatest advantage ; lands better situated can 
be seeded to redtop, orchard grass, and tall oat gTass. 
The fescues can be used to advantage in our pasture lands ; 
and, when properly treated, thousands of acres can be suc- 
cessfully cultivated in red and alsike clover, or, it may be, 
even in alfalfa. It is absolutely necessary that the farmers 
of the State pnt down vast areas of their land m grasses 
in order to preserv^e it, and it is best for them to get the 
densest turf they can. The objection to Bermuda grass, 
that it cannot he eradicated, is not worthy of serious con- 
sideration in view of the large destruction the erosion is 
now causing on many of our farms. The mere putting 
down of the grass in sod will enrich it, as all know who 
have attempted to cultivate com or other crops after it, and 
it Avill enable us to maintain our beef cattle in good 
growing condition through the summer and a ]X)i'tion 
of the winter as well. Our stocker cattle are sold at a sac- 
rifice. True, they may be produced on cheap lands and 
the farmer may think he cannot afford to feed them ; but 
the difference between 3 cents and 5 cents per poimd on all 
the animals sold in the State is too gTeat a loss for the 
farmers to sustain. Then if these cattle can be fed sue- 



78 Handbook of Teiv'tv^essee. 

cessfully in other States without advantages such as we 
enjoy, it is clearly evident that they should be kept at 
hoi'ne. Every one knows that the finished product brings 
the highest price and shows the largest profit. One: has 
to pay a high price for a watch or any other article re- 
quiring skill and care in the manufacturei, and the ditfer- 
ence is as proportionately great between the haK-fattened 
steer of indifferent quality and one properly bred and 
" finished." Our farmers can no longer permit the several 
millions of dollars which they are losing through the pres- 
ent ])ractice of disposing of their cattle to go further, ]>e- 
cause tlie time has come when every source of revenue nmst 
be fully developed if the farmer is to obtain a just reward 
for his labors. 

In addition to these many reasons, there is an abun- 
dance of cheap land suitable for grazing, and for no other 
purpose, which used to be covered with timber, but which 
now has been cut off. TTnless it is put down in sod, it will 
be entirely destroved; and owing to its steep, rough na- 
ture, it is quite unsuited for agricultural purposes. Such 
lands are adjacent to almost every farm in. the State. 
They can be purchased for a song and can be used for 
grazing purposes during the summer, while the richer, 
lower lands of the valleys are utilized for the production of 
grain and forage crops for winter feeding. lii this way 
the farmer can raise and produce his own stock very 
cheaply — sl manifest advantage, as he not only knows the 
quality of the stocky but is not forced to purchase at a 
good deal of trouble and expense each year. 

CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE LAND. 

The carrying capacity of Tennessee land when properly 
managed is surprising, and it is quite feasible to duplicate 
these results on thousands of acres of land in the State. 
The improvement of our meadows and pastures will not 
be a difiicult matter M-hen the soil is properly enriclied 
by the use of barnyard manure and plenty of shade is pro- 



Handbook of Tennessee. 79 

vided to enable the production of Kentucky blue grass and 
orchard g-rass. The following- fig-ures relating to the ':;ar- 
rying capacity of Tennessee lands were furnished, through 
the courtesy of Hon. C. H. JS^imson, of Bellevue Farms, 
Cranberry, 1^. C. Mr. Nimson went into this counti-y 
and cleared the primeval forest at a cost of $29.30 per acre, 
and has maintained it as a stock farm for many years, and 
so consei-^'ed all its original fertility. I quote his figures 
because they will be of unusual interest and value to t.he 
people of the State, and should convince them beyond all 
(piestion of the momentous importance of the live-stock 
industry when properly developed and the marvelous car- 
rying capacity of our soils when intelligently treated : 

" Pasture 'No. 2, 84 acres, carried live weight of cattle 
and sheep, weighed in on May 1, 1902, 446 pounds tO' the 
acre. 

" Pasture Ko. 3, 14 acres, a pasture used continuously 
summer and winter for sheep, with cattle added in sum- 
luer, carried live weight, weighed in on May 1, 1902, 298 
pounds to the acre. 

" Pasture No. 5, 22 acres, a division also' pastured sum- 
mer and AA^nter with sheep, and cattle added in sununer, 
carried, weighed in on May 1, 1902, 230 pounds to the 
acre. 

" Pasture No. 13, 20 acres, carried an average of 327 
pounds live weight to the acre, weighed in on May 1, 1902. 

" Pasture No. 18, 26 acres, carried 230 pounds to the 
acre, weighed in on May 1, 1902. 

" In making up a record of cattle grazing, we found that 
74 head of one-year-olds and two-year-olds pastured at the 
rate of 300 pounds to the acre (weighed in) gained in 
111 days, 65 per cent; for the season of 51/^ months, 80 
per cent — the heifers gaining 79.3 per cent; the steers, 
81.6 per cent. 

" We feel very safe in estimating tliat our lands will 
carry, on an average, 275 pounds of live stock to the acre. 



80 Handbook of Tennessee. 

weighed in, and make an increase in a season's pasturage 
of 51/0 months of from 75 per cent to 80 per cent." 

DIFFICULTIES of THE BUSINESS. 

It has been urged that one of the principal drawbacks 
to the development of the stock industry in Tennessee is 
the cattle tick. As a inatter of fact, the majority of coun- 
ties in the State are above the quarantine line, and there 
is no reason why all should not enjoy perfect immunity 
from tliis pest if they take systematic steps with that cud 
in view. If each county would appoint a live-stock in- 
spector whose duty it is to exterminate the ticks, as can 
be done a\ itli comparative ease by destroying them on the 
cattle held on the various famis and by keeping iiifecied 
cattle outside that county, the peoplei of that section can 
scon be placed above the quarantine line, and then the pres- 
ent difficultly will disappear and tlie discrimination which 
now affects the business will be disposed of. Let the peo- 
ple understand that they are to blame entirely if this is 
the only drawback they can urge against the development 
of their stock interests. Railroad rates have been so exor- 
bitant as to militate against the business. Better times 
are in sight, however, and the day is not far distant 
wlien packing houses will be established in this section 
of the South. As soon as our farmers demonstrate that 
they can produce cattle of good quality and in sufficient 
numbers, packing houses mil come tO' their doors. If 
they are not willing to make some sacrifice in order to 
build up the industry, they must remain as they are. It 
is first necessary for any man to demonstrate what he can 
do before he can enlist the interest and sympathy of cap- 
italists, and so the same rule holds with our farmers. Our 
people must first make the effort, even at some sacrifice, 
and all the profits will flow into their coffers. 

It has been said that markets are not available; but 
there are four large and growing cities in Tennessee, and 
we are not far distant in the eastern part of the State from 



Handbook of Tennessee. 81 

Washington, Baltimore, and Philadelphia; in the middle 
part, from Louisville and Cincinnati ; and in the west- 
ern part, from St. Louis, and even Chicag'o. The mai-^ 
ket facilities are improving all the time ; and if Vir- 
ginia can develop a large stock business by taking the 
cattle from East Tennessee and winter feeding them, there 
is no reason why our own people should not and will not 
do the same thing as soon as they realize the value of tlie 
business. 

EESITT.TS OF FEEDING BEEF CATTLE AT THE TENNESSEE 
EXPERIMENT STATION. 

It lias been said that our native cattle could not make 
profitable gains ; that it was useless to try to feed them. 
If those of better quality are fed for 150 days, they will 
make satisfactory^ gains and show a fair profit. It is not 
a difficult matter to improve the quality of stock. Im- 
proved sires are being brought into every section, of the 
State, and the first cross is effecting a very desirable 
change. After we have effected the improvement in 
blood, wliicli is now being rapidly done, the cattle must 
be put on better pastures and receive better attention if 
they are to improve as rapidly as desired. These matters 
are entireJy in the hands of the farmers ; and if tliey fail 
to avail themselves of the natural advantages by which 
they are surrounded, they can be attributed only to their 
own negligence. 

Some have stated that cattle feeding is not profitable; 
but if one goes out and studies the problem on many of 
the farms, he will be struck at once with the wasteful 
methods of feeding which largely prevail and which ac- 
count for the small profits obtained. One-tliird of the 
food could frequently be saved and still make satisfactory 
gains, were the rations intelligently combined or the ani- 
mals fed in a careful and economic way. The one-crop 
and two-crop system in vogue, which has been practiced so 
long, has also militated ag'ainst the development of cattle 



82 Handbook of Tennessee. 

feeding, because there has not been enough grain and 
forage produced to make the business feasible. 

ISJ^one of these questions, however, are serious, and can 
all be disposed of as soon as the farmers make up their 
minds to encourage the industry on a businesslike basis. 
That even our native stock can be fed successfully in Ten- 
nessee is sliown by the following table, which gives the 
results of feeding beef cattle at the Tennessee station for 
three years past. The table shows the number of days 
fed, the rations fed per 1,000 pounds, the gain at the end, 
tlie gain per group, the gain per day, the " roughness " and 
concentrates per pound of gain, the per cent of good meat, 
the value of the manure, and the net profit per groLip 
at high prices and Ioav prices for food stuffs : 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



83 



FEEDING TEST WITH BEEF CATTLE AT TENNESSEE EXPERIMENT 

STATION. 





Q 


RATIONS 
PER 1,000 LBS. 


bi) 
'S 

a 


■d 
s 
W 


0. 




It 

o 


il 

0. 

U 

O 


£ 1 
V 


d 
"3 

ci-r 


Oh 


o s 

> 


net PROFIT 
PER GROUP. 


s 
o 
u 

o 


in 

o 


Si 




91 


Experiment for 1900. 


3 

6 

8 

4 

4-7 

6-lt) 

8 

4 
() 

8 

4 
2 
8 

4 

30 

6 

4 

2 

30 

5 

6 

30 

5 

6 
8 

4 

7 
30 

! ^ 

! 7 
8 


11 
10 
6 

4-7 
5 
8 
6 

8 
9 
fi 

8 
3 

8 

8 

30c 

4 

8 

3 

46c 

9 

4 
30 

9 

6 

7 

9 

5 
30 

9 

7 
7 


640 


1.8 


7 


3.7 


53.00 


|18 98 


$17 60 


$28 12 


I 






(Corn stover 




















591 


1.6 


8.2 


3.9 


52.20 


27 86 


8 36 


12 26 








II. 


"1| 1 rrittnn-cpcH hra n 








































Ill 


120 
120 
120 


Experiment FOR 1901- 
(Corn meal 


605 


1.3 


10.3 


4:8 


55.30 


27 47 


12 42 


26 34 






















IV. 


f Corn meal 

< Cotton-seed meal 


523 


1.1 


6.6 


7.9 


57.10 


30 05 


12 12 


21 91 






















728 


1.5 


23.7 


4.2 


.56.20 


S3 28 


13 22 


26 70 


V. 


-< Sorghum silage 

(Pea hay 




740 


2.1 


18.7 


4.5 


ii7.50 


25 34 


16 29 


25 43 


VI 1W 


J rr,ttr.n.cp.pH ni(>a1 








(Sorghum silage 

Experiment for 1902. 

f Corn meal, 1 ") 

n)n 1 Cotton-seed meal, 2 . / 
















VII. 


886 


1.9 


16.9 


4.1 


56.50 


39 81 


28 91 


37 55 




120 
120 















VIII. 


fCorn meal, 1 ) 

I Cotton-seed meal, 2. . j 
; 1 Pea hay 


705 


1.5 


7.8 


5.2 


55.20 


42 27 


24 62 


35 92 




















IX. 


f Cotton-seed meal, 52. \ 
J Cotton-seed bran, 48. J 

1 Pf.c. Viair 


662 


1.4 


23.9 


5.3 


54.60 


41 91 


28 24 


34 53 




1, Corn si'lage 

C Cotton-seed meal, 52. \ 
TOA ' Cotton-seed bran, 48. j 

i-" 1 Doo V,.,,, 


















X. 


422 


1.2 


9.8 


6.2 


53.90 


32 26 23 50 27 91 


1 It,::,:::' 
















1 

















This table is worthy of careful study and consideration 
at the hands of our fanners. It shows that native cattle 
on a ration of com meal, cotton-seed meal, and silage will 
make as much as two pounds of gain per day for a feed- 
ing period of 120 days ; that when fed corn meal, cotton- 
seed meal, pea hay, and silage, they will also make excel- 



84 Handbook of Tennessee. 

lent gains — in the experiment quoted, 1.9 pounds per head 
per day. The poorest gains by any group for a loiig feed- 
ing period were made on com meal, pea hay, and corn 
stover, and corn meal, cotton-seed meal, and corn stover; 
but even these gains for stocker cattle run through the 
winter to be finished on grass would prove satisfactory. 
The per cent of good meat obtained from these animals 
was also encouraging, and the value of the manure is an 
item not to be overlooked. The profits s1io^\ti per grou]>, 
even with such high prices as prevailed in 1901 and 190:2, 
were still satisfactory ; and if the farm price of these food 
stuffs is considered, and not the market price when deliv- 
ei'ed in the large towns and cities, the profit is still highly 
satisfactorv. 

There is everything, then, to encourage the feeding of 
beef cattle on, rations that can be produced on Tennessee 
farms. i-\s the quality of stock improveiS, the profits 
shown will be largely increased. These figures have been 
obtained as a result of careful and prolonged investiga- 
tions, and they are certainly reliable. The results stated 
are always minimized on purpose, so they may never prove 
misleading. 

A careful study of the above table should encourage 
many of our farmers to give this business their serious 
consideration. 



INVESTIGATIONS AT THE TENNESSEE EXPERIMENT 
STATION IN 1902, 1903. 

To further inform the fanners about the value of die 
business, feeding investigations have been imdertakeu nhis 
year at the station with 32 head of cattle, 16 head of which 
have already been put on, high-pressure feed tO' be sold as 
beef cattle in the spring, and 16 head are tO' be run tlirough 
on very cheap '' roughness " and a light grain ration and 
put on pasture the following sumiuer and sold as export 
cattle next fall. The idea is to compare the two methods 



Handbook of Tennessee. 85 

of feeding for Tennessee conditions and see which will be 
most profitable to tlie fanner. 

There is much to be learned about selecting feeders. 
The animals intended for this purpose should have a good 
spring of ribs, a short middle piece, heavily-fleshed quar- 
ter, and a refined- head and intelligent expression. They 
should be uniform in color whenever possible and be fed 
in large enough numbers to permit their being shipped in 
car-load lots, if necessary. The winter treatment of the 
cattle is a very simj^le nuitter. Cheap, shedlike barns can 
b© erected at but a small cost. All that is needed is some 
place to protect the manure from leaching and give the 
animals plenty of room for exercise and provide a suit- 
able manger for feeding and protection, from inclement 
weather, the severe rains of the winter being even worse 
on them than our very cold weather. A shed capable of 
feeding 40 or 50 head of cattle can be erected for about 
$500 out in the country where labor and lumber are cheaip. 
The provision of barns, buildings, and silos will never be 
a serious obstacle to the development of cattle feeding, 
and the investment required to provide buildings admira- 
bly adapted to the purpose is very small indeed, and is 
within the reach of very many of our farmers. 



CONCLUSION. 

In conclusion, it may be well to state that feeding beef 
cattle will be more ]:)rofitable in the future than in the 
past, because of our rapidly-increasing po]>ulation and the 
breaking up of the ranching system in the West, wliich 
means that the cattle industry must be carried on more 
largely on the small farms in the future. Then our o\vn 
population in Tennessee and the Southeastern States prom- 
ises to increase rapidly in the next decade. Manufactur- 
ing indnstries are coming in large numbers, and coal, iron, 
and other mineral resources are being developed very rap^- 
idly. This means that better prices will prevail for beef. 



86 Handbook of Tennessee. 

that we will have a larger population to feed, and tliat we 
must produce far more meat in the future in order to sup- 
ply the demand of our home market. For these reasons 
the outlo(5k for the future of the business is very encour- 
aging indeed. 



TENNESSEE BY DIVISIONS AND GODNTIES. 



The purpose of the following descriptive and statistical 
matter is to enable the reader to see at a glance the kind, 
character, and aniomit of the products of each particular 
county, as well as to gather a general idea of the adapta- 
bility of the county to any particular pursuit. The sta- 
tistical tables were compiled from the census reports for 
1900, and they embrace statistics of the most important 
products of each county in the State. The coimties arc 
arranged in alphabetical order by gTand divisions, begin- 
ning.' with 



EAST TENNESSEE. 



A^n:)ERSON COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 17,634; population in 1890, 15,- 
128. This county has an estimated area of 360 square 
miles, and is drained by the Clinch and Powell Rivers. 
Cmnberland Mountain occupies a part of the county. Its 
valleys are very fertile. Wheat, corn, and oats are the 
staple products. Oak, hickory, and sugar maple abound 
in its forests. The coimty is traversed by the Southern 
Railway. 

The county seat, Clinton, lies on the west bank of the 
Clinch River, 22 miles northwest of Knoxville; and it 
has several churches, flouring mills, a tanner>^, and a 
weekly newspaper. The population of the town was 1,111 
under the census of 1900. 

The assessed value of land in 1900 was $6.90 per acre. ■ 

Numljer of mauuf acturing establishments in the county, 
70; capital employed, $224,389; amount of wages paid 



88 



Hain^dbook: of Tennessee. 



during the year, $40,512 ; number of farms, 1,595 ; num- 
ber of acres, 180,291 ; number of acres improved, 70,295; 
value of buildings, $386,100; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $85,620 ; value of live stock, 
$378,428 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $491,- 
557; amount paid for farm labor during the year, $26,- 
260; total value of land and improvements, except build- 
ings, $1,381,210. 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 379,380 

Wheat 26,33U 

Oats 29,830 

Other cereals 1 ,260 

Potatoes 19,147 

Sweet potatoes 22,877 

Onions 3,480 

Beans 1,471 

Peas 8,008 

Value of other vegetables.|26,201 

Clover seed 21 

Other grass seed 226 

Peanuts 70 

Apples 67, 0(52 

Plums and prunes. ...... 9 



Wild grasses 428 

Millet 1,689 



Clover 

Other cultivated grasses 
Grains cut green for hay. 
Other forage crops.. . . . . 

Sorghum cane sold 



867 

3,757 

1,278 

2,436 

39 



Sorghum sirup (gallons).. 22,126 

Cotton (bales) 2 

Tobacco (pounds) 28,070 

Broom corn (pounds) 2,180 

Grapes (pounds) 44,300 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 91,967 

Plum and prunes 14 

Grapevines 6,474 

Value of forest products. . $ 100 
Value of small fruits. . . . 2,585 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultrv on hand $ 13,867 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 27,864 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 246,900 

Value of bees on hand 6,908 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 29,920 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 880 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 67,890 00 

Animals slaughtered 58,517 00 

Total ^126,407 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 7,933 

Sheep 2,665 

Hogs 14,842 



Horses 2,656 

Mules 1,469 

Asses and burros 39 



Handbook of Tennessee. 89 

BLEDSOE COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 6,626; population in 1890, 6,134. 
This is one of the nioimtainous counties of the State, and 
has an area of 300 square miles. It is drained by the 
Sequatchie TJiver and its tnbutaries. Its surface is some- 
what mountainous. Cattle, hog's, and fruit are the prin- 
cipal products of the county. It has fine timber, consist- 
ing of poplar, ash, oak, pine, lin, chestnut, and hickory 
Tlie pasturage for cattle and sheep is good. Coal and 
limestone abound in the county. Com, oats, and wheat 
are successfully grown throughout the county. 

Pikeville is the county seat, and it is situated near the 
Cumberland Mountain. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $2.33 
per acre. 

iSTuudx-r of manufacturing establishments in the coimty, 
25 ; capital employed, $57,592 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $4,692 ; number of farms, 984 ; nmn- 
ber of acres, 140,101 ; number of acres improved, 50,493 ; 
value of buildings, $235,040; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $57,730; value of live stock, $321,- 
440; value of products not fed to live stock, $392,626; 
amount paid for fann labor during the year, $18,900 ; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings,. 
$1,102,790. 



% 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



Corn 317,110 

Wheat 43,790 

Oats 12,230 

Other cereals 403 

Potatoes 15,62S 

Sweet potatoes 6,573 

Onions 520 

Beans 416 

Peas 4,182 

Value of other vegetables. |14,000 

Peanuts 31 

Apples 33,415 

Cherries 9 

Pears 49 

Plums and prunes 242 



Wild grasses .... 

Millet 

Clover 

Other cultivated grasses. 
Grains cut green for hay. 



124 

226 

177 

2,012 

1,311 



Other forage crops 5,893 

Sorghum cane sold 1 

Sorghum sirup (gallons).. 11,944 

Cotton (bales) 4 

Tobacco (pounds) 16,110 

Broom corn (pounds) 2,180 

Dried fruit (pounds) 13,260 

Grapes (pounds) 26,526 

Wine (gallons) 10 

Cider (barrels) 24 

Vinegar (barrels) 22 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 107,768 

Cherry 2.362 

Peach 12,122 

Pear 1,334 

Plum and prune 2,135 

Grapevines 2,122 

Value of forest products. .$19,363 
Value of small fruits 1,000 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 7,211 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 13,263 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 109,550 

Value of bees on hand 6,307 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 24,330 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 770 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 81,215 00 

Animals slaughtered 37,780 00 

Total 1118,995 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 8,107 

Sheep 4,863 

Hogs 15,643 



Horses 

Mules 

Asses and burros. 



1,228 
866 

27 



Handbook of Tennessee. 91 

BLOUNT COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 19,206 ; population in 1890, 17,- 
589. This county has an area of 614 square miles. The 
Ilolston Tiiver, which is navigable for steamboa.ts, bounds 
the county on the northwest; the Little Tennessee River 
flows thi'oug'h the county. The surface of the county is 
mountainous, with fertile valleys, which produce wheat, 
corn, oats, and fruit as staple products. The county has 
splendid forests of oak and pine, and marble and iron ore 
are both found in profitable quantities. 

Maryville, the county seat, is on the Knoxville and Au- 
gusta Uailroad. It has good ch arches, public schools, and 
colleges. 

The average assessed value of land is $5.25 per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establislmients in the county, 
75 ; capital employed, $375,166 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $55,569 ; number of farms, 2,161 ; nmn- 
ber of acres, 277,982 : number of acres improved, 131,- 
944 ; value of buildings, $633,750; value of farming im- 
plements and machinery, $184,070 ; value of live stock, 
$612,447; value of products not fed to live stock, $912,- 
555 ; amount paid for farm labor during the year, $42,- 
660 ; total value of land and improvements, except build- 
ings, $2,447,520. 



92 



.Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHKLS. 

Corn 608,900 

Wheat 157,500 

Oats 49,520 

Other cereals -idO 

Potatoes 9,236 

Sweet potatoes 27, -41 3 

Onions 1,963 

Beans 753 

Peas 13.800 

Value of other vegetables. 136, 030 

Clover seed 31 

Other grass seed 16 

Peanuts 683 

Apples 66,892 

Cherries 49 

Peaches 32 

Pears 353 

Plums and prunes 325 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 495 

Millet 2,687 

Clover 1,829 

Other cultivated grasses. . 4,413 



Grains cut green for hay. . 2,602 

Other forage crops 9,598 

iSorghum cane sold 5 

Sorghum sirup (gallons).. 38,014 

Cotton (bales) 7 

Tobacco (pounds) 19,650 

Broom corn (pounds) 2,990 

Dried fruit (pounds) 17,140 

Grapes (pounds) 135,951 

Wine (gallons) 84 

Cider (barrels) 55 

Vinegar (barrels) 80 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 110,067 

Cherrv 2,647 

Peach 40,838 

Pear 2,199 

Plum and prune 4,069 

Grapevines 15,499 

Value of forest products, .f 61, 239 
Value of small fruits 1,604 



00 



POULTRY AND BEES.. 

Value of poultry on hand | 19,622 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 42,489 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 315,820 

Value of bees on hand 7,507 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 85,530 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 770 

VALUK OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold |188,198 00 

Animals slaughtered 80,903 00 

Total 1269,096 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 12,994 

Sheep 5.252 

Hogs 24,398 



Horse 4,299 

Mules 2,008 

Asses and burros 31 



Handbook of Tennessee, 93 

ETiADLEY COUXTY. 

Population in 1900, 15,759; population in 1890, 13,- 
607. This coiintj borders on Georgia, and has an area 
of 280 square miles. The Hiwassee River flows along 
the northeast boundary of the county. The surface is 
hilly and well timbered ; the soil is fertile. Wheat, corn, 
and live stock are the leading products. The county is 
rapidlv coming to the front in fruit growing, especially 
apples, peaches, and strawberries. The soil and climate 
are Avell adapted to all kinds of fruit. 

The county seat, Cleveland, is situated on the Southern 
Railway. It is well supplied with churches and schools. 
It has one of the largest chair factories in the South, a 
large woolen mill and irousers factory, a stove foundry, 
and the largest coffin factory in the State. The town has 
an electric light plant and several national banks. 

The average price of improved land is $15 per acre; 
unimproved land can be purchased from $2 to $5 per acre. 
The extremely low price of land, the good schools estab- 
lished in this county, tlie healthfulness of the climate, 
and the productiveness of the soil oifer special induce- 
ments. 

T^Tumber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
84 ; capital employed, $364,385 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $129,433 ; number of farms, 1,728 ; nmn- 
ber of acres, 192,081; niunber of acres improved, 93,040; 
value of buildings, $476,850; value of farming im- 
plements and machinery, $133,210; value of live stock, 
$393,091; value of products not fed to live* stock, $524,- 
636 ; amount paid for farm labor during the year, $17,- 
830 ; total value of land and improvements, except build- 
ings, $1,405,600. 



94 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 503,660 

Wheat 79,440 

Oats 7,840 

Other cereals 292 

Potatoes 5,372 

Sweet potatoes 16,304 

Onions 1,005 

Beans 311 

Peas 11,520 

Value of other vegetables. |16, 050 

Clover seed 2 

Peanuts 48 

Apples 9.463 

Cherries 7 

Peaches 327 

Pears 80 

Plums and prunes 108 



Wild grasses 

Millet 

Clover 

Other cultivated grasses. 



185 

695 

547 

3,032 



Grains cut green for hay . 1,703 

Other forage crops 2,887 

Sorghum cane sold 51 

Sorghum sirup (gallons). . 15,717 

Cotton (bales) 231 

Tobacco (pounds) 12,170 

Broom corn (pounds) .... 580 

Dried fruit (pounds) 890 

Grapes (pounds) 47,465 

Wine (gallons) 77 

Cider (barrels) 6 

'Vinegar (barrels) 6 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 69,589 

Cherry 963 

Peach 48,453 

Pear 2,450 

Plum and prune 2,803 

Grapevines 10,698 

Value of forest products. .|21,387 

Value of small fruits 2,365 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 14,160 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 21,719 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 224,400 

Value of bees on hand 4,045 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 19,240 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 340 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 43,860 00 

Animals slaughtered 56,742 00 

Total 1100,602 00 



LIVE STOCK ON H.-VND. 



Cattle 6,202 

Sheep 3,266 

Hogs 11,342 



Horses 2,661 

Mules 1,832 

Asses and burros 87 



Handbook of Tennessee. 95 

CAMPBELL COUXTY. 

Population in 1000, 17,317; population in 1890, 13,- 
486. This county borders on Kentucky, and lias an area 
of 488 square miles. The Clinch River flows along its 
southeast border; several small streams drain the county^ 
emptying into the Cumberland Piver. The surface of the 
county is somciwhat mountainous and covered with fine 
forests. The Southern Railway traverses the county 
through Jellico to Knoxville. The staple products are 
com, oats, and grass. Rich bituminous coal deposits are 
found in the county. 

Jacksboro, the county seat, is near the Knox^dlle and 
Ohio Railroad, 33 miles from Knoxville. Coal mines are 
in operation near this place. It has general stores, 
churches, and schools. Its population in 1900 was 621. 

The average assessed value of land is $5.65 pei- acre. ' 

JSTumber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
83; capital employed, $195,939; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $44,172; number of farms, 1,834; num- 
ber of acres, 167,969 ; number of acres improved, 68,392 ; 
value of buildings, $328,170 ; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $67,010 ; value of live stock, $384,- 
623 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $477,508 ; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $18,710 ; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$1,031,660. 



96 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 339,330 

Wheat 19,520 

Oats 43,900 

Other cereals 346 

Potatoes 21,471 

Sweet potatoes 13,739 

Onions 2,060 

Beans 1,375 

Peas 908 

Value of other vegetables.|21,638 

Clover seed 2 

Peanuts ^2 

Apples 77,636 

Cherries 107 

Peaches 218 

Pears 341 

Plums and prunes 564 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 41 

Millet 1,«7S 

Clover 1,086 

Other cultivated grasses. . 1,715 



Grains cut green for hay . 395 

Other forage crops 2,887 

Sorghum cane sold 49 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) . . 11,284 

Cotton (bales) 

Tobacco (pounds) 7 

Broom corn (pounds) 3 

Dried fruit (pounds) 9 

Grapes (pounds) 15 

Wine (gallons) 

Cider (barrels) 

Vinegar (barrels) 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES, 



Apple 74, 

Cherrv 1, 

Peach 12, 

Pear 

Plum and prune 3, 

Grapevines 1, 

Value of forest products. .$48, 
Value of small fruits 



680 

450 

240 

422 

18 

30 

13 

392 

,684 
,683 
845 
462 
,201 

,956 

802 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 13,310 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 27,141 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 173,680 

Value of bees on hand 8,392 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 60,660 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 490 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold I 65,343 00 

Animals slaughtered 65,336 00 



Total $130,679 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 8,081 

Sheep 3,759 

Hogs 13,929 



Horses 2,044 

Mules 1,375 

Asses and burros 14 



Handbook of Tennessee. 97 

CARTER COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 16,688; population in 1890, 13,- 
389. This county has an area of about 298 square miles. 
The Watauga River flows through the county, and the Iron 
ACountain constitutes the soiitheastem boundary. Its 
surface is mountainous, with fertile valleys, and it is well 
timbered. Corn, oats, grass, and live stock are the sta- 
ple products. There is an abundance of iron ore in the 
county. It is traversed by the East Tennessee and West- 
ern jSTorth Carolina Railroad. 

The county seat is Elizabetliton, located east of Johnson 
City. It has churches, a school, a bank, and woolen mills. 

The average assessed value of land is $4.73 per acre. 

]!^umber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
74; capital employed, $286,068; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $63,825 ; niunber of farms, 2,027 ; num- 
ber of acres, 134,838 ; number of acres improved, 55,637 ; 
value of buildings, $506, 77t) ; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $79,750; value of live stock, $311,- 
614; value of products not fed to live stock, $544,014; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $29,870; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$1,598,560. 
4 



98 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn .....271,750 

Wheat 83,880 

Oats 56,360 

Other cereals 3,770 

Potatoes 26,326 

Sweet potatoes 8,737 

Onions 2,863 

Beans 2,087 

Peas 291 

Value of other vegetables.$22,185 

Clover seed 48 

Other grass seed 52 

Peanuts 7 

Apples 202,899 

Cherries 262 

Peaches 1,158 

Pears 184 

Plums and prunes 54 



Wild grasses 4 

Millet 714 

Clover 816 



Other cultivated grasses. 
Grains cut green for hay. 

Other forage crops 

Sorghum cane sold 



Sorghum sirup (gallons) 

Tobacco (pounds) 

Broom corn (pounds) . . 
Dried fruit (pounds) . . . 

Grapes (pounds) 

Wine (gallons) 

Cider i barrels) 

Vinegar (barrels) 



TONS. 

2,808 

356 

739 

57 

19,538 

6,920 

2,660 

91,710 

57,414 

119 

141 

116 



NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 187,182 

Cherry 2,356 

Peach 15,038 

Pear 748 

Plum and Prune 773 

Grapevines 2,784 



Value of forest products . 
Value of small fruits. . . . 



. 142,016 
636 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 15,578 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 37,461 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 197,360 

Value of bees on hand 7,921 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 64,060 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 1,570 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold '. $ 54,096 00 

Animals slaughtered 58,672 00 

Total $112,768 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 6,482 

Sheep 3,194 

Hogs 10,354 



Horses 1,942 

Mules 813 

Asses and burros 19 



Ha.ndbook of Tennessee. 99 

CLAIBOKNE COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 20,696; population in 1890, 15,- 
103. The area of this county is about 472 square miles. 
The PoAvell Piver intellects the county, and the Clinch 
River bounds it on the southeast. Climberland Mountain 
constitutes the northwest border of the county. The sur- 
face is generally moiuntainous and well covered with tim- 
ber. The soil in the valleys is fertile. Wheat, corn, oats, 
and grass are the staple ])roducts. Iron, zinc, and lead ores 
are found in the county. The Knoxville, Cumberland 
Gap and LouisA^illo Eailroad intersects the county. 

Tazewell, the county seat, has schools, churches, and a 
weekly newspaper. Coal is found near the town. 

The average assessed value of land is $4.41 per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establisliments in the county, 
67; capital employed, $163,736; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $27,094 ; number of farms, 2,809 ; num- 
ber of acres, 222,536 ; nmnber of acres improved, 113,634 ; 
value of buildings, $493,220 ; value of farming imple^ 
ments and machinery, $89,240 ; value of live stock, $562,- 
313; value of products not fed to live stock, $768,080; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $22,210; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$1,438,580. 



..of G. 



100 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICUI.TURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 558,800 

Wheat 50,150 

Oats 60,140 

Other cereals 249 

Potatoes 28,()99 

Sweet Potatoes . . .' 22,888 

Onions 8,586 

Beans 1,004 

Peas 414 

Value of other vegetables. |27, 888 

Clover seed IS 

Other grass seed 168 

Peanuts 42 

Apples 93,011 



Cherries. 

Peaches 

Pears 

Plums and prunes. 



Wild grasses 

Millet 

Clover, 

Other cultivated grasses . 



116 
885 

285 
389 

TONS. 

89 

879. 

952 

3,570 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for haj' . 869 

Other forage crops 2,835 

Sorghum cane sold 1 

Sorghum sirup (gallons). . 21,679 

Cotton (bales) 2 

Tobacco (pounds) 36,500 

Broom corn (pounds). .. . 5,760 

Dried fruit (pounds) 76,160 

Grapes (pounds) 23,817 

Wine (gallons) 102 

Cider (barrels) 78 

Vinegar (barrels). 73 

NCTMBKR OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 112,019 

Cherry 1,976 

Peach 25,765 

Pear 1,644 

Plum and prune 2,588 

Grapevines 1,989 

Value of forest products. .$62,486 
Value of small fruits..... 1,957 



POULTRY .A.ND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 20,459 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 56,047 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 310,660 

Value of bees on hand 11,403 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 60,700 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 1,520 

VAI<UE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold |122,658 00 

Animals slaughtered 98,074 00 

Total 1220,782 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 4,267 

Sheep 1,423 

Hogs 12,980 



Honses 1,609 

Mules 315 

Asses and burros 24 



Handbook of Tetynessee. 101 

COCKE COUiYTY. 

Population in 1900, 10,153; popnktion in 1890, 16,- 
523. This connty has an-area of about 458 square miles. 
The French Broad "River intersects tlie county, and the 
jS^olachucky Kiver bounds it on the north. Smoky Moiui- 
tain extends along the southeastern border of the county, 
and this section is covered with timber. The soil in the 
valleys is very fertile. The staple products are corn, 
wheat, and grass. The Southern Railway passes through 
the county. 

The county seat is Newport, situated on the Big Pigeon 
River and the Southern Railway, 50 miles east of Knox- 
ville. It has several churches, an electric light plant, a 
flour mill, and a weekly newspaper. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $6.22 
per acre. 

IN" umber of manufacturing establishmemts in the county, 
73 ; capital employed, $550,883 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $42,790; nmuber of farms, 2,534; num- 
ber of acres, 216,048 ; number of acres improved, 107,441 ; 
value of buildings, $444,000 ; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $109,570 ; value of live stock, 
$518,115 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $737,- 
800 ; amount paid for farm labor during the year, $32,- 
750 ; total value of land and improvements, except build- 
ings, $1,873,810. 



102 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 18i>t). 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 588,310 

Wheat 131,450 

Oats 23,180 

Other cereals 1,B24 

Potatoes 13,811 

Sweet potatoes 15,947 

Onions 998 

Beans 1,394 

Peas 4,832 

Value of other vegetables. .|28,070 

Clover seed 304 

Other grass seed 130 

Peanuts 57 

Apples 89,258 

Cherries 41 

Peaches 261 

Pears (537 

Plums and prunes 200 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 14 

Millet 635 

Clover 1,273 

Other cultivated grasses. . 2,217 



Grains cut green for ha3^. 167 

Other forage crops 1,916 

Sorghum cane sold 159 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) . 22,740 

Cotton (bales) 9 

Tobacco (pounds) 86,830 

Broom corn (pounds) 14,950 

Dried fruit (pounds' 28,570 

Grapes (pounds) 44,985 

Wine (gallons) 161 

Cider (barrels) 151 

Vinegar (barrels) 114 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 82,269 

Cherry 1,706 

Peach 23,414 

Pear l-,036 

Plum and prune 1,499 

Grapevines 3,053 

Value of forest products. .$32,962 
Value of small fruits 694 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand | 22,813 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 55,755 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 321,160 

Value of bees on hand. 7,019 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 31,960 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 640 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold |168,310 00 

Animals slaughtered 67,291 00 

Total , $235,601 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 10,669 

Sheep 3,295 

Hogs 22,077 



Horses 2,799 

Mules 1,454 

Asses and burros 17 



Handbook of Tennessee. 103 

GRAI^GEK COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 15,512; population in 1890, 13,- 
106. This country has an area of about 300 square miles. 
It is bounded on the northwest by the Clinch River ; on the 
south, by the llolston River. It has a high-ridge surface 
called " Clinch Mountain." The county is well timbered. 
The soil in the valley is very fertile ; and com, oats, wheat, 
^•rass, cattle, mules, and hogs constitute the staple prod- 
ucts. Fine iron-ore deposits are found in the county. It 
is intersected by the Middlesboro, branch of the Southei-n 
Railway and by the Knoxville and Bristol Railroad. 
There are many noted mineral springs in this county'. 
The averag^e value of improved lands is about $10 per acre. 

Rutledge, the county seat, is located near the base of 
Clinch Mountain, about 33 miles northeast of Knoxville, 
and has good churches and schools. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $6.53 
per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the coimty, 
45 ; capital employed, $60,188 ; amount of wages paid 
during the jear, $10,265; number of farms, 2,069; num- 
ber of acres, 177,829 ; number of acres improved, 103,479 ; 
value of buildings, $520,800 ; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $104,360 ; value of live stock, $430,- 
556; value of products not fed to live stock, $639,648; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $34,420 ; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$1,319,860. 



104 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICUL,TURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS 

Corn 510,500 

Wheat 116,760 

Oats . . . 26,190 

Other cereals 280 

Potatoes 15,167 

Sweet potatoes 16,158 

Onions 2,204 

Beans ' 593 

Peas 990 

Value of other vegetables. $18, 82i 

Clover seed 106 

Other grass seed 162 

Peanuts 39 

Apples 70,903 



Cherries 

Peaches 

Pears 

Plums and prunes 



Wild grasses 

Millet 

Clover 

Other cultivated grasses.. 



92 
302 
445 
523 

TONS. 

29 

1,141 

614 

1,585 



Grains cut green for hay. 

Other forage crops 

Sorghum cane sold 



Sorghum sirup (gallons). 

Cotton (bales) 

Tobacco (pounds) 

Broom corn (pounds).. . . 
Dried fruit (povmds) . . . . 

Grapes (pounds) 

Wine (gallons) . . . 

Cider (barrels). 

Vinegar (barrels) 



TONS. 

939 

2,473 

11 

11,31(> 

2 

17,740 

2,800 

11,740 

19,894 

111 

112 



NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 73,828 

Cherry 891 

Peach 9,198 

Pear 950 

Plum and prune 1,330 

Grapevines 775 

Value of forest products. .131,412 
Value of small fruits 878 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 21,554 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 45,868 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 312,640 

Value of bees on hand 5,544 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 22,770 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 980 

VAI.UE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold |94,504 00 

Animals slaughtered 82,811 00 

Total 1177,315 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 7,769 

Sheep 3,767 

Hogs 15,239 



Horses 2,975 

Mules 1,253 

Asses and burros. 30 



Handbook of Tennessee. 105 

GEEEIS^E COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 30,596; population in 1890, 26,- 
614. This comity borders on Korth Carolina, and has an 
area of about 580 square miles. It is intersected by the 
jSTolachucky River and drained by it and Lick Creek. Its 
surface is partly mountainous and well timbered. Its 
valleys are fertile ; and the staple products are corn, wheat, 
oats, grass, tobacco, and ]X)rk. The Southern Railway in- 
tersects the county. Fine deposits of iron ore and Silurian 
limestone are found in this county. 

Greeneville, the county seat, is on the Southern Railway, 
and is one of the most progressive to"wns in East Tennes- 
see. It has fine churches, an electric liglit plant, welb 
equipped newspaper offices, banks, and business houses. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $5.78 
per acre. 

I^umber of nianuf acturing establishments in the county, 
108; capital employed, $376,644; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $50,054 ; number of farms, 4,188 ; num- 
ber of acres, 355,948 ; number of acres improved, 229,823 ; 
value of buildings, $1,266,850; value of farming im- 
plements and machinery, $270,450; value of live stock, 
$1,016,556; value of products not fed to live stock, $1,- 
396,985; amount paid for farm labor during the year, 
$65,260; total value of land and iniprovements, except 
buildings, $3,830,430. 



106 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



Corn 


BUSHELS. 

761.530 


Wheat 3-25.030 


Oats 

Other cereals 

Potatoes 


.... 72,120 
.... 1,310 
21,566 


Sweet potatoes 


27,587 


Onions 


2,451 


Beans 


668 


Peas 


1.17'^ 


Value of other vegetables. |53, 285 

Clover seed 854 

Other grass seed 367 

Peanuts 51 


Apples 


189,437 


Cherries 

Peaches 

Pears 


879 
... 1,736 

1,388 


Plums and prunes. . . 


161 



Wild grasses 246 

Millet, 1,433 

Clover 3,518 

Other cultivated grasses. . 13,281 



Grains cut green for hay . 571 

Other forage crops 6,7-17 

Sorghum cane sold 228 

Sorghum sirup (gallons). . 35,195 

Tobacco (pounds) 517,150 

Broom corn (pounds) 9,610 

Dried fruit (pounds) 88,380 

Grapes (pounds) 66,718 

Wine (gallons) Ill 

Cider (barrels) 496 

Vinegar (barrels) 412 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 175,688 

Cherry 4,316 

Peach 60,263 

Pear 2,747 

Plum and prune 2,664 

Grapevines 8,448 

Value of forest products. .|59,444 
Value of small fruits 2,999 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 44,514 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 126,725 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 854,770 

Value of bees on hand 14, 144 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 58,920 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 880 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold |234,522 00 

Animals slaughtered 114,447 00 

Total 1348,969 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 21,254 

Sheep 7,101 

Hogs 29 501 



Horses 8,090 

Mules 2,568 

Asses and burros 76 



Handbook of Tennessee. 107 

hambj;ex county. 

Population in 1900, 12,728; population in 1890, 11,-' 
418. This county is bounded on the northwest by the 
Holston River; on the south, by the French Broad River; 
and has an area of about 150 square miles. The surface 
is undulating', and the soil is fertile. The Southern Rail- 
way intersects the couutj. Grass, fruit, and live stock 
are the principal products of the county. It is one of the 
best fruit counties in the Eastern Division of the State. 

MorristowTi, the county . seat, is situated on. the Hol- 
ston River and the Southern Railway. It is a flounsh- 
ing- toAvn, with a population of 2,973. It has splendid 
churches, good schools, numerous manufacturing establish- 
ments, se^'eral banks, many prosperous business houses, and 
several well-equipped newspaper establishments. 

The average assessed value of land in the county in 1900 
was $10.81 per acre. 

[NTumber of manufacturing establislunents in the county, 
61 ; capital employed, $172,651 ; amount of wages paid 
during: the year, $22,594 ; number of farms, 1,207 ; nmu- 
ber of acres, 107,071 ; number of acres improved, 76,183 ; 
value of buildings, $464,130 ; value of fanning" imple- 
ments and machinery, $101,660 ; value of live stock, $338,- 
828 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $524,582 ; 
amomit paid for farm labor during the year, $34,520 ; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$1,385,170. 



108 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICULTURAI, PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHKLS. 

Corn 347,850 

Wheat 142,010 

Oats 14,!»!)0 

Other cereals 4"20 

Potatoes 8,815 

Sweet potatoes 12,148 

Onions 845 

Beans 241 

Peas 900 

Value of other vegetables. $17,914 

Clover seed 325 

Other grass seed 3,229 

Peanuts <!0 

Apples 44,489 

Cherries 103 

Peaches 1,171 

Pears 866 

Plums and prunes 169 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 11 

Millet 1,755 

Clover 1,123 



TONS. 

Other cuUivated grasses. . 2,036 

Grain- cut green for hay.. 773 

Other forage crops 1 , 145 

Sorghum cane sold 104 

Sorghum sirup (gallons). 11,922 

Tobacco (pounds) 8,380 

Broom corn (pounds) 3,440 

Dried fruit (pounds) 10,740 

Grapes (pounds") 102,207 

Wine (gallons).' 191 

Cider (barrels) 135 

Vinegar (barrels) Ill 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 51,118 

Cherry 930 

Peach 11,274 

Pear 1,447 

Plum and prune 1.287 

Grapevines 19,961 

Value of forest products. .|29,466 
Value of small fruits 2,803 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 16,140 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 35,802 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899. 219,820 

Value of bees on hand 3,489 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 13,740 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 210 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 90,804 00 

Animals slaughtered 40,284 00 

Total $131,088 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 6,021 

Sheep 1,037 

Hogs 11,316 



Horses 2,622 

Mules 988 

Asses and burros 25 



Handbook of Tennessee. 109 

HAMILTON COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 61,695; population in 1890, 53,- 
482. This county has an area of 575 square miles. Cum- 
berland Mountain occupies the northAvestern part. It has 
a varied and fertile soil, well adapted to the growth of 
all kinds of crops, including the different gTains, grasses, 
fruits, and vegetables. Tiiick farming is carried on to a 
considerable extent; and large quantities of beans, peas, 
onions, tomatoes — and, in fact, almost every laiown. veg- 
etable — are shipped from Chattanooga to the Northern 
markets. The tinick farmer always finds a ready market 
at good prices, and the length of the growing season makes 
it possible sometimes to grow three crops in one year on 
the same groiuid. Fruit gr(3wing is receiving considerable 
attention, and is steadily gTovv'ing in importance; and 
while other fruits can be grown to perfection, the groAving 
of strawberries is the most important. Large shipments 
of this berry are made every year. The poult.r\^ and daii'y 
business is also profitable to those engaged in it. Prices 
of farms are reasonal^le, varying from $10 to $100 per 
acre, according to the improvements and distance from the 
city and railway. The staple products are corn, wheat, 
oats, cattle, and hogs. Splendid mines of bitmninous coal 
and iron ore are being actively operated. The coimty is 
traversed by the Cincinnati Southern Railroad ; the Chat- 
tanooga Southern Railroad ; the Nashville, Chattanooga 
and St. Louis Railway ; and the Southern Iiailway. There 
are eleven free turnpikes in the county. Lookout Moun- 
tain is situated in the southern half of the county, and is 
famed for its splendid scenery. It is noted as a health 
resort as well as on account of its historic interest. 

Chattanooga, the county seat, is located at the foot of 
Lookout Mountain, on the Tennessee River, and is the 
largest city situated immediately on its course. It is the 
gateway between the Middle and Eastern States and the 
Southern States. Its river and railroad connections fur- 



110 Handbook of Tennessee. 

nish first-class transponation facilities. There are 10 rail- 
roads entering the city. It has 21 miles of paved streets, 
37 miles of sewers, a steel bridge over the Tennessee 
River, and numerous handsome buildings. It has electric 
light plants; telegraphic and telephonic connections with 
all points; and 116 miles of electric and steam railway 
lines, reaching all points in the city and suburbs — fare, 5 
cents. It has 118 churches in the city and suburbs, with 
many fine church buildings, representing all denomina- 
tions. It is well supplied with a pumping and reservoir 
system, with filters, costing over $1,000,000. It has one 
of the best public school systems in the Soutli, besides 
three colleges and many private schools. It is one of the 
healthiest cities in the United States. The annual death 
rate among the whites averages 10 to 1,000. The many 
manufacturing and agricultural interests surrounding 
Chattanooga make it a gi'eat commercial point. The ele- 
vation of the city is 700 feet; the elevation of the moun- 
tain, 2,000 feet. Hotel accommodations are excellent, 
banking facilities are ample, and the newspapers are 
imbued with the enterprising spirit of the city. The 
points of historic interest which may be mentioned 
are the il^ational Cemetery, Orchard Knob, Missionary 
Ridge, Lookout Mountain, and the great National Mili- 
tary Park at Chickamauga. The manufacturing inter- 
ests of the city are very much diversified, including iron, 
steel, wood, textiles, leather, marble, slate, clay, oil, furni- 
ture, flour, glass, drug's, medicines, groceries, etc. There 
are 332 manufacturing plants in operation in the city. It 
is estimated that since the census of 1900 was taken there 
has been an increase of 3,000 in the population, giving the 
city and suburbs a total population of 50,000. The whole- 
sale trade amounts annually to about $20,000,000. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $14.41 
per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
392 ; capital employed, $8,793,053 ; amount of wages paid 



Handbook ob^ Tennessee. 



Ill 



during the year, $2,076,521; number of farms, 1,665; 
number of acres, 138,182 ; number of acres improA^ed, 67.- 
794; value of buildings, $558,680; value of farming im- 
plements and machinerv, $131,880; value of live stock, 
$408,449 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $696,- 
166; amount paid for farm labor during the year, $81,~ 
460 ; total value of land and improvements, except build- 
ings, $2,231,480. 

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 448,840 

Wheat .■ 26,700 

Oats 22,850 

Other cereals 1,020 

Potatoes 18,503 

Sweet Potatoes 23,305 

Onions l,7t)4 

Beans 420 

Peas 6,129 

Value of other vegetables. $56, 824 

Peanuts 225 

Apples 19,366 

Cherries 7 

Peaches 150 

Pears 37 

Plums and prunes 117 

TONS. 

"Wild grasses 583 

Millet 3,319 

Clover 305 

Other cultivated grasses. . 1,168 



Grains cut green for hay. . 1,455 

Other forage crops 1,686 

Sorghum cane sold 12 

Sorghum sirup (gallons). . 9,179 

Cotton (bales) 12 

Tobacco (pounds) 5,590 

Broom corn (pounds) 1,250 

Grapes (pounds) 58,343 

Wine (gallons) 300 

Cider (barrels) 3 

Vinegar (barrels) 1 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple.....' 139,655 

Cherry 6,296 

Peach 117,615 

Pear 8,350 

Plum and prune 7,230 

Grapevines 23,122 

Value of forest products. .|25,632 
Value of small fruits 91,936 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand | 15,738 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 25,467 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 226,270 

Value of bees on hand 5,083 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 21,620 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 380 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 38,161 00 

Animals slaughtered 50,266 00 

Total I 88,417 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 

Cattle 8,946 | Horses 4,157 

Sheep 2,269 

Hogs 14,766 



Mules 2,189 

Asses and burros 32 



112 Handbook of Tennessee. 

HAm:^OOK COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 11,1-17; population in 1890, 10,- 
342. This county borders on Virginia, and lias an area 
of 260 square miles. It is intersected by the Clinch River. 
Its surface is partly mountainous and covered with a fine 
gro^vth of timber. It is rich in all kinds of minerals, in- 
cluding iron ore, lead ore, zinc, marble, granite, ocher, phos- 
phates, coal oil, coal, and some silver. It has fine gran- 
ite and marble building stone arid splendid timber lands. 
The climate is genial and of even temperature ; the water 
is pure and abundant; tlie valleys are very fertile. There 
are some unimproved timber and mineral lands ; average 
price, about $10 per acre. The best improved bottom 
lands are worth about $75 per acre. Corn, wheat, oats, 
fruit, and pork are its staple products. The county has 
fine water power and a projected line of railway. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $4.76 
per acre. 

Sneedville, the county seat, is situated on the Clinch 
River, 50 miles northeast of Knoxville. 

ISTumber of manTif acturing establishments in the county, 
28 ; capital employed, $24,623 ; amount of wag'es i>aid dur- 
ing the year, $1,798 ; number of farms, 1,623 ; number of 
acres, 121,519; number of acres improved, 65,133; value 
of buildings, $285,560; value of farming implements 
and machinery, $50,770; value of live stock, $324,485: 
value of products not fed to live stock, $470,001 ; amomiT 
paid for farm labor during the year, $15,410; total value 
of land and improvements, except buildings, $1,051,130. 



Handbook of Tennessee, 



113 



AGRICUIvTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 367,150 

Wheat 29,710 

Oats 26,630 

.Other cereals 70 

Potatoes 13,221 

Sweet potatoes 9,390 

Onions 1,313 

Beans 687 

Peas 70 

Value of other vegetables. $12, 736 

Grass seed 59 

Peanuts 18 

Apples 88,256 



Cherries . 

Peaches 

Pears 

Plums and prunes. 



Wild grasses 

Millet 

Clover 

Other cultivated grasses. 



123 
312 

99 
50 

TONS. 

. 4 
377 
440 

1,691 



Grains cut green for hay.. 131 

Other forage crops 892 

Sorghum cane sold 92 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) . . 11,837 

Cotton (bales) . 1 

Tobacco (pounds) 34,460 

Broom corn (pounds) 580 

Dried fruit (pounds) 116,790 

Grapes (pounds) 2,385 

Wine (gallons) 4 

Cider (barrels) 8S 

Vinegar (barrels) 38 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 68,622 

Cherrv 613 

Peach 2,860 

Pear 243 

Plum and prune 771 

Grapevines 192 

Value of forest products. .f41,631 
Value of small fruits. . . . 509 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 13,871 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 , . . 33,050 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 161,440 

Value of bees on hand 6,319 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 25,680 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 740 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 92,908 00 

Animals slaughtered 59,854 00 

Total 1152,762 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 6,084 

Sheep 4,520 

Hogs 12,817 



Horses 1,933 

Mules 1,038 

Asses and burros 38 



114 Handbook of Tennessee. 

HAWKINS COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 24,267; population in 1890, 22,- 
246. This county is in tlie Eastern Division of the State, 
bordering' on Virginia, and has an area of about 490 square 
miles. ' It is intersected by the Tennessee River, and is 
bounded on the northwest by Clinch Mountain. Its sur- 
face is hilly ; its valleys are fertile ; while the county is 
well covered with a fine growth of timber, including; the 
numerous kinds of hardwoods and soft woods common to 
the South. Among the minerals of the county are iron, 
zinc, lead, barytes, magnesia, iron pyrites, salt, marble, and 
oil. Its staple products are com, wheat, oats, grass, cattle, 
hogs, and sheep ; while perhaps no county in the State of its 
population ships more chickens, eggs, butter, etc., than does 
Hawkins. The Southern Railway passes through the southern 
portion of the county. A franchise has been secured for an 
electric railway over the public roads of the county, and a 
movement is on foot to build an electric line of railway 
through from Knoxville to Bristol, which road, when com- 
pleted, will run directly through the center of the count,y 
froin one end to the other. It is finely watered by nu- 
merous large creeks, thus affording cheap power for all 
manufacturing purposes ; while the many mineral springs 
— including sulphur, chalybeate, lithia, alum, etc. — place 
it far ahead of any section in the entire South as a health 
and pleasure resort. 

Rogersville, the county seat, is situated on the Southern 
Railway, and is among the best business towns of its size 
in the State. It is near the Tennessee River. Its streets 
are well paved, and it has a fine electric light plant, five 
churches, three prosperous schools, two banks, and tliree 
newspapers. One mile from the depot is a quarry, from 
which is mined a beautiful variegated marble, wliioh for 
decorative and interior use is pronounced the most desir- 
able found in the United States. A fine mineral well is 
located in the center of the Public Square, affording pure, 



Handbook of Tennessee. 115 

health-giving water to all visitors. Its population in 1900 
was 1,386. 

The average assessed value of land for 1900 was $6.47 
per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the countv, 
81 ; capital employed, $89,209 ; amount of wages paid dur- 
ing the year, $19,174; number of fanns, 3,263; number 
of acres, 281,924; number of acres improved, 150,298; 
value of buildings, $876,530 ; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $149,390 ; value of live stock, 
$773,068 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $1,094,- 
155 ; amount paid for farm labor during the year, $68,- 
620 ; total value of land and improvements, except build- 
ings, $2,589,680. 



116 



IIa2^"^dbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 796,080 

Wheat 137,<55() 

Oats 57,080 

Other cereals 595 

Potatoes 26,9(58 

Sweet potatoes 26,490 

Onions 2,299 

Beans 7B7 

Peas 894 

Value of other vegetables. $41, 680 

Clover seed -540 

Other grass seed 972 

Peanuts 28 

Apples 162,210 

Cherries 122 

Peaches 480 

Pears 685 

Plums and prunes 192 



Wild grasses 1 

Millet 1,864 

Clover 2,661 



Other cultivated grasses. . 9,470 

Grains cut green for hay . 1,237 

Other forage crops 3,790 

Sorghum cane sold 52 

Sorghum sirup (gallons). . 35,830 

Cotton (bales) 1 

Tobacco (pounds) 60,050 

Broom corn (pounds) 1,220 

Dried fruit (pounds) 46,900 

Grapes ( pounds) 26,040 

Wine (gallons) 122 

Cider ( barrels) 266. 

Vinegar (barrels) 220 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 126,384 

Cherry 1,699 

Peach 13,973 

Pear 1,416 

Plum and prune 1,246 

Grapevines 1.603 

Value of forest products. .|73,559 
Value of small fruits 1,356 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 36,349 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 81,234 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 458,910 

Value of bees on hand 11,870 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 54,190 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 1,320 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $214,567 00 

Animals slaughtered 111,292 00 

Total $325,859 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 16.131 

Sheep 8,580 

Hogs 22,875 



Horses 5,409 

Mules 1,792 

Asses and burros 62 



Handbook of Tennessee. 117 

JAMES COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 5,407; population in 1890, 4,90-3. 
This county has an area of 210 square miles, and is 
bounded on the west by the Tennessee River. Its surface 
is rolling-, and the soil is partly fertile. The county is 
traversed by the Southern Railway. The value of im- 
proved lands is about $-20 per acre. There is a large acre- 
age of unimproved lands, the average price being about $5 
per acre. 

Ooltewah, the county seat, is located on the Southern 
Railway. It has churches and schools, two fine flouring 
mills, one bank, and a pottery manufacturing plant. 

There are valual)le iron ores found in the county, mostly 
nndeveloped. Cheap lands, a healthful climate, and a low 
tax rate offer induceinents t*") home seekers. The average 
assessed value of lands in 1900 was $5.42 per acre. 

ISTumber of manufacturing establishments in the countv, 
20; capital employed, $123,462; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $16,222 ; number of farms, 719 ; nmnber 
of acres, 85,517 ; nmnber of acres improved, 38,236 ; value 
of buildings, $15-!:,890; value of farming implements and 
machinery', $44,590; value of live stock, $172,219; value 
of products not fed to live stock, $275,402 ; amount paid 
for fann labor during the year, $16,320 ; total value of 
land and improvements, elcept buildings, $729,990. 



118 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHKLS. 

Corn '273,610 

Wheat :.'9,550 

Oats 5,860 

Other cereals 80 

Potatoes 2,(5(54 

Sweet potatoes 11 ,198 

Onions 844 

Beans 50 

Peas 730 

Value of other vegetables. |12, 199 

Clover seed 93 

Peanuts 13 

Apples 0,792 

Cherries 3 

Peaches 300 

Pears 110 

Plums and prunes . 78 



Wild grasses 

Millet 

Clover 

Other cultivated grasses. 



1(57 
589 
441 
647 



Grains cut green for hay. 

Other forage crops 

Sorghum cane sold 



369 

204 

79 



Sorghum sirup (gallons) . . 4,773 

Cotton (bales) 37 

Tobacco (pounds) 7,410 

Broom corn (pounds) 340 

Dried fruit (pounds) 360 

Grapes (pounds) 21,(500 

Wine (gallons) 57 

Cider (barrels). 6 

Vinegar 4 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TRF.ES. 

Apple 37,154 

Cherrv 1 ,043 

Peach 16,939 

Pear 1,110 

Plum and prune 3,607 

Grapevines * . . 2,396 

Value of forest products. .$18,971 

Value of small fruits 2,290 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 7,225 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 '. 13,400 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 144,440 

Vnlue of bees on hand 2,011 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 7,020 00 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 110 



VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold |34,310 00 

Animals slaughtered 28,823 00 



Total. 



5,133 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 3,131 

Sheep 1 ,802 

Hogs 7,061 



Horses 

Mules 

Asses and burros. 



866 

946 

14 



Handbook of Tennessee. 119 

JEFFERSON COUNTY. 

Popailation in 1900, 18,590; population in 1890, 16,- 
478. This county has an area of 310 square miles, and is 
bounded on the nortliwest by the Holston River and inter- 
sected bv the French Broad River. Its surface is marked 
by high ridges and fertile valleys. It has a fine timber 
growth of oak, hickoiy, maple, poplar, ash, gum, and syc- 
amore. Iron ore and limestone are found in paying quan- 
tities. Wheat, corn, oats, grasses, fruit, and pork are the 
staple products. The Southern Railway intersects the 
county. 

Dandridge, the county seat,* lies three miles north of the 
French Broad River. It is a flourishing town, with a 
weekly newspaper, a bank^ good churches, and flourish- 
ing commercial and manufacturing establishments. 

Mossy Creek and Jefferson City are floitrishing towns in 
the county, with weekly newspapers, schools, churches, com- 
mercial establishments, and manufacturing enterprises. 

The average assessed value of lands in 1900 was $10.21 
per acre. 

Number of manufactttring establishments in the cotmty, 
90; capital employed, $229,905; aniotmt of wages paid 
during the year, $27,170 ; number of farms, 2,162 ; num- 
ber of acres, 188,557 ; number of acres improved, 125,618 ; 
valtie of ])uildings, $800,080 ; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $173,510; valite of live stock, $596,- 
325; value of products not fed to live stock, $1,014,949; 
amoimt paid for farm labor during the year, $64,040 ; to- 
tal value of land and improvements, except btiildings, 
$2,681,490. 



120 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 733,010 

Wheat 244,480 

Oats 27,070 

Other cereals 1,090 

Potatoes 10,598 

Sweet potatoes 19,523 

Onions 1,931 

Beans 798 

Peas 3,693 

Clover seed 781 

Other grass seed 1,286 

Peaniits 158 

Apples 86,046 

Cherries 69 

Peaches 1 ,369 

Pears 2.591 

Plums and prunes 635. 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 196 

Millet 3,111 

Clover 2,257 

Other cultivated grasses. . 5,616 



Grains cut green for hay. . 981 

Other forage crops 8,017 

Sorghum cane sold 145 

Sorghum sirup (gallons). . 23,800 

Cotton (bales) 1 

Tobacco (pounds) 19,540 

Broom corn (pounds).. . . 12,560 

Dried fruit (pounds) 8,780 

Grapes (pounds) 45,219 

Wine (gallons) 74 

Cider (barrels) 238 

Vinegar (barrels) 182 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 66,625 

Cherrv 593 

Peach 25,592 

Pear 2,166 

Plum and prune 1,457 

Grapevines 3,960 

Value of forest products. .$52,699 

Value of small fruits 2,127 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 25.336 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 56,904 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 441,580 

Value of bees on hand 4,244 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 18,750 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 560 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899 

Live animals sold $187,973 00 

Animals slaughtered 88,676 00 

Total $276,649 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 10,697 

Sheep 2,736 

Hogs 21,711 



Horses 4,408 

Mules 1,567 

Asses and burros 89 



Handbook of Tennessee. 121 

JOHNSON COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 10,589 ; population in 1890, 8,858. 
This county has an area of 340 square miles, and borders 
on Virginia and North Carolina. The Watauga River 
drains a part of the countj. The surface of the county 
is mountainous, with fertile vallej'S. The grazing is fine 
for sheep and cattle. It has a timber growth of chestnut, 
ash, oak, and other varieties. The soil in its valleys pro- 
duces corn, wheat, oats, grasses, etc. Iron ore is found 
in the county. 

Mountain City is the county seat. It has a weekly news- 
paper, schools, churches, and commercial establishments. 

The average assessed value of lands in 1900 was $3.65 
per acre^ 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
42 ; capital employed, $45,742 ; amount of wages paid dur- 
ing the year, $5,345 ; number of farms, 1,429 ; nmnber 
of acres, 122,570; number of acres improved, 55,992; 
value of buildings, $404,380; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $60,680 ; value of live stock, 302,- 
537 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $418,081 ; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $24,930 ; to- 
tal value of land and improvements, except buildings, $1,- 
392,290. 



122 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICULTURAIv PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 224,190 

Wheat 34,500 

Oats 69,900 

Other cereals 5,450 

Potatoes 20,662 

Sweet potatoes 5,650 

Onions 1 ,397 

Beans 2,408 

Peas 224 

Value of other vegetables. $14, 230 

Peanuts 15 

Apples 210,800 

Cherries 104 

Peaches 333 

Pears 87 

Plums and prunes 51 

TONS. 

36 

185 

4,214 

10 



Millet 

Clover 

Other cultivated grasses. 
Grains cut green for hay. 



Other forage crops. 
Sorghum cane sold. 



1,788 
12 



Sorghum sirup (gallons). . 24,966 

Tobacco (pounds) 10,860 

Broom corn (pounds) 730 

Dried fruit (pounds) 256,730 

Grapes (pounds) 27,678 

Wine (gallons) 181 

Cider (barrels) 80 

Vinegar \ barrels) 56 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 64,848 

Cherrv 693 

Peach 5,911 

Pear 273 

Plum and prnne 228 

Grapevines 1 ,962 

Value of forest products.. 122,036 
Value of small fruits 523 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 9,006 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 21,454 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 97,690 

Value of bees on hand. . 4,727 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 22,110 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 72,268 00 

Animals slaughtered 51 ,446 00 

Total $123,714 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 7,216 

Sheep 8,087 

Hogs 7,117 



Horses 1,529 

Mules 592 

Asses and burros 11 



Hajtdbook of Tennessee. 123 

KXOX COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 74,302; population in 1890, 59,- 
557. This county has an area of about 612 square iniles. 
The Clinch River forms the Avestem boundary of the 
county, and there are many rich fanns in the valley along 
this stream. The Holston and Trench Broad Rivers form 
a junction four miles east of Knoxville, making the Ten- 
nessee River. The farms are very rich and prod\ictive 
along the banks of these streams, and the other valleys 
worthy of special mention are Grassy and Beaver. Im- 
proved valley lands range in price between $20 and $100 
]>er acre. The county owns about 200 miles of fine mac- 
adamized turnpikes, which reach every important section 
of the count V. The lands in the immediate vicinity of 
Knoxville are well adapted to truck farming. iVll kinds 
of vegetables and fruits adapted to the climate are profita- 
bly grown aro'und Knoxville, which furnishes a ready mar- 
ket. There is an abundance of grasses, the hay products 
being the most valuable. Excellent schools and churches 
of the various denominations are distributed throughout 
the county. An invigorating climate, good society, and 
arood lands are inducements offered to home seekers. 

Knoxville, the county seat, is beautifully situated on 
the bank of the Tennessee River. The city has 120 miles 
of good streets; 27 milgs of sewers; an abundance of good 
water; an electric light plant; a gas plant; 27 miles of 
electric car lines; one steam motor line, starting near the 
center of the city and reaching a suburb. Fountain City, 5 
miles distant. The following are the railroads entering the 
city: Southern Railway; Knoxville and Ohio Railroad; 
Knoxville, Cumberland Gap and Louisville Railroad; At- 
lanta, Knoxville and ISTorthem Railroad; and Knoxville 
and Augusta Railroad; and, with their various branches, 
they reach all important points, furnishing ample ship- 
ping facilities to the leading markets. The wholesale 
trade of the city is very extensive, and its manufacturing 



124 Handbook of Tennessee. 

interests are steadily growing-. The Fedei-al courts and 
the State Supreme Court for East Tennessee are held at 
Knoxville, The government buildings are among the 
finest in the State. On account of the number of churches 
and schools, Knoxville is known as a religious and educa- 
tional center. The University of Tennessee, the State 
School for the Deaf and Dumb, and the Insane Asylum 
for the Eastern Division of the State are located here. 
The public schools are equal to any in the State, and there 
are numeroiis private institutions of learning located in 
this city. The shops of the Southern Railway are located 
at this point. Knoxville has many fine residences and 
all the conveniences of au up-to-date city. The magnifi- 
cent scenery around it makes it one of the most attractive 
places of residence in the State. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $16. 6G. 

ISTumber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
336; capital emiployed, $61,182,803; amount of wages 
paid during the year, $1,686,822; number of farms, 
3,862; number of acres, 290,955; number of acres im- 
proved, 188,771; value of buildings, $1,739,620; value 
of farming implements and machinery, $354,410; value 
of live stock, $957,296; value of products not fed to live 
stock, $1,776,044; amount paid for fann labor during 
the year, $188,710; total value of land and improvements, 
except buildings, $5,644,870. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



125 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 906,(580 

Wheat 188,500 

Oats 77,450 

Other cereals 2,(570 

Potatoes 43,609 

Sweet potatoes (58,165 

Onions 13,662 

Beans 75B 

Peas 4,098 

Value of other vegetables $142,236 

Clover seed 201 

Other grass seed 337 

Peanuts 389 

Apples 140,088 

Cherries 538 

Peaches 1,623 

Pears 1,890 

Plums and prunes 2,611 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 476 

Millet 8,2:)0 

Clover 2,376 

Other cultivated grasses. . 10,130 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay.. 4,270 

Other forage crops 8,347 

Sorghum cane sold 9 

Sorghum sirup (gallons). 32,415 

Cotton (bales) 1 

Tobacco (pounds).. 18,000 

Broom corn (pounds) 3,070 

Dried fruit (pounds) 14,960 

Grapes (pounds) 5(50,495 

Wine (gallons) 2,351 

Cider (barrels) 517 

Vinegar (barrels) 389 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 340,992 

Cherry 18,285 

Peach 119,986 

Pear 19,334 

Plum and prune 18,697 

Grapevines 99,528 

Value of forest products. .|61,745 
Value of .small fruits 32,557 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 35,511 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 73,215 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 587,290 

Value of bees on hand 7, 103 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 31,940 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $164,284 00 

Animals slaughtered 125, 1 55 00 



Total 1289,439 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 18,842 

Sheep 1,902 

Hogs 19,397 



Horses 8,134 

Mules 3,361 

Asses and burros ........ 132 



126 Handbook of Tennessee. 

LOITDOX COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 10,838 ; population in 1890, 9,273. 
This oonntj has an area of 256 square miles. It is 
bounded on the north bj the Clinch Hiver, intersected by 
the Holston River, and drained by the Little Tennessee 
River. The surface is hilly, but the soil is fertile. There 
is a fine forest growth in the county, and the price of land 
ranges from $5 tO' $25 per acre. There are good openings 
in the county for marble works and furniture factories. 
The county is intersected by the Southern Railway. 

Loudon, the county seat, is situated on the Tennessee 
River and the Southern Railway. It is a fine sliipping 
point to Chattanooga by river; has splendid schools, 
churches, a weekly newspaper, and general stores. 

The average assessed value of land for 1900 was $9.13 
per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
56 ; capital employed, $873,936 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $93,064; number of farms, 1,206; nmn- 
ber of acres, 139,819 ; number of acres improved, 81,356 ; 
value of buildings, $429,470 ; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $111,990 ; value of live stock, $346,- 
436; value of products not fed to live stock, $514,591; 
amoimt paid for farm labor during the year, $43,160; 
t«tal value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$1,484,560. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



127 



AGRICUI.TURA"L PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



Corn 

Wheat 

Oats 

Other cereals 

Potatoes 

Sweet potatoes 

Onions 

Beans 

Peas 

Value of other vegetables. 

Clover seed 

Peanuts 

Apples 

Cherries 

Peaches 

Pears 

Plums and prunes 



BUSHKLS. 

. 407,550 
..145,2(30 

, . 28,540 

140 

, . 4,835 

. . 9,839 

485 

1(31 

. . 4,743 

;23,19(3 

41 

■ 147 

21,(327 

65 

86 



Wild grasses 

Millet 

Clover 

Other cultivated grasses . 



92 

TONS. 

116 
810 

768 
2,116 



Grains cut green for hay.. 1,820 

Other forage crops 4,026 

Sorghum cane sold 214 

Sorghum sirup (gallons).. 9,141 

Cotton (bales) 2 

Tobacco (pounds) 11,100 

Broom corn (pounds) 3,110 

Dried fruit (pounds) 2,850 

Grapes ( pounds) 49,462 

Wine (gallons) 681 

Cider (barrels) 38 

Vinegar (barrels) 32 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 32,621 

Cherry 969 

Peach 11,081 

Pear 793 

Plum and prune 749 

Grapevines 6,829 

Value of forest products. .|3 1,475 
Value of small fruits 1,291 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 11,645 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 24,450 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 171,990 

Value of bees on hand 3,752 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 14,880 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 76,270 00 

Animals slaughtered 48,540 00 



Total $124,810 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 6,370 

Sheep 2,150 

Hogs 11,999 



Horses 2,232 

Mules 1,345 

Asses and burros 37 



128 Handbook of Tennessee. 

M'MI^^N COLT^TTT. 

Population in 1900, 19,163; population in 1890, 17,- 
890. This is an Eastern Division county, witli an area 
of 452 square miles, and is bo'unded on the northwest by 
the Hiwassee River. Its surface is well covered with for- 
ests. The soil is very fertile in the valleys. The Soutli- 
ern Railway intersects the county. Com, wheat, oats, 
grasses, and pork are the staple products. 

Athens, the county seat, is situated on the Southern 
Railway, about 55 miles southwest of Knoxville. It has 
a fine electric light plant, churches, good schools, the 
U. S. Grant University, and storehouses. Its population 
in 1900 was 1,849. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $5.34 
per acre. 

]Sr umber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
81; capital employed, $366,702; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $53,086 ; number of farms, 2,542 ; num- 
ber of acres, 268,704 ; number of acres improved, 149,149 ; 
value of buildings, $661,290; value of farming imple- 
ments and ma.chiner)", $188,640 ; value of live stock, 
$622,849 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $982,- 
532 ; amoimt paid for farm labor during the year, $43,- 
390; total value of land and improvements, except build- 
ings, $1,995,310. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



129 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 784,040 

Wheat 143,760 

Oats 27,770 

Other cereals 185 

Potatoes 9,904 

Sweet potatoes 19,1S2 

Onions 1,085 

Beans 832 

Peas 37,512 

Value of other vegetables. $34,437 

Clover seed 198 

Other grass seed 401 

Peanuts 310 

Apples 118,723 

Cherries 138 

Peaches 8,477 

Pears 3«8 

Plums and prunes 961 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 1,047 

Millet 2,152 

Clover 739 

Other cultivated grasses.. 4,247 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay. . 2,582 

Other forage crops 3,736 

Sorghum cane sold 29 

Scrghum sirup (gallons).. 26,802 

Cotton (bales) 391 

Tobacco (pounds) 15,460 

Broom corn (pounds) . . . 1,540 

Dried fruit (pounds) 2,540 

Grapes (pounds) 94,900 

Wine (gallons) 73 

Cider (barrels) 56 

Vinegar ( barrels) 40 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 79,585 

Cherr}' 2,718 

Peach 38,947 

Pear 2,175 

Plum and prune 4,646 

Grapevines 11,092 

Value of forest products. .149,614 
Value of small fruits. . . . 1,351 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultrv on hand $ 24,518 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 46,667 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 365,900 

Value of bees on hand 6,597 00 

Pounds of honey (.reduced in 1899 42,030 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold |1 21,787 00 

Animals slaughtered 82,632 00 

Total 1204,869 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 11,718 

Sheep 4,512 

Hogs 20,840 



Horses 3,755 

Mules 2,599 

Asses and burros. ...... 54 



130 Handbook of Tennessee. 

MAKIO^T COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 17,281 ; population in 1890, 15,411. 
This county is boiinrled on the east by Hamilton County, 
and borders on Alabama and Georgia. Tt has an area of 
500 square miles. Tt is intersected by the Sequatcliie 
River, and is touched by the Tennessee River on the south- 
eaet corner. The surface is broken by high ridg'es run- 
ning- parallel with Cmnberland ^Tountain. The soil is 
fertile, with fine fore.*ts in many localities. The sta- 
ple products are corn, cotton, oats, wdieat, hay, and pork. 
Several mines of bituminous coal are found in the county. 
South Pittsburg, Jasper, and Whitwell are three flour- 
ishing towns. South Pittsburg is situated on the Se- 
quatchie River and the iSTashville, Chattanooga and St. 
Louis Railway. 

Jasper, the county seat, is situated on the Sequatchie 
River and the ISTashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Rail- 
way, and has several churches, schools, and stores. 

Coal is mined near each of the three above-mentionod 
to"\vns. There is a considerable amount of improved and 
unimproved land throughout the connty, which can be pur- 
chased at a reasonable price. The inducements to home 
seekers are very inviting. The average assessed value of 
land for 1900 was $4.15 per acre. 

]Sr umber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
53 ; capital employed, $1,884,347 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $236,066 ; number of farms, 1,186 ; num- 
ber of acres, 123,181 ; nmnber of acres improved, 50,154; 
value of buildings, $350,260; value of fanning imple- 
ments and macliinery, $84,790 ; value of live stock, $352,- 
228 : value of products not fed to live stock, $461,085 ; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $22,110; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildingSv 
$1,238,750. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



131 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 





BUSHELS. 


Corn 


.451,050 


Wheat 


. -VS,WA) 


Uats 


8,900 


Other cereals 


210 


Potatoes 


9,05(5 


Sweet potatoes 


. 18,()12 


Onions 


. i,i;]9 


Beans 


159 


Peas 


1 "'.^i 


Value of other ve'^^claljlts.^ 2 .,:':91 


Peanuts 


S! 


Apples 


. i:],;]42 


Cherries 


101 


Peaches 


2SS) 


Pears 


1)9 


Plums and prunes ..... 


90 




TONS- 


Wild grasses 


9S 


Millet 


;5;]7 


Clover 


128 


Other cultivated grasses. 


S4:5 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay . 2,719 

Other forage crops 818 

Sorghum cane sold 34 

Sorghum sirup i gallons). . 10,248 

Tobacco ( pounds) ;J,850 

Broom corn (pounds) ... ;}0 

Dried fruit i pounds) .. . . ;5,500 

Grapes i pounds ) 91, 120 

Wine I gallons! 39B 

«. ider (barre's 1(5 

Vinegar (barrels) 10 

NTMBKR OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 80,182 

Cherry 2,999 

Peach 31,223 

Pear 1,346 

Plum and prune 6,192 

Grapevines 21,152 

Value of forest products. .|;42,613 
Value of small fruits 713 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 12,00") 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 IS, 302 0I> 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 209.8('0 

Value of bees on hand 8,94(5 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 43,550 

VALUE OF .ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 47,040 00 

Animals slaughtered 57,93(i 00 



Total 1104,97(5 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 7,033 

Sheep 3,999 

Hogs 18,553 



Horses 


... 1,875 


Mules 


. . 1,646 


Asses and burros 


48 



132 Handbook ok Tennessee. 

MEIGS COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 7,491 ; population in 1890, 6,0;]0. 
This county has an area of about 200 square miles. It 
is 45 miles in length and al^out 6 or 8 miles in width, and 
is bounded on the west by the Tennessee River the entire 
length. The Iliwassee River crosses the southern por- 
tion. River and valley lands are very fertile, and are 
worth from $20 to $100 per acre; ridge and timber lands, 
from $2 to $10 per acre. Corn, wheat, oats, hogs, hay, 
cattle, sheep, horses, and mules are the principal products. 

Decatur, the county seat, is located 214 miles east of 
the Tennessee River. 

The county is well supplied with stores, schools, and 
churches. The average assessed value of land in 1900 was 
$5.97 per acre. 

l^umber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
25 ; capital employed, $64,338 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $5,468; number of farms, 983; number 
of acres, 124,918; number of acres improved, 64,248; 
value of buildings, $282,580 ; value of fanning imple- 
ments and machinery, $75,000; value of live stock, $304,- 
499 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $461,926 ; 
amount paid for farm labor during tlie year, $24,680; 
total value of land and im]>rovements, except buildings, 
$1,212,460. 



Handuook of Texnessee. 



133 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 18!)9. 



Corn 497,i:rt(> 

Wheat 47,()tiU 

Oats 25,240 

Other cereals 00 

Potatoes 3,641 

Sweet potatoes ... 7,805 

Onions 971 

Beans 870 

Peas 15,347 

Clover seed 23 

Other grass seed 5 

Peanuts 50 

Apples 54,411 

Cherries 21 

Peaches 122 

Pears 589 

Plnms and prunes 719 



Wild v:ra.sses 313 

Millet 436 

Clover 334 



TONS. 

Other cultivated grasses. . 1 ,242 

Grains cut green for hay. . 1,441 

Other forage crops. ...'.. 626 

Sorghum .sirup (gallons).. 17,116 

Cotton (bales 1 5 

Tobacco I pounds) 15,590 

Ero 'm corn (pounds) 1,950 

Drir-d fruit (pounds) 11,960 

Grapes (pounds i 92,952 

Wine (gallons ' ] ,048 

Cider (barrels) 36 

Vinegar (barrels) ....... 26 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TRKES. 

Apple 57,555 

Cherrv 677 

Peach' 22,650 

Pear 1,324 

Plum and prune 4,880 

Grapevines 11 .900 

Value of forest products. .|;12 635 

Value of small fruits. ... 2,774 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 10,720 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 21,204 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 209,460 

V alue of bQCS on hand 2, 599 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 13,700 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 60,442 00 

Animals slaughtered . 45,636 00 



Total 1106.078 00 



LIVE STOCK ON H.\ND. 



Cattle. 
Sheep. 
Hogs. , 



5.196 
1,835 
9,748 



Horses 1 ,625 

Mules 1,340 

Asses and burros 29 



134 Handbook of Tennessee. 

]vio:n'iioe couxty. 

Population in 1900, 18,585; population in 1800, 15,- 
329. This county lias an area of 580 square miles. It 
is bounded on the east bv Xorth Carolina; on the north, 
l)y the Little Tennessee Eiver. The eastern portion is 
mountainous and covered with valuable timbers. There 
are also gold, iron ore, and copper in the mountainous 
section ; there is a considerable amount of zinc and lead 
thrtniiih the northern ])ortion of the county. The soil is 
fertiU^ where cultivated, and the ]>rincipal products are corn, 
wheat, potatoes, grasses, cattle, and hogs. The Southern 
Railway traverses the northwestern portion of the. county ; 
the Atlanta, Tvnoxville and Xorthern Railroad passes 
througli the center; while the Tellico Railway reaches the 
eastern and mountainous portion of the county. 

Madisonville, the county seat, is located 45 miles from 
Knoxville. It has good schools, a bank, and two weekly 
newspapers. 

The county presents a very inviting field for immi- 
grant fanners. The average price of improved land in 
the county is about $10 per acre. Most of the unimproved 
land is in the hands of capitalists; price, from $2 to $1 
per acre. The average assessed value of land in 1000 
was $3.75 per acre. 

^Number of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
78; capital employed, $309,696; amount of wages i>aid 
during the year, $80,701; number of farms, 2,384; nmn- 
ber of acres, 286,223; number of acres improved, 120,- 
950; value of buildings, $530,750; value of farming 
implements and machinery, $152,640; value of live stock, 
$570,571 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $709,- 
632 ; amotmt paid for fann labor during the year, $34,- 
540 ; total value of land and improvements, except build- 
ings, $1,012,220. 



Handbook: of Tets^nessee. 



135 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



Corn 

Wheat 

Oats 

Other cereals 

Potatoes 

Sweet potatoes 

Onions 

Beans 

Peas 

Value of other vegetables 

Clover seed 

Other grass seed 

Peanuts 

Apples 

Cherries 

Peaches 

Pears 

Plums and prunes 



655, 

146, 

20, 

8, 

19, 

1, 

1, 

21, 



60 



,820 
,260 
650 
575 
,868 
,808 
,252 
,199 
,794 
,538 
292 
400 
281 
,239 
109 
701 
113 
765 



Wild grasses 327 

Millet 1,291 

Clover. 995 

Other cultivated grasses.. 3,355 



Grains cut green for hay. . 2,624 

Other forage crops 6,031 

Sorghum cane sold 13 

Sorghum sirup (gallons). . 27.142 

Cotton (bales) 78 

Tobacco (pounds) 28,770 

Broom corn (pounds) .... 23,510 

Dried fruit (pounds) 12,460 

Grapes ( I ouuds) . 61,197 

Wine (gallons) 309 

Cider (barrels) 42 

Vinegar (barrels) 38 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 81,853 

Cherry 775 

Peach 28,792 

Pear 1,584 

Plum and prune 3,748 

Grapevines 14,036 

Value of forest products. .|59,664 

Value of small fruits 943 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand . $ 19,622 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 34,327 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 . . 305,780 

Value of bees on hand 8,572 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 55,490 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold |102,006 00 

Animals slaughtered 76,844 00 

Total $178,850 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 12,445 

Sheep 4,461 

Hogs 19,537 



Horses 3,410 

Mules 2,203 

Asses and burros 75 



136 Handbook of Tennessee. 

MOEGAIT COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 9,587 ; population in 1890, 7,639. 
This conntj has an area of -448 square miles. Embry and 
Obed's Rivers drain the county. Its surface is mostly 
hilly, and it is well timbered with chestnut, oak, and pine. 
The staple products are corn, grasses, and pork. A large 
deposit of bitimiinous coal is found here. The Southern 
Railway intersects the county. Improved land ranges 
from $5 to $10 per acre; unimproved land, from $-2 t'l 
$10, according to location. 

Wartburg, the county seat, is 44 miles west of Knoxville. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $3.09 
per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the connry, 
3S ; capital employed, $156,414; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $23,256 ; nmnber of farms, 1,143 ; num- 
ber of acres, 126,113 ; number of acres improved, 33,092 ; 
value of buildings, $243,060 ; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $46,830; value of live stock, $248,- 
215; value of products not fed tO' live stock, $286,950; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $12,150; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$510,460. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



137 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS, 

Corn 130,830 

Wheat 1,040 

Oats 10,880 

Other cereals 2,30(5 

Potatoes 29,08(5 

Sweet potatoes 18,434 

Onions 2,731 

Beans 58(5 

Peas 1,315 

Value of other vegetables. |20, 610 

Peanuts 45 

Apples 64,296 

Cherries 10(5 

Peaches 32 

Pears 55 

Plums and prunes 570 



Wild grasses. . . . 

Millet 

Clover 

Other cultivated 



341 

758 
107 

1,877 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay . . 728 

Other forage crops. ...'. . 1,016 

Sorghum cane sold 327 

Sorghum sirup (gallons). . 7,730 

Cotton (bales) 3 

Tobacco (pounds) 10,070 

Drit-d fruit (pounds) 35,630 

Grapes (pounds) 73,923 

Wine (gallons) 1,209 

Cider (barrels) 101 

Vinegar (barrels) 32 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 94,563 

Cherrv 1,490 

Peach 9,259 

Pear 879 

Plum and prune 4,424 

Grapevines 9,735 

Value of forest products. .$21,612 

Value of small fruits .... 1,228 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 7,384 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 13,583 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 123,940 

Value of bees on hand 7,474 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 37,910 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $29,725 00 

Animals slaughtered 35,0(50 00 

Total |(54,785 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 5,554 

Sheep 6,668 

Hogs 11,256 



Horses .... . . 

Mules 

Asses and burros. 



1,172 

683 

12 



138 Handbook: of Tennessee. 

POLK COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 11,357; population in 1890, 8,361. 
This coimtv has an area of 400 square miles. The Hi- 
wassee and Ocoee Pivers flow through the county. The 
surface is mountainous and well timbered. The gra^^inii' 
for sheep and cattle is abundant. It has fine quarries 
of gi*ay limestone and extensive copper mines; lead has 
also been found in the county. Corn, Avheat, cattle, grass, 
and pork are the staple products. The Marietta and 
North Georgia Pailroad traverses the comity. 

Benton, the county seat, is 40 miles northeast of Cliat- 
tanooga and 3 miles south of the Hiwassee River. It has 
churches, schools, and a courthouse. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $4.03 
per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in tlie county, 
43 ; capital employed, $289,408 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $66,405; number of farms, 1,130; num- 
ber of acres, 131,051 ; number of acres improved, 44,022 ; 
value of buildings, $205,450 ; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $62,200 ; value of live stock, $238,- 
644; value of products not fed to live stock, $369,038; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $14,420; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$664,140. 



Haxdbook of Tennessee. 



139 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR lS9i). 



BUSHBLS. 

Corn 280,550 

Wheat 25,4lJ0 

Oats 8,;560 

Other cereals 5-28 

Potatoes 4,198 

Sweet potatoes 9,()S!) 

Onions .... 710 

Beans 1,180 

Peas. H,2lji 

Value of other vegetables.|;j8,154 

Peanuts 62 

Apples . . 22,41(i 

Cherries 17 

Peaches 102 

Pears 20 

Plums and prunes 200 



Wild f^rasses 

Millet 

Clover 

Other cultivated .s^rasses. . 
Grains cut green for hay.. 



TONS. 

227 

83 
128 

:}17 



Other forage crops 811 

S.^rghuni cane sold 27 

Sorghum sirup gallons).. 11,270 

Cotton ( Ijales i . . .". 981 

Tobacco (pounds) 6,820 

Broom corn (pounds) 1,0:50 

Dried Cruit (pounds) 6,5(50 

Grapes (pounds) 11,417 

Wine (gallons) 97 

Cider (barrels) 60 

Vinegar ^barrels) 10 

NUMBER OF KRUIT TREES. 

Apple ;55.;}90 

Cherrv 384 

Peach" 18,;]72 

Pear 362 

Plum and prune 1 ,570 

Grapevines 1,271 

Value of forest products. .515,183 
Value of small fruits .... 83 



POULTRY AND BKES. 

Value of pou;trv on hand $ 8,386 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 15.133 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 111,630 

Value of bees on hand 6,265 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1S99 35,210 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold |32 840 00 

Animals slaughtered 39,307 00 

Total $72,147 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 5,241 

Sheep 3,{!33 

Hogs 3,572 



Horses 1,207 

Mules 1,174 

.\sses and burros 19 



140 Handbook of 'J'exxessee. 

EHEA (^OimTY. 

Popialation in 1900, 14,318; population in 1890, 12,- 
647. This county has an area of 360 square miles. It 
is bounded on the southeast hj the Tennessee River ; on 
the northwest, by Walden's Ridge. Its surface is partly 
mountainous. Cattle, corn, wheat, grass, fruit, and pork 
are the staple products of the soil. It has an abundance 
of coal and iron ore and fine forests of oak, hickory, gum, 
sycamore, and ash. The coiuity is traversed by the Cin- 
cinnati Southern Railroad. Improved land ranges in 
price from $20 per acre for uplands to $50 per acre for 
river-bottom lands; unimproved hmd, from $5 to $10 per 
acre. 

Dayton, the coimty seat, is 38 miles northeast of Chat- 
tanooga. It is an u]>to-date town, with good business 
houses, churches, schools, banks, two- weekly newspapers, 
and a number of manufacturing establishments. Its pop- 
ulation in 1900 was 2,004. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $5.74 
per acre. 

Kumber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
45; capital employed, $672,703; amount of wages paid 
during tlie year, $144,510 ; nmnber of fanns, 1,131 ; num- 
ber of acres, 115,993; number of acres improved, 55,377; 
value of buildings, $304,050 ; value of fanning imple- 
ments and machinery, $77,650 ; value of live stock, $283,- 
249; value of products not fed to live stock, $432,595; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $36,240; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$1,175,530. 



Handbook of Tenxesseb. 



141 



AGRICULTURAT, PRODUCTS FOR IS'.M). 



BUSH 

Corn 4;]o 

Wheat 44 

Oats 17 

Other cereals 

Potatoes If) 

Sweet potatoes. 11 

Onions 1 

Beans 

Peas U) 

Value of other ve.^etaUles.^lT 

Peanuts 

Apples -S 

Cherries ... 

Peaches 

Pears 

Plums and prunes 



KLS. 

,4-20 
.510 
070 
140 
74(5 
949 
'201 
'2()7 
,10(5 

]o2 
1-2 

(>0 
IS 
92 



Wild gra.sses. . . 

Millet 

Clover 

Other cultivated wras.ses. 
Grains cut green for hay. 



TONS. 

i;5;] 

7(V.i 

Sll 

l,4o0 

1.289 



Other forage crops. 
Sorghum cane sold. 



851 
17 



Sorghum .sirup (gallonsi . . 11,287 

Cotton (bales) 1 

4V)bacco ' jxnmds) 9,330 

Broom corn (])oiinds) 410 

Dried fruit ]) uuds^ 2,900 

Grapes (])Oundsj 132,145 

Wine gallons) 38 

Cidt-r |l)arrel.s) 30 

Vinegar (barrels) 22 

NU.MUER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 102,655 

Cherrv 1,486 

Peach 82,123 

Pear .' . . 5,330 

Plum and prune 1,847 

Grapevines 17,583 

Value of forest products. .I 9,307 
Value of .small fruits 45,371 



POULTRY .\ND BEES. 

Value of poultrv on hand $ 11 ,493 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 17,240 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1S99 1(59,210 

Value of bees on hand 4,038 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 21,270 

V.\LUe OK .\NI.M.\L PRODUCTS FOR 1899 

Live animals sold |41,342 00 

Animals slaughtered 34,590 00 

Total $75,932 00 



livf: stock on h.\nd. 



Cattle 5,417 

Sheep 2,781 

Hogs 11,392 



Horses 1,730 

Mules 1,233 

.Asses and burros 40 



142 Haj^dbook of Tennessee. 

r.OAXE rOUIvTY. 

Population in 1000, 22,738; population in 1890, 17,- 
418. This county lias an area of 450 square miles, and il 
intersected by the Clinch and Holston Rivers. Its surface 
is hilly or mountainous, and is covered with fine forests of 
oak, hickory, pine, and other timber. The county com- 
prises part of Cumberland Mountain. The soil is very 
fertile in the valleys and river bottoms. The mineral re- 
sources of the coimty are oo^al, iron ore, and fine building- 
stone. • The staple products are com, wheat, grass, cattle, 
and hogs. It has fine gra-zing lands, and is traversed by 
the Soutliern Railway. The price of improved land ranges 
from $10 to $15 per acre for uplands to $100 per acre 
for river-bottom lands. There is a large amount of un- 
improved land for sale, ranging in price from $5 to $10 per 
acre. Tliere are splendid opportunities for investment 
of capital in the maiiiufacture of hardwood, and in foun- 
dries. The spirit of advancement is abroad in the comity. 
The county has 40 miles of completed turnpikes and about 
25 miles under construction. The prices for homes are rea- 
sonable, health is good, and there is a plentiful supply of 
good water and good timber. The schools of the county 
are excellent. There are a university and several high 
schools, and the various denominations are well repre- 
sented in churches. 

Kingston, the co-unty seat, is situated at the junction 
of the Tennessee and Clinch Rivers, with a po]>ulation of 
800. It has splendid manufacturing establishments, and 
is noted as a health resort. It has good schools and 
churches, hosjiitable people, and enterprising merchants. 
It is 120 miles by water from Chattanooga, mtli steamboat 
navigation. 

Tlie average assessed value of land in 1900 was $7.58 
per acre. 

]^umber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
110 ; capital employed, $1,449,838 ; amount of wages paid 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



143 



during the year, $179,363 ; number of farms, 1,883 ; num- 
ber of acres, 198,034;niimber of acres improved, 95,005; 
value of building's, $495,080 ; value of farming imple- 
ments and macliinery, $111,500 ; value of live stock, $447,- 
394 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $678,831 ; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $36,980; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$1,641,590. 

AGRICULTURAI. PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 



Corn 

Wheat 

Oats 

Other cereals 

Potatoes 

Sweet potatoes 

Onions 

Beans 

Peas 

Value of other vegetables, 

Clover seed 

Peanuts 

Apples 

Cherries. 

Peaches 

Pears 

Plums and prunes 



()26,49() 

62,090 

48,9:i0 

l,19i> 

14,2t9 

14,08:3 

1,198 

891 

4,854 

581,541 

21 

84 

59,610 

72 

946 

7119 

1,081 



Wild grasses 488 

Millet 1,521 

Clover 488 

Other cultivated grasses. . 4,7-14 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay.. 1,812 

Other forage crops 1,219 

Sorghum cane sold . 46 

Sorghum sirup (gallons).. 22,258 

Cotton (bales) 8 

Tobacco (pounds) 14,480 

Broom corn (pounds) 5,970 

Dried fruit (pounds) 9,910 

Grapes (pounds) 58,867 

Wine gallons) 171 

Cider (barrels) 62 

Vinegar (barrels 88 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 80,455 

Cherrv 1,850 

Peach 19,482 

Pear 2,721 

Plum and prune 8,909 

Grapevines 8,489 

Value of forest products. .$80,185 

Value of small fruits 4,563 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 14,907 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 25,840 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 215,590 

Value of bees on hand. 5,095 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 28,270 

VAIjUE of animal PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold I 78,904 00 

Animals slaughtered 78,004 00 

Total $146,908 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 9,448 

Sheep 2,198 

Hogs 14,185 



Horses 2,867 

Mules 2,248 

Asses and burros 85 



144 Handbook of Tennessee. 

SCOTT COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 11,077; population in 1890, 9,794. 
Tliis county has an area of 620 square miles. It borders 
on Kentucky, and is intersected by the Cumberland River. 
Its surface is hilly and covered with fine forests. The 
staple products are corn, grass, and pork. The avera^'e 
price of improved land is from $15 to $20 per acre. There 
is much unimproved land for sale in the county at about 
$6 per acre. Timber and coal interests furnish opportu- 
nities for profitable investment of capital. The county 
also has a fine fire clay. The county is healthy, and is 
noted for its pure air and pure water, hospitable people, 
and oood schools and churches. 

Huntsville, the county seat, is about 41 miles southwest 
of Knox^'ille. It has schools, churches, and up-to-date 
merchants. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $2.39 
per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
42 ; capital employed, $428,469 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $64,577 ; number of farms, 1,389 ; num- 
ber of acres, 164,743 ; number of acres improved, 39,728 ; 
value of building-s, $210,880; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $42,520 ; value of live stock, $273,- 
694; value of products not fed to live stock, $352,410; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $11,920; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$545,220. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



145 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



Corn 

Wheat 

Oats 

Other cereals 

Potatoes 

Sweet potatoes 

Onions 

Beans 

Peas . . . . 

Value of other vegetables. 

Peanuts 

Apples 

Cherries. 

Peaches 

Pears 

Plums and prunes 



Wild grasses 

Millet 

Clover 

Other cultivated grasses. 
Grains cut green for hay 



202 

17, 

1, 

21, 

lo, 

2, 

2 



109, 



780 
560 
730 
855 
97(5 
458 
951 
619 
882 
274 
23 
534 

lis 

297 
101 
540 



TONS. 

155 

906 

154 

1 ,034 

151 



Other forage crops 1,542 

Sorghum cane sold 16 

Sorghum sirup (gallons).. 7,611 

Cotton (bales) i 

Tobacco , pounds ) 5,980 

Broom corn (pounds) 70 

Dried fruit (pounds, 24,540 

Grapes (pounds) 14,238 

Wine (gallons) 44 

Cider (barrels) 24 

Vinegar (barrels) 23 

NUMBKR OK FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 98,499 

Cherry 848 

Peach 5,152 

Pear 492 

Plum and prune 2.174 

Grapevines 1,882 

Value of forest products. .$56,691 
Value of small fruits 1,141 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand | 10,406 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 19,887 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 142,080 

Value of bees on hand 7.016 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 47,840 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold |29,626 00 

Animals slaughtered 35,552 00 



Total 165,178:00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 5,523 

Sheep 6,889 

Hogs 15,002 



Horses 1,395 

Mules 704 

Asses and burros 23 



146 Handbook of Tennessee. 

SEQUATCHIE COUJ^TY. 

Popuktion in 1900, 3,326 ; population in 1890, 3,027. 
This connty has an area of 250 square miles, and is in- 
tersected by the Sequatcliie Valley and tlie Secinatchie 
I\iver. The soil in the valleys is fertile. Tliis is one of 
the best g'rape-producing counties in the Soiitli. A fine 
gro\\i:.h of beech, oak, hickory, and maple- timber is found 
in many localities. Limestone, iron ore, and coal abound 
in this county. The staple products are corn, wheat, oats, 
grass, cattle, and pork. There are splendid grazing lands 
for cattle. The county is traversed by the ]!!^ashville, 
(^hattanooga and St. Louis Railway. 

Dunlap, the coiuity seat, is situated on the Sequatchie 
River, 40 miles northwest of Chattanooga. 

Tlie average assessed value of land in 1900 was $2.07 
per acre. 

Xumber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
15; capital eniployed, $34,908; amomit of wages paid 
during the year, $6,023 ; niunber of farms, 383 ; nmnber 
of acres, 57,034 ; number of acres improved, 19,850 ; 
value of buildings, $99,550; value of farming imple- 
ments and macliinery, $31,480; value of live stock, $137,- 
113; value of products not fed to live stock, $167,191; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $7,470; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$425,290. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



147 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 126,720 

Wheat 19,(580 

Oats l,f)()0 

Other cereals 40 

Potatoe ■ 7,094 

Sweet potatoes 4,957 

Onions 72 

Means 127 

Peas 1,084 

Value of other vegetables.! (),19r) 

Apples " 12,8o4 

Cherries 28 

Peaches oO 

Pears 27 

Plums and prunes 193 

TONS. 

Wild grasses .... .... 19 

Millet 178 

Clover l-> 

Other cultivated grasses . 2i')4 



Grains cut green for hay. 

Other forage crops 

Sorghum cane sold 



Sorghum sirup (gallons).. 3, 

Cotton (bales) . .". . 

Tobacco ( pounds) 2, 

Broom corn (pounds) 

Dried fruit ( pounds ) 

Grapes (pounds) 16, 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 50, 

Cherry 1, 

Peach'. 8, 

Pear 

Plum and prune 2, 

Grapevines 1, 

Value of forest products. . $11, 
Value of small fruits 



800 

424 

11 

882 
1 
950 
560 
60 
495 

891 
268 
255 

848 
485 
446 

744 
78 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of jioultry on hand $ 5,257 00 

Va ue of po iltry raised in 1899 10.485 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 8;3,]00 

Value of l)ees on hand 8,602 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 15,870 

VALUE OK ANIMAL PRODUCT.S FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold ... |;25,889 00 

Animals .slaughtered 19,613 00 

Total 545,002 00 



LIVE STOCK OX H.\ND. 



Cattle 2,897 

Sheep 2,016 

Hogs 6,257 



Horses 

Mules 

Asses and burros. 



602 

450 



148 Handbook of Tennessee. 

SEVIER COUNTY. 

PopulatioTi in 1900, 22,021; population in 1800, 18,- 
701. This county has an area of 560 square miles. It 
borders on I^orth Carolina, and is intersected liy tlio 
French Broad River. Its surface is mountainous, and i:> 
partially covered with oak, hickory, sycamore, chestnut, 
walnut, maple, and pine timber. The soil in the valleys 
is ricli and fertile. Fine limestone is quarried in the 
county. The staple products are wheat, corn, grass, cat- 
tle, and hogs. The grazing for cattle and sheep is abun- 
dant. 

Sevierville, the county seat, is situated on Little Pigeon 
River, 30 miles southeast of Knoxville. It has churciico. 
schools, and general stores. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $4.1 • 
per acre. 

]^umber of manufacturing establishments in the county. 
83 ; capital employed, $146,234 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $19,455 ; number of farms, 3,193 ; ninn- 
ber of acres, 249,233 ; number of acres improved, 114,794 ; 
value of buildings, $536,730 ; value of farming imple- 
ments and maehineiy, $132,770 ; value of live stock, $567,- 
380; value of products not fed to live stock, $947,494; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $39,060 ; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$1,977,750. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



149 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHBLS. 



Corn 

Wheat 

Oats 

Other cereals 

Potatoes 

Sweet potatoes 

Onions 

Beans 

Ptas 

Vahie of other vegetables. 

Clover seed 

Other yrass seed 

Peanuts 

Apples 

Cherries 

Peaches 

Pears 

Plums and prunes 



586,900 

128,220 

34.510 

907 

16,802 

26,138 

1,765 

2.067 

10,940 

$84,495 

992 

439 

72 

80,895 

76 

218 

498 

925 



TONS. 

Wild grasses 22 

Millet 970 

Clover. 2,574 



TONS. 

Other cultivated grasses. . 8,715 
Grains cut green for hay . 675 
Other forage crops. ...'.. 2,808 

Sorghum sirup (gallons). . 44,976 

Cotton (bales) .... 7 

Tobacco (pounds) 47,140 

Broom corn (pounds) .... 8,960 

Dried fruit (pounds). 14,770 

Grapes (pou' ds) 87,859 

Wine (gallons) 39 

Cider (barrels) 92 

Vinegar (barrels) 48 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 117,784 

Cherry 1,491 

Peach 28.846 

Pear 1,588 

Plum and prune 4,838 

Grapevines 2,675 

Value of forest products. .$43,627 
Value of small fruits 1,170 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand . $ 28,854 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 55,780 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in la99 387,680 

Value of bees on hand 11,584 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 ... 42,580 

VALUE OF ANIM.\L PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold |;129,721 00 

Animals slaughtered 192,665 00 

Total $322,386 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 11,908 

Sheep 5,413 

Hogs 23,220 



Horses 4,108 

Mules 1,531 

Asses and burros 45 



150 Handbook of Tennessee. 

SULLIVAX COUNTY. 

Po]ni]atioii in 1000, 24,935; populatioi) in 1890, 20,- 
879. This comity has an area of 410 square miles, and 
borders on Virginia. Its surface is a beautiful, undulat- 
ina- valley, lying lietween the ( Himl^erland and Appalach- 
ian ranges of mountains, and is drained by the Holston 
]\iver and the head waters of the Tennessee River. The 
county lias a fine growth of ash, walnut, beech, maplei, oak, 
hemlock, chestnut, and hickory timber. The soil is fer- 
tile. There are splendid deposits of iron ore of higdi 
grade, also large deposits of limestone of splendid fluxing* 
quality. Tlie staple prodnets are fruits, wheat, corn, oats, 
grasses, horses, cattle, hogs, poultry, butter, and eggs. 

Bristol TTenn.) is located in this county. It is the 
largest city between Ivnoxville, Tenn., and Roanoke, Va., 
and is 131 miles from Ivnoxville and Roanoke. One <if 
the prettiest government buildings in the South is located 
here. The city has beautiful churches, fine colleges and 
schools, splendid banks, a fine courthouse, law and 
chancery court, and register's office. It has five railroads 
entering the city from north, south, east, and west, in- 
cluding" the two great systems, the Southern Railway and 
the ISTorfolk and AVestern Railroad. Bristol has within 
a radius of 50 miles — including Upper East Tennessee, 
Southwest Virginia, and Western North Carolina — a terri- 
tory as rich in mineral deposits as any to be found in the 
world It has large lumber interests, the finest tannery 
in the South, a large pa]>er mill, all varieties of manufac- 
turing establishments, an electric street railway, gas and 
electric light companies, theaters, clubhouses, a 1)oard of 
trade, two telephone systems, and as fine a waterworks sys- 
tem as can be found anywhere. It kas a. splendid whole- 
sale and retail trade. Bristol is the headquarters of the 
Virginia Iron, Coal and Coke Company (the second larg- 
est iron company in the South), its largest iron furnace 
being located here, with cheap iron ore, coal, coke, and 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



151 



limestone near by — ^all of fine quality. The city of Bris- 
tol is located in both Tennessee and Virginia, about one- 
half in each. The population of Bristol, Tenn., in lilOO 
was 5,271, an increase of 50 per cent over the census of 
1890. 

Blountville, the county seat, is miles southwest of 
Bristol. 

The averacre assessed value of land in 1900 was $7.17 
per acre. 

ISTumlier of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
130; capital employed, $865,813; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $158,013 ; number of farms, 2,732 ; num- 
ber of acres, 238,148 ; number of acres improved, 150,084- ; 
value of buildings, $968,390; value of farming imy)le- 
ments and machinery, $179,6-^0; value of live stock, 
$688,568 : value of products not fed to^ live stock, $887,- 
667 ; amount paid for farm labor during the year, $52,- 
240; total value of land and improvements, except build- 
ings, $2,715,310. 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn . 570,150 

Wheat 197,200 

Oats 81,480. 

Other cereals 1,435 

Potatoes 83,560 

Sweet potatoes 15.359 

Onions 3,9(58 

Beans 788 

Peas 236 

Value of other vegetables. |;32, 533 

Clover seed 966 

Other grass seed 498 

Peanuts 27 

Apples ...106,89: 



Cherries 

Peaches 

Pears . . . '. 

Plums and prunes. 



Wild grasses 

Millet 

Clover 

Other cultivated grasses. 



172 
510 
926 
126 

TONS. 

9 

857 

3,543 

6,576 



TONS. 

765 

4,147 

44 



Grains cut green for hay. . 

Other forage crops 

Sorghum cane sold 



Sorghum sirup (gallons: . . 22,308 

C' tton (bales) . 6 

Tobacco ( pounds i 46,830 

Broom corn (pounds) 6,500 

Dried fruit (pounds) 64,790 

Grapes (pounds) 25,186 

Wine (gallons) 115 

Cider (barrels) . 420 

Vinegar (barrels) 359 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 109,410 

Cherry 2.385 

Peach 20,165 

Pear 2,317 

Plum and prune 1,734 

Grapevines 3,115 

Value of forest products. .|46,076 
Value of small fruits 1,886 



152 Handbook of Tennessee. 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 31,638 00 

Dalue of poultry raised in 1899 67,293 00 

Vozens of eggs produced in 1899 334,490 

Value of bees on hand 11,474 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 44,600 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold |114,790 00 

Animals slaughtered 84,553 00 

Total $199,343 00 

LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 13,761 

Sheep 9,035 

Hogs 19,344 



Horses 5,170 

Mules 1,355 

Asses and burros 23 



U^^iqOI COUISTTY. 

Population in 1900, 5,851; population in 1890, 4,619. 
This county has an area of 196 square miles, and borders 
on l^orth Carolina. It is drained by the Kolachucky 
Hiver, and is intersected by the Southern Railway. Its 
surface is mountainous. Cotton, corn, oats, grass, and 
live stock are the staple products. 

Erwin, the county seat, is situated 15 miles south of 
Johnson City, on a branch of the Southern Railway. It 
has churches, schools, a weekly newspaper, and general 
stores. 

The assessed value of land in 1900 was per acre. 

iN^umber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
25 ; capital employed, $110,215 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $34,414 ; number of farms, 678 ; num- 
ber of acres, 52,551; number of acres improved, 18,950; 
value of building's, $154,010; value of fanning imple- 
ments and machinery, $30,610; value of live stock, $110,- 
308; value of products not fed to live stock, $168,087; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $22,290; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$422,150. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



153 



AGRICTILTUKAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



"BUSHELS- 

Corn 84,050 

Wheat 13,280 

Oats 19,150 

Other cereals 760 

Potatoes 8,786 

Sweet potatoes 2,124 

Onions 1,525 

Beans 500 

Peas 27 

Value other vegetables . $6,927 

Grass seed 4 

Peanuts 5 

Apples 67,175 

fherries 18 

Peaches 2 

Pears 8 

Plums and prunes .... 34 

TONS. 

Millet • . • 109 

Clover 299 

Other cultivated grasses. 965 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay 28 
Other forage crops . . . 390 

Sorghum simp (gallons) 6,986 

Tobacco (pounds) .... 3,180 

Broom corn (pounds) . . 30 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 48,820 

Grapes (pounds) .... 1,734 

Wine (gallons) 15 

Cider (barrels) 40 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 26 

numi!i;r of fruit trees. 

Apple 38,617 

Cherry 92 

Peach 2,447 

Pear 16 

Plum and prune 56 

Grapevines 136 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits 



.$28,811 
510 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 4,748 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 9,900 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 44,150 

Value of bees on hand 2,957 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 18,360 

A'ALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 10,551 00 

Animals slaughtered 14,451 00 



Total $ 25,002 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 2,454 

Sheep 1,658 

Hogs 3,645 



Horses 

Mules 

Asses and burros 



622 
381 



154 Handbook of Tennessee. 

UXIOTsT COUIiTY. . 

Population in 1900, 12.894:; population in 1890, 11,- 
459. This countv lias an area of 220 square miles. It 
is intersected by the Clinch River, and is bounded on the 
north by Powell's River. Its surface is mountainous and 
partly covered with hickory, oak, chestnut, and maple 
timber. There are also fine deposits of iron, zinc, lead 
ore, and marble in the county. The sta]jle products are 
corn, oats, ^vheat, butter, and pork. Tlie average price 
of improved land is about $20 per acre. There is a large 
quantity of unimproved land in the county, Avhicli can be 
bought at about $5 per acre. Pure water, pure air, and 
cheap homes offer inducements to home seekers. 

Maynardville, the county seat, is situated in Raccoon 
Valley, 24 miles northeasi of Knoxville, and has fine 
schools and churches. 

The average assessed value of lands in 1900 was $5.30 
per acre. 

l^umber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
64 ; capital employed, $49,702 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $4,655; number of farms, 1,952; num- 
ber of acres, 152,918; nmnber of acres improved, 80,654; 
value of buildings, $312,360; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery^ $73,880; value of live stock, $363,- 
288; value of products not fed to live stock, $535,406; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $22,340 ; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$944,540. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



155 



AGEICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BU.SHKLS. 

Corn 397,270 

Wheat 42.510 

Oats 31.020 

Other cereals 300 

Potatoes 17,484 

Sweet potatoes 17,345 

Onions 2,746 

Beans 1,461 

Peas 1,555 

Value other vegetables . $23,388 

Clover seed 139 

Other grass seed .... 58 

Peanuts 40 

Apples 83.083 

Cherries 31 

Peaches 575 

Pears 474 

Plums and prunes .... 938 

TON'S 

Wild grasses 58 

Millet 1,547 

Clover 844 



TONS. 

Other cultivated grasses 2,113 

Grains cut green for hay 177 

Other forage crops . . . 1,769 

Sorghum cane sold ... 2 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 16,672 

Cotton (bales) 17 

Tobacco (pounds) .... 22,360 

Broom corn (pounds) . . 6,050 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 70,710 

Grapes (pounds) .... 26,250 

Wine (gallons) 97 

Cider (barrels) 178 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 162 

NUMBER OF FUUIT TREES. 

Apple 84,222 

Cherry 1,724 

Peach 12,473 

Pear 1,522 

Plum and prune 3,350 

Grapevines 1,546 

Value forest products . .$57,659 

Value of small fruits . . 2,179 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 16,380 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 35,320 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 268,910 

Value of bees on hand 6,445 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 30,670 

A^ALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 66,842 00 

Animals slaughtered 72,231 00 



Total $139,073 00 



LIVE .STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 6,204 

Sheep 3,001 

Hogs 12,875 



Horses 2,760 

Mules 1,176 

Asses and burros .... 29 



156 Handbook of Tennessee. 

va:n^ btjreat county. 

Population in 1900, 3,126; population in 1890, 2,803. 
This county has an area of 322 square miles. It is 
bounded on the north bv the Cumberland River and C^aney 
Fork Tiiver, and is drained by the Rock River. It is a 
hilly county. It has fertile valleys and line gjazing' lands 
for sheep and cattle, and also fine forests of chestnut, hick- 
ory, oak, poplar, and wild cherry. The staple products 
are corn, ii'rass, fruit, honey, ginsens:, cattle, and pork. 
Grapes and other fruits grow splendidly in the county. 
The JSTashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway runs 
near the nort-hem border of the county. 

Spencer, the county seat, has good schools, churches, and 
general stores. 

The average assessed value of land for 1900 was $1.59 
per acre, 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the county. 
14; capital employed, $19,450; amount of wages paid 
durinu' the year, $3,830 ; number of farms, 482 ; num- 
ber of acres, 83,401 ; nmnber of acres improved, 24,229 : 
value of buildings, $100,080; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $25,730 ; value of live stock, $134,- 
270; value of products not fed to live stock, $155,137: 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $4,290 ; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings,. 
$306,510. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



157 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHKLS. 

Corn 130.660 

Wheat 13,020 

Oats 4,370 

Other cereals 250 

Potatoes 7,784 

Sweet potatoes 3,331 

Onions 12 

Beans 103 

Peas 491 

Value other vegetables . $6,157 

Apples 45,348 

Cherries 11 

Plums and prunes ... 56 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 5 

Millet 180 

Clover 13 

Other cultivated grasses. 695 

Grains cut green for hay 445 



TONS. 

Other forage crops ... 37 

Sorghum cane sold . . . 105 



Cotton (bales) 10 

Tobacco (pounds) .... 6,790 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 47,480 

Grapes (pounds) .... 3,600 

Wine (gallons) 220 

Cider (barrels) 11 

Vinegar (barrels) . 



NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 82,178 

Cherry 497 

Peach 4,782 

Pear 63 

Plum and prune .... 401, 

Grapevines 847 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits 



.$11,065 
28 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 4,320 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 7,581 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 39,690 

Value of bees on hand 3,368 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 12,900 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 26,745 00 

Animals slaughtered 16,512 00 



Total $ 43,257 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 2,551 

Sheep 2,480 

Hogs 7,817 



Horses 

Mules 

Asses and burros 



646 

518 

40 



158 Handbook of Texa'essee. 

WASIIINGTOA^ COLWTY. 

Population in 1900, 22,601:; population in 1890, 20,- 
354. This county has an area of ahont 344 sqnare miles, 
and is Ixmnclecl on the northeast bv the ^\''atauga and Hol- 
ston T'ivers and intersected by the J^olachucky River. 
Its surface is diversified with monntains and valleys. It 
has forests of hickory, chestnut, maple, oak, ]>ine, and 
other timber. Iron ore and building' stone are found in 
paying quantities. The county is intersected by the South- 
ern Railway. 

Jonesboro, the county seat, is situated in a beautiful 
and fertile valley, on the Southern Railway. It has ex- 
cellent schools, churches, a number of general stores, an 
iron foundry, and several manufacturing* establishments. 
Its population in 1900 was 854. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $9.79 
per acre. 

Xuraber of manufacturing establishments in the county,. 
131 ; capital employed, $1,747,681 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $167,287 ; number of farms, 2,457 ; nmn- 
ber of acres, 185,073 ; number of acres improved, 132,789 ; 
-^alue of buildings, $957,930 ; value of farming imple- 
ments and macliinery, $186,760 ; value of live stock, $581.- 
785; value of products not fed to live stock, $854,874; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $79,170 ; 
total value of land and improvements, except luuldings, 
$2,473,000. 



Handbook of Tenxessee. 



159 



AGRICULTUKAL, TRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 359,630 

Wheat 294,940 

Oats 83,890 

Other cereals 4,600 

Potatoes 21,313 

Sweet potatoes 14,226 

Onions 868 

Beans 372 

Peas 1,507 

Value other vegetables . $33,712 

Clover seed 807 

Other grass seed 369 

Peanuts 7 

Apples 125,657 

Cherries 494 

Peaches 677 

Pears 941 

Plums and prunes . . . 352 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 40 

Millet 919 

Clover 3,529 



Other cultivated grasses. 
Grains cut green for hay 
Other forage crops . . . 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 



TONS. 

6,275 

1,026 

4,406 

214 



Sorghum sirup (gallons) 14,813 



Tobacco (pounds) . . 
Broom corn (pounds) 
Dried fruits (pounds) 
Grapes (pounds) . . 
Wine (gallons) . . . 
Cider (barrels) . . . 
Vinegar (barrels) . . 



63,660 

8,910 

118,240 

126,260 

548 

696 

63() 



NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 141,795 

Cherry 5,886 

Peach 46,049 

Pear 3,000 

Plum and prune 4,142 

Grapevines 12,586 



Value forest products . 
Value of small fruits . 



.$46,563 
. 3,415 



POULTRY AND ItEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 23,489 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 62,748 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 297,020 

Value of bees on hand 8,775 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 34,410 

VALUE OF AMMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $120,109 00 

Animals slaughtered 78,528 00 



Total $198,637 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 12,249 

Sheep 8,695 

Hogs 16,077 



Horses 4,978 

Mules 1,477 

Asses and burros .... 58 



160 Handbook of Tenxessek. 



MIDDLE TENNESSEE. 



BEDFORD COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 23,845; population in 1890, 24,- 
739. This county has an area of 550 square miles. It 
lies in the Central Basin, and its surface is rolling, with 
occasional flat-topped hills. The county is exceedingly 
^\ell watered. Duck River flowing tlirough it from east to 
west ; and the farms are generally in a fine state of cultiva- 
tion. The N^asliville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway 
traverses the county. It has a splendid system of public 
schools, and the private schools are of a liigh character. 
The county is well supplied with churches of the various 
denominations. 

Shelbyville, the county seat, is located on a branch of 
the jSTash-^ille, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway. It 
has an electric light plant, a system of waterworks, a cot- 
ton factory, a hub and spoke factory, a foundry, sawmills, 
planing mills, flouring mills, and other manufacturing en- 
terprises, with good schools and churches. There are two 
banks in the town and four in the county. There are three 
newspapers in the town. The population of the town in 
1900 was 2,236. 

There are five prosperous towns in the county — 'Bell- 
buckle, Wartrace, ISTormandy, Flat Creek, and Unionville. 
Bellbuckle is noted as an educational point. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $11.53 
per acre. 

^MTumber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
83; capital employed, $432,154; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $53,225 ; number of farms, 2,889 ; num- 
ber of acres, 287,612 ; nmnber of acres improved, 190,144 ; 
value of buildings, $1,441,930; value of farming im- 



Handbook of Tennessee. 161 

pleinents and inaehineiy, $345,010 ; value of live stock, 
$],253,90S; value of products not fed to live stock, $1,- 
537,455 ; amount paid for farm labor during" the year, 
$97,100; total value of land and improvements, except 
buildings, $5,187,330. 

AGKICULTUEAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

BUSHELS. TONS. 

Corn 1,182,380 . Other cultivated grasses 3,077 

Wheat 465,920 Grains cut green for hay 3,524 

Oats 55,020 Other forage crops . . . 1,126 

Other cereals 13,780 Sorghum cane sold . . . 847 

Potatoes 7,279 Sorghum sirup (gallons) 12,500 

Sweet potatoes 15,468 cotton (bales) 73 



Onions 882 

Beans 278 

Peas 5,580 



Tobacco (pounds) . . . 2,610 
Broom corn (pounds) . . 5,820 
Dried fruits (pounds) . . 6,050 



Value other vegetables .$45,315 q^^^^^ (pounds) .... 40,515 

Clover seed .... 2/ ^^^^ (gallons) 19 

Other grass seed .... 1,877 ^ider (barrels) 118 

Peanuts 83 yinegar (barrels) .... 79 

Apples 49,026 

Cherries 92 , numbkr of fruit trees^ 

Peaches 220 Apple 86,521 

Pears 200 g^erry 3,369 

Plums and prunes .... 251 Peach ^f 'lor 

Pear 1,435 

TONS. Plum and prune .... 4,138 

Wild grasses 26 Grapevines 10,397 

Millet 2,629 Value forest products .$116,191 

Clover 2,966 Value of small fruits . . 861 

POtl.TBY AND "BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 45,088 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 90,032 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 568.670 

Value of bees on hand 4,522 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 19,680 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 850 

A ALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOE 1899. 

Live animals sold $316,066 00 

Animals slaughtered 127,971 00 



Total $444,037 00 

LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 

Cattle 14,691 Horses 8,437 

Sheep 15,446 Mules 5,000 

Hogs 33,972 Asses and burros .... 477 



162 Handbook of Tennessee. 

CAXNON COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 12,121; population in 1890, 12,- 
197. This county has an area of 280 square miles. It 
is drained by numerous small streams. It.s surface is 
hilly and rolling, and its soil is very productive. Apples 
do well in tins county. Corn, wheat, and hogs are the sta- 
ble products. 

Woodbury, the county seat, is located 50 miles south- 
east of JSTashville. It ha.s schools, churches, a bank, a 
newspaper, and a flouring mill. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $7.16 
per acre. 

N^umber of manufacturing establisluiients in the county, 
89 ; capital employed, $50,205 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $8,585; nmnber of farms, 1,950; num- 
ber of acres, 155,225 ; number of acres improved, 74,353 ; 
value of buildings, $4-16,080 ; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $110,340 ; value of live stock, $548,- 
196; value of products not fed to live stock, $713,424; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $34,590 ; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$1,395,270. 



Handbook of Te.nnessep:. 



163 



AGETCUXTUEAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



HUBHKl.S. 

Corn 779,240 

Wheat 96,840 

Oats 27,5^0 

Other cereals 4,100 

Potatoes 5,261 

Sweet potatoes 8.979 

Onions 539 

Beans 193 

Peas 6.022 

Value other vegetables .$30,174 

Clover seed 5 

Other grass seed 1.348 

Peanuts 29 

Apples 80,157 

Cherries ; . . . 110 

Peaches 1.005 

Pears 135 

Plums and prunes . . . 247 

TONS. 

Millet 2.834 

Clover 830 

Other cultivated grasses 254 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay 1,014 
Other forage crops . . . 556 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 407 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 25,677 

Cotton (bales) 5 

Tobacco (pounds) .... 33.860 

Broom corn (pounds) . . 9,920 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 62,920 

Grapes (pounds) .... 1,356 

Wine (gallons) 15 

Cider (barrels) 64 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 44 

NUMUER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 110.030 

Cherry 1,924 

Peach 15,44& 

Pear 775 

Plum and prune . .' . . 3.603 
Grapevines 262 

Value forest products . .$32,448 
Value of small fruits . . 167 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 22,716 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 36,984 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 422,270 

Value of bees on hand 3,643 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 16,790 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 480 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $155,394 00 

Animals slaughtered 78,535 00 



Total $233,929 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 6,684 

Sheep 6.060 

Hogs 21,735 



Horses 3,631 

Mules 2,918 

Asses and burros .... 134 



164 Handbook of Ten:s^essee. 

(^HE AT 11 AM COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 10,112 ; popiilation in 1890, 8,845. 
Tliis county has an area of 400 square miles. It is inter- 
sected by the Cumberland River and drained by the Ilar- 
peth River. Its surface is rolling, and the soil is gener- 
ally fertile. The cx)unty has a fine growth of timber. 
Corn, tobacco, and hogs are the staple products. The av- 
erage price of improved lands is about $20 per acre. The 
ISTashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway traverses 
a portion of the county. 

Ashland City, the county seat, is situated on the Cum- 
berland River, about 20 miles northwest of I\ashville. 
It has a daily stage line connecting it with ISTashville; and 
the Tennessee Central Railroad, in process of construc- 
tion, will give it railroad connection with jSTashville and 
Clarksville. It has a bank, a weekly newspaper, good 
schools, churches, and mercantile establishments. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $5.3(i 
per acre. 

J^umber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
23; capital employed, $130,010; amoimt of wages paid 
during the year, $22,018 ; number of farms, 1,562 ; num- 
ber of acres, 143,093 ; number of acres improved, 60,842 : 
value of buildings, $456,930; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $112,050 ; value of live stock, $361,- 
139; value of products not fed to live stock, $560,276; 
amount ]>aid for fami laWor during the year, $32,100; 
total value of land and im]n'ovements, except buildings, 
$1,276,860. 



Ha>!)B()<)k of Texxessek. 



165 



AGRICULTURAI. PRODl'CTS I'OR 1899. 



r.VSHKI.S. 

Corn 476,230 

Wheat 44,370 

Oats 9,440 

Other cereals 20 

Potatoes 7,381 

Sweet potatoes 7.996 

Onions 1,565 

Beans 225 

Peas 1,560 

Value other vegetables .$23,413 

Peanuts 85 

Apples 11,587 

Cherries 11 

Peaches 250 

Pears 130 

Plums and prunes . . . 1,043 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 1 

Millet 533 

Clover 1,112 



TONS . 

Other cultivated grasses 394 

Grains cut green for hay 79 

Other forage crops . . . 105 

Sorghum cane sold . . . 125 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 1,536 
Tobacco (pounds) . . .2,129,760 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 470 

Grapes (pounds) .... 13,73;^ 

Wine (gallons) 10 

Cider (barrels) 78 

Vinegar (barrels) ... 49 

NUJIBKR OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 62,439 

Cherry 14,453 

Peach 26.832 

Pear 3,458 

Plum and prune 8,896 

Grapevines 645 

Value forest products . . $52,744 

Value of small fruits . . 1,497 



POULTRY AXi) BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 16,996 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 31,666 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 180,150 

Value of bees on hand 884 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 6,380 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 260 

VALUE OF AXT.MAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 26,990 00 

Animals slaughtered 63,497 00 



Total $ 90,487 00 



LIVE STOCK ON H VXLi. 



Cattle 4.267 

Sheep 1,422. 

Hogs 12,980 



Horses 1,609 

Mules 315 

Asses and burros .... 24 



166 lL\NDBOOK OK TeXNESSEE. 

CLAY COUA'TY. 

Population in 1900, 8,421; population in 1890, 7,200. 
This oonnty borders on Kentuckv, and is intersected by 
the Cumberland Eiver. It has 143,013 acres of land, and 
is drained by Obej-s River. Its siu-face is hilly, and the 
soil in the valleys is very fertile. It has fine forests of 
beech, hickory, maple, oak, chestnut, etc. Corn, tobacco, 
wheat, oats, and hogs are the staple products. 

Celina, the county seat, is located on the Cmnberlajid 
lliver, at the mouth of Obey's River. It lias good schools, 
churches, and a nundjer of general stores. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $4.97 
per acre. 

dumber of manufacturing establislunents in the county, 
21 ; capital employed, $21,930 ; amount of wages paid dur- 
ing the year, $6,079; number of farms, 1,350; nmuber 
of acres, 143,013 ; number of acres improved, 57,803 : 
value of buildings, $168,980; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $56,130; value of live stock, $283,- 
616 ; vahie of products not fed to live stock, $371,668 ; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $13,520 ; 
total value of laud and im]ir()vements, except buildings, 
$718,040. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



167 



AGRICULTUKAI, PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 457,330 

Wheat 13,120 

Oats 18,980 

Other cereals 77 

Potatoes 6,095 

Sweet potatoes 11,432 

Onions 919 

Beans 438 

Peas 5,606 

Value other vegetables .$19,052 

Peanuts 14 

Apples 77,252 

Cherries 11 

Peaches 262 

Pears 75 

Plums and prunes . . . 530 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 3 

Millet 272 

Clover 218 

Other cultivated grasses 203 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay 816 
Other forage crops . . . 607 
Sorghum cane sold ... 5 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 14,835 

Cotton (bales) • 11 

Tobacco (pounds) .... 14,140 

Broom corn (pounds) . . 20 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 20,370 

Grapes (pounds) .... 2,604 

Cider (barrels) 47 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 36 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 55,154 

Cherry 471 

Peach 4,861 

Pear 552 

Plum and prune .... 2,316 

Grapevines 484 



Value forest producib 
Value of small fruits 



.$38,728 
250 



POXJI.TRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 8,904 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 12,743 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 114,110 

Value of bees on hand 2,526 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 9,590 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 320 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $725,173 00 

Animals slaughtered 108,382 00 



Total $833,555 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 14.721 

Sheep 6,095 

Hogs 29,098 



Horses 4,793 

Mules 3,175 

Asses and burros .... 59 



168 Handbook of Tennessee. 

COFFEE COUNTY. 

Population in ie»00, 15,574; population in 1890, 13,- 
827. This county is situated at the western base of Cum- 
berland Mountain, and is 1,121 feet above the Silurian 
Basin of Middle Tennessee. It is near the center of 
the State, about 60 miles southeast of ISTashville. The 
ISI^ashville, Cliattanooga and St. Louis Railway passes 
tlirough the southwest portion of the county, and the Mc- 
j\Iinnville and Manchester Railway passes througli the 
center. The soil of tliis county is a mixture of loam and 
sand, with a good clay subsoil, easily worked. It is capa- 
ble of containing a gTeat deal of moisture, not liable to 
break, and very susceptible of improvement by deep plow- 
ing, subsoiling, and manuring. A failure in crops frnm 
drought lias not been known in this section for many 3'ears. 
Fruits and vegetables can> be produced in gi^eat abundance. 
IMany parts of the coimty are well adapted to vineyards 
and the production of wine. During the past five years it 
has been practically demonstrated that a superior quality 
of tobacco can be grown to gi'eat ad^'antage. Corn, oats, 
rye, and other small grains are cultivated with much suc- 
cess. The leading staple, however, is wheat, fr>r which 
this soil and climate seem peculiarly adapted to the ]>ro- 
diiction of a superior quality, and yearly it is gro\\ai in 
greater quantity. As a grass-growing and stock-gTowing 
county, it is unsurpassed. There is no county in the State 
better ada]>ted for wool gTowing than this ; and, in fact, 
all that extensive range of country known as the "" table- 
lands " of the Cumberland Mountain is as well adapted to 
sheep raising as any section of equal extent in the Ignited 
States. 7'lie surface of this county is level or gently un- 
dulating, except along the streams, where it is a little 
broken. The county is abundantly watered, abounding 
as it does in springs and brooks of ever-running freestone 
water, clear as crystal. Chalybeate, sulphur, and almn 
springs are also found. The two forks of Duck River 



Handbook of Tennessee. 169 

have their sources in this county, and their falls produce 
a water jwwer and facilities for manufacturing' purposes 
unsurpassed by any in the State. They unite just below 
the falls and within 1 mile of Manchester. 

]\[anchp/ster, the county seat, is situated on the Xorth 
Fork of Duck River and on the ISTashville, Chattanooga and 
St. Louis Railway. It has churches, schools, banks, water- 
works, newspapers, etc., with a population of about 1,200. 

Tullalioma, a prosperous tO'\vn of 3,000 inliabitants, is 
in this county and on the main line of the ]^asliville, Chat- 
tanooga and St. Louis Railway. Its schools are excellent ; 
its cburch facilities are good ; and it has numerous manu- 
facturing industries, iirst-class hotels, a weekly newspaper, 
and a good electric light plant. It is a great simmier r&- 
sort. 

The price of improved land in the county ranges from 
$10 to $50 per acre; unimproved land, from $2 to $8 per 
acre. There are excellent opportunities for profitable in- 
vestment in cheap timber lands. The inducements tlie 
county offers to hoane seekers are a fine climate, good citi- 
zenship, g"ood schools, and good churches. 

The assessed value of land in 1000 was $4.10 per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
69 ; capital employed, $460,051 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $101,727 ; number of farms, 1,956 ; uuiii- 
l)er of acres, 193,788; number of acres improved, 97,420; 
value of buildings, $463,730; value of farming' imple- 
ments and machinery, $146,140 ; value of live stock, $534,- 
835 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $735,124 ; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $34,710; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$1,675,760. 



170 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHEI-S. 

Corn .694,110 

Wheat 156,630 

Oats 19,650 

Other cereals 4,480 

Potatoes 7,821 

Sweet potatoes 15,190 

Onions 394 

Beans 319 

Peas 5,776 

Value other vegetables .$27,229 

Grass seed 28 

Peanuts 187 

Apples 123,043 

Cherries 88 

Peaches 9 

Pears 140 

Plums and prunes . . . 498 

TONS- 

Wild grasses 57 

Millet 1,168 

Clover 441 

Other cultivated grasses 1,806 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay 3,53& 
Other forage crops . . . 1,182 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 480 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 21,539 

Cotton (bales) 3 

Tobacco (pounds) .... 47,400 

Broom corn (pounds) . . 12,63<0 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 92,910 

Grapes (pounds) .... 30,242 

Wine (gallons) 122 

Cider (barrels) 116 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 56 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 125,749 

Cherry 2,170 

Peach 22,767 

Pear 1,813 

Plum and prune 5,072 

Grapevines 4,157 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits 



.$31,349 
474 



POULTRY AjSTD BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 17,715 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 35,436 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 320,960 

Value of bees on hand 3,152 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 14,170 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 780 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $126,272 00 

Animals slaughtered 75,056 00 



Total $201,328 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 8,134 

Sheep 6.306 

Hogs 16,232 



Horses 3,947 

Mules 2,545 

Asses and burros .... 125 



Haxdbook of Tenmkssee. 171 

rUMBEPtLANI) (^OUXTY. 

Population in 1000, 8,311; population in 1890, 5,376. 
This county has an area of nearly 800 square miles. It 
is situated centrally upon the Cuipberland Plateau, at an 
elevation of about 2,000 feet above sea level, and is drained 
by affluents of both the Cmuberland and Tennessee Rivers. 
The surface is g'ently undulatiuG,', generally covered with 
timber, and entirely covered during nine or ten months 
each year with a luxuriant gro^vth of native grass, which 
constitutes it one of the very best gracing counties in tJie 
State. Coal is the most valuable possession, comp'rising 
two veins, kno^\Ti as the '' Bon Air block vein " and the 
" Sewanee coking vein," than which no better coal exists. 
Four coal mines are in successfid operation^ in the eastern 
and northern portions of the county, and two others are 
projected in the west and southwest. 

Crossville, the county seat, is located on the Tennessee 
( entral Kailroad, about the center of the county. Its sit- 
uation affords a commanding view of a wide extent of 
country and makes it a desirable summer resort. It has 
churches, schools, general stores, a bank, a weekly news- 
paper, and is the financial center of the rapidly-developing 
coal and timber industries. 

The average price of improved land in, the county ranges 
from $10 to $15 ]>er acre. C^oal and timber lands range 
in price from $10 to $15 per acre, while fine gTazing lands 
may be bought at $5 per acre. The opportimities for 
profitable investment in coal and timber lands and in stock 
raising, fruit growing, and other agricidtural pursuits are 
excellent. Inducements to home seekers wdiich the county 
offers are a healthful climate, pure water, hospitable and 
law-abiding citizenship, low price of lands, etc. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $l.<i5 
per acre. 

Xumber of manuf actmdng establislmients in the county, 
26: capital employed, $32,188; amount of wages paid 



172 



HAisfDBOOK OF Tennesseji;. 



during the year, $9,503 ; number of farms, 1,035 ; nnni- 
ber of acres, 152,417 ; nnmber of acres improved, 24,288 ; 
value of building's, $182,000 ; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $44,530 ; value of live stock, $246,- 
828 ; value of products* not fed to live stock, $247,941 ; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $9,600 ; total 
value of land and imnrovements, except buildings, $463,- 
300. 

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 117.690 

Wheat 2,060 

Oats 3,190 

Other cereals 1,716 

Potatoes 31,710 

Sweet potatoes 7,653 

Onions 850 

Beans 665 

Peas 1,348 

Value other vegetables .$15,492 

Peanuts 5 

Apples 53,873 

Cherries 108 

Peaches 169 

Pears 38 

Plums and prunes .... 65 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 389 

Millet 1,220 

Clover 247 



Other cultivated grasses 
Grains cut green for hay 
Other forage crops . . . 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 



TONS. 

1,503 

1,261 

742 

4 



Sorghum sirup (gallons) 11,516 

Tobacco (pounds) . . . 14,960 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 37,100 

Grapes (pounds) .... 40,350 

Cider (barrels) 75 

Vinegar (barrels) ... 18 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 61,215 

Cherry 559 

Peach 5,621 

Pear 335 

Plum and prune .... 575 

Grapevines 4,772 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits 



.$19,023 
. 1,021 



POULTRY AXD BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 5.291 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 9.814 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 80,810 

Value of bees on hand 4,454 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 32,790 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 770 



VALUE OF A.NIMAL PRODl'CTS LOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 36,839 00 

Animals slaughtered 28,359 00 



Total 



.$ 65,198 00 



LIVE STOCK ON TIAND. 



Cattle 5,444 

Sheep 9.532 

Hogs 18,998 



Horses 1,325 

Mules 923 

Asses and burros .... 33 



Handbook of Tennessee. 173 

DAVIDSON COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 122,815; population in 1890, 108,- 
174. This county has an area of 508 square miles, and 
is intersected hy the Cumberland River and Stone's 
River. Its surface is undulating, and in many localities 
it is well timbered. The soil is fertile and well adapted to 
diversified agriculture. The county snccessfully produces 
sixty-seven different field crops and fifty-four varieties of 
garden vegetables. The horticultural interests of the county 
are very considerable, and the conditions are favorable to 
this branch of industry. Ten varieties of berries are suc- 
cessfully grown in the county, and more than a dozen vari- 
eties of other fruits succeed well. There are twenty-one free 
turnpikes in the county, with a total mileage of 167 miles. 
The staple products are corn, wheat, oats, grass, fruits, cat- 
tle, hogs, and mules. 

Nashville, the county seat, is located on the Cumberland 
River, at an elevation above sea level of 460 feet. The river at 
this point is practically naAngable all the year around. Nash- 
ville is the capital of the State, and the Supreme Court aiid 
Court of Chancery Appeals for the Middle Division of the 
State hold their sessions here; the Federal Court for the !Micl- 
dle Division also holds its sessions here. The city has 140 
miles of improved streets, 59 miles of sewers; owns its electric 
light plant ; and is supplied with water from a reservoir hav- 
ing a capacity of 51,000,000 gallons. It has 72 miles of elec- 
tric street railways, carrying passengers to any part of the city 
for a single fare of 5 cents. The Nashville, Chattanooga and 
St. Louis Railway; the Louisville and Nashville Railroad; 
the Tennessee Central Railroad; and the Cumberland River 
furnish excellent transportation facilities. The freight rates 
are as favorable as those enjoyed by any other city in the State. 
The city has recently granted a franchise to a projected line 
of suburban electric railways, which is to connect it with 
various points in the surrounding country. This line, when 
constructed, will add largely to the city's transportation fa- 



174 Handbook of Tennessee. 

cilities. The wholesale trade of Nashville amounts to over 
$72,000,000 annually, and it is steadily increasing. It is 
the largest majiufacturing city in the State, producing 17 
per cent of the manufactured products of ' the State. The 
capita] employed in manufacturing industries is a little over 
$14,000,000, giving employment to 10,000 persons and an- 
nually disbursing $2,889,241 in wages. It is one of the 
largest hardwood lumber markets in the United States. Its 
milling interests are larger than those of any other South- 
ern city. It is the fourth boot-and-shoe market in the 
United States. Its bank clearings for 1902 show an average 
increase of 37 per cent over 1901. As an educational center, 
ISTashville ranks second in the United States. Its public 
schools are of the highest grade, and its numerous private 
institutions of learning have made it famous in all the 
branches of education. It has the largest printing and pub- 
lishing business of any city in the South, and its noM^spapers 
have a wide circulation and influence. It is in the front 
i-ank in the march of progress, growing and prospering daily. 
It wants more capital and more population. 

The average assessed value of land in the county in 1900 
was $28.67 per acre. 

The census of 1900 gives the following statistics of David- 
son County: Number of manufacturing establishments in 
the county, 580; capital employed, $15,024,878; amount of 
wagfes paid during the year, $3,180,025; number of farms, 
3,316; number of acres, 302,844; number of acres improved, 
177,337; value of buildings, $3,059,980; value of farming 
implements and machiner}^ $470,550; value of live stock, 
$1,486,389 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $2,083,- 
062 ; amount paid for farm labor during the year, $272,860 ; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, $9,- 
663,080. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



175 



AGRICULTUKAL PRODtTCTS FOB 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 726,960 

Wheat 321,370 

Oats 65,050 

Other cereals 8,760 

Potatoes 68,565 

Sweet potatoes 100,760 

Onions 19,293 

Beans 248 

Peas 8,570 

Value other vegetables. $171,755 

Grass seed 2 

Peanuts 115 

Apples 38,547 

Cherries 313 

Peaches 380 

Pears 1,549 

Plums and prunes . . . 7,950 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 15 

Millet . 3,129 

Clover 3,496 

Other cultivated grasses 6,121 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay 6,124 
Other forage crops . . . 3,219 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 701 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 43,618 

Cotton (bales) 4 

Tobacco (pounds) . . . .224,900 
Broom corn (pounds) . . 8,170 
Dried fruits (pounds) . . 230 
Grapes (pounds) . . . .220,059 

Wine (gallons) 2,215 

Cider (barrels) 90 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 48 

NU.VBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 171,222 

Cherry 7,771 

Peach 64,615 

Pear 12,577 

Plum and prune .... 385 
Grapevines 33,951 

Value forest products . .$60,034 
Value of small fruits . . 41,917 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 45,494 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 86,251 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 664,510 

Value of bees on hand 5,090 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 23,870 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 440 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $274,320 00 

Animals slaughtered 131,748 00 



Total $406,068 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 21,81S 

Sheep 8,554 

Hogs 22,911 



Horses 14,733 

Mules 5,280 

Asses and burros .... 243 



176 Handbook of Tennessee, 

D'KALB COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 16,460; population in 1890, 15,- 
650. Tliis county has an area of 310 square miles, and is 
intersected by the Cumberland River and the Caney Fork 
Tviver. Its surface is hilly in part and is well covered 
with forests. Its soil is fertile. Tlie staple products are 
corn, wheat, and pork. The average price of improved 
land in tlie highlands ranges from $2 to $15 per acre; low- 
lands and river bottoms, from $10 to $75 per acre. The 
price of unimproved land in the highland coimtry ranges 
from $2 to $5 per acre. The county has beds of kaolin and 
coal, and zinc and iron ore are found in diiferent paxtsi of 
the county. It is a splendid fruit-growing sciction. As a 
special inducement tO' home seekers may be mentioned the 
high and dry climate, good water, good schools, fine society, 
no droughts or epidemics. 

Smithville, the county seat, is 60 miles east by south 
of Xashvillei. It has churches, schools, good general 
stores, a spoke and liandle f actoi-y, flouring mills, a weekly 
newspaper, and a bank. The population of the to^vn is 
1,000. 

Alexandria is a thriving town, with a weekly newspa^^er, 
schools, churches, and excellent commercial facilities. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $7.23 
per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
17 ; capital employed, $71,548 ; amount of wages paid dur- 
ing the year, $7,526 ; nmnber of fanns, 2,446 ; number 
of acres, 193,331; number of acres improved, 96,212; 
value of buildings, $435,910; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $121,130; value of live stock, 
$672,621 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $919,- 
880 ; amount paid for farm labor during the year, $20,- 
630 ; total value of laud and improvements, except build- 
ings, $1,655,140. 



Handbook ok Tennessee. 



177 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



Bl'SHELS 

Corn 917.730 

Wheat 108,200 

Oats 22,030 

Other cereals 1,850 

Potatoes 8,494 

Sweet potatoes 14,336 

Onions 1.094 

Beans 498 

Peas 12.174 

Value other vegetables .$26,001 

Clover seed 10 

Other grass seed .... 1,739 

Peanuts 8 

Apples 115,723 

Cherries 43 

Peaches 1,528 

Pears 105 

Plums and prunes .... 357 

TONS. 

Millet 3,214 

Clover 901 

Other cultivated grasses 1,618 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay 334 
Other forage crops . . . 830 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 131 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 34,195 

Cotton (bales) 6 

Tobacco (pounds) .... 59,200 

Broom corn (pounds) . . 1,220 
Dried fruits (pounds) . .129,580 

Grapes (pounds) .... 18,767 

Wine (gallons) 42 

Cider (barrels) 141 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 101 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TRF.ES. 

Apple 127,137 

Cherry 1,751 

Peach 28,670 

Pear 1,058 

Plum and prune 13,934 

Grapevines 2,410 

Value forest products . . $49,279 
Value of small fruits . . 96 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value Of poultry on hand $ 26,443 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 51,977 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 594,730 

Value of bees on hand 6,932 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 23,790 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 810 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $192,489 00 

Animals slaughtered 106,333 00 



Total $298,822 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 7,807 

Sheep 7,035 

Hogs 28,584 



Horses 4,424 

Mules 3,478 

Asses and burros .... 185 



178 Handbook of Tennessee. 

dicksoj^ county. 

Population in. 1900, 18,635; population in 1890, 13,- 
645. This county has an area of about 620 square miles, 
and is l>ounded on the northeast by the Cuinberlan,d. River 
and partly drained by the Harpeth River. Its surface is 
undulating- and in many localities covered with forests. 
JliumeroLis stave factories are scattered throughout the 
county. Its soil is fertile, and its products are corn, to- 
bacco, wheat, and pork. Celery is grown very satisfac- 
torily in this county. 

Charlotte, tlie county seat, is 12 miles from the Nash- 
ville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway. It has a 
weekly newspaper, churches, schools, and splendid com- 
mercial facilities. 

Dickson, on the JS^ashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis 
Railway, is in tliis county, and is a flourishing' town of 
1,363 inhabitants, a,c<?ording to the census of 1900, which 
is an increase of 25 per cent over 1890. It has pros- 
perous business houses of various kinds, good churches, 
a fine normal school (extensively patronized), a national 
bank, and weekly newspapers. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $3.41 
per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the comity, 
79 ; capital employed, $387,028 ; amoimt of wages paid 
during the year, $122,155 ; number of farms, 2,209 ; nmn- 
ber of acres, 237,881 ; number of acres improved, 88,676 ; 
value of buildings, $519,060; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $141,350; value of live stock, 
$570,259 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $709,- 
613 ; amount paid for farm labor during the year, $30,- 
160 ; total ■\'alue of land and improvements, except build- 
ings, $1,263,410. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



179 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1S99. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 558,730 

Wheat 58,290 

Oats 42,470 

Other cereals 158 

Potatoes 7,402 

Sweet potatoes 15,179 

Onions 997 

Beans 594 

Peas 5,554 

Value other vegetables .$36,274 

Peanuts 604 

Apples • • • • 31,950 

Cherries 84 

Peaches 110 

Pears 230 

Plums and prunes . . . 775 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 41 

Millet 551 

Clover 1,038 

Other cultivated grasses 1,597 

Grains cut green for hay 1,219 



TONS. 

Other forage crops . . . 1,005 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 175 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 15,600 

Cotton (bales) 1 

Tobacco (pounds) . . .1,236,310 
Broom corn (pounds) . 2,580 
Dried fruits (pounds) . . 2,200 
Grapes (pounds) .... 29,157 
Wine (gallons) 119 


Cider (barrels) . . . 


179 


Vinegar (barrels) . . 




55 



NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 68,430 

Cherry 1,631 

Peach 38,580 

Pear 1,786 

Plum and prune .... 5,545 

Grapevines 5,156 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits . 



.$80,762 
536 



I'OULTRY AXK I'.EES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 19,353 00 

Value of poultry laised in 1899 29.963 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 286,710 

Value of bees on hand 3,663 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 16,970 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 980 

A'ALL'K OF AXX^rAI. PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 85,117 00 

Animals slaughtered 90,080 00 



Total $175,197 00 



I,IVE ST'OCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 8,075 

Sheep 5,391 

Hogs 21,885 



Horses 2,668 

Mules 3,249 

Asses and burros .... 77 



180 Handbook of Tennessee. 

FENTEESS COl^XTY. 

Population in 1900, 6,106; population in 1890, 5,226. 
This oonnty has an area, of about 510 square miles. It 
borders on Kentucky, and is drained bj the Cuniberland 
River and Obe^^'s River. Its surface is marked by hills 
and high table-lands. It has line timber and coal. The 
range for stock is splendid. There are good opportunities 
for investments in oil, timber, and coal lands. The sta- 
ple products of the county are com, wheat, pork, and cat- 
tle. The county is well adapted to sheep raising. The 
average price of land is about $4 per acre. 

Jamestown, the county seat, is situated 70 miles north- 
west of Knoxville. It has a weekly newspaper, schools, 
churches, and general mercantile establishments. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $2.16 
per acre. 

T^inuber of manufacturing establisliments in the county, 
21; capital employed, $41,545; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $4,658 ; numter of farms, 972 ; num- 
ber of acres, 177,022 ; nimiber of acres improved, 37,607 ; 
value of buildings, $140,580 ; value of farming imyde- 
ments and machinery, $45,230; value of live stock, $211,- 
847; value of products not fed to live stock, $236,145; 
amount paid for farm labor during tlie year, $11,040; 
total value of land and improvements, except liuildings, 
$507,440. 



Ha N D H < ) (J K < ) F T E N N E S S E K . 



181 



AGRTCULTUKAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 155,570 

Wheat 4,610 

Oats 9,140 

Other cereals 1,440 

Potatoes 15,293 

Sweet potatoes 9,650 

Onions 1,207 

Beans 957 

Peas 1,075 

Value other vegetables. $11,503 

Peanuts 13 

Apples 79,732 

Cherries 2 

Peaches 3 

Pears 16 

Plums and prunes ... 16 

TON.S. 

Wild grasses 267 

Millet 316 

Clover 675 

Other cultivated grasses. 297 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay 72 
Other forage crops . . . 103 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 188 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 3,900 

Tobacco (pounds) . . . 16,690 

Broom corn (pounds) . . 960 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 49,260 

Grapes (pounds) .... 15,839 

Cider (barrels) 129 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 61 

xr.MnER OF FRUIT trf:ks. 

Apple 74,737 

Cherry 479 

Peach 7,055 

Pear 382 

Plum and prune .... 809 
Grapevines 3,993 

Value forest products . .$27,430 
Value of small fruits . . 246 



POl'LTRY A.\D BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 5,365 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 11,099 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 75,570 

Value of bees on hand 4,164 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 27,210 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 690 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 25,616 00 

Animals slaughtered 30,998 00 



Total $ 56,614 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 4,195 

Sheep 4,844 

Hogs 11,755 



Horses 

Mules 

Asses and burros 



956 

741 

31 



182 Handhook of Tennessee. 

FRANKLIN' COU^TTY. 

Population in 1900, 20,392 ; population in 1890, 18,- 
929. This county has an area of 570 square miles, and 
is drained by Elk River and numerous small streams. 
A portion of its surface is embraced in the Cumberland 
Alountain. The surface is hilly or table-lands, and in 
many localities there is a fine growth of timber. Its soil 
is partly fertile. Tobacco can be growm, with pi'ofit. 
Com, wheat, and hogs are the staple products. The ISTash- 
ville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway intersects the 
county. 

Winchester, the county seat, is situated on a brancii of 
the l^ashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway and 
on Elk River, 85 miles southwest of Xashville. It 
has good schools and churches, two weekly newspapers, and 
is a first-class coimty town, surrounded by beautiful scen- 
ery. Tlie Paulist Fathers have a beautiful retreat of over 
300 acres near the town. The population of the town in 
1900 was 1,338. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $5.29 
per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
59 ; capital employed, $234,793 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $72,327 ; number of farms, 2,342 ; num- 
ber of acres, 254,441 ; number of acres improved, 128,983 ; 
value of buildings, $717,990; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $218,130 ; value of live stock, $631,- 
732; value of products not fed to live stock, $1,062,856; 
amomit paid for farm labor during the year, $60,820; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$2,274,580. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



183 



AGRICXJLTUBAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 868,670 

Wheat 323 J60 

Oats 33,620 

Other cereals 2,332 

Potatoes 7,644 

Sweet potatoes 21,458 

Onions 757 

Beans 388 

Peas 10,670 

Value other vegetables .$33,096 

Clover seed 29 

Other grass seed .... 673 

Peanuts 154 

Apples 48,143 

Cherries 21 

Peaches 135 

Pears 140 

Plums and prunes .... 124 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 92 

Millet 1,217 

Clover 55& 



TONS. 

Other cultivated grasses 1,464 
Grains cut green for hay 4,643 
Other forage crops . . . 2,412 

Cotton (bales) 29 

Tobacco (pounds) . . . 26,140 

Broom corn (pounds) . 1,100 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 890 

Grapes (pounds) .... 72,952 

Wine (gallons) 1,148 

Cider (barrels) 86 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 58 

NUMBUR OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 93,731 

Cherry 1,289 

Peach 22,465 

Pear 1,074 

Plum and prune .... 1,6(2 

Grapevines 28,688 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits 



.$35,962 
. 1,096 



POT LTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 23,099 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 45,559 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 360,220 

Value of bees on hand 5,383 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 32.160 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 940 

VALUE OF AMMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $107,717 00 

Animals slaughtered 94,691 00 



Total $202,408 00 



LlYK .STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 10,541 

Sheep 3,745 

Hogs 25,055 



Horses 4,444 

Mules 2,989 

Asses and burros .... 90 



184 Ha:^dijook of Tejvn^essee. 

GILES COUXTY. 

Population in 1900, 33,035; population in 1890, 34,- 
957. This county borders on Alabama, and has an area 
of 656 square miles. It is drained by Elk River and 
Richland Creek. Its surface is undulating, and many 
parts of the county are well timbered with oak, ash, hick- 
ory, locust, poplar, and cedar. The soil is very produc- 
tive. It is one of the few cotton-producing counties in 
tlie ]\riddle Division. Com, cotton, wheat, cattle, hogs, 
and fruit are the staple products. The county is inter- 
sected by the Louisville and ]S[ashville Railroad. 

Pulaski, the county seat, is located on Ricliland Creek 
and the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, 81 miles south 
by west of ISTashville. It is an up-to-date town, of 2,838 
population in 1900. It has two newspapers, strong banks, 
fine churches and schools, and floiurishing mercantile estab- 
lishments. It ships from 8,000 to 10,000 bales of cotton 
annually. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $9.55 
per acre. 

Xmnber of manufacturing establishments in the counts', 
109 ; capital employed, $30-1,846 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $65,874; number of farms, 4,276; num- 
ber of acres, 340,702 ; number of acres improved, 224,- 
783; value of buildings, $1,438,850; value of farming 
implements and machinery^, $329,370; value of live stock, 
$1,263,235; value of products not fed to live stock, $L,- 
784,432 ; amount paid for farm labor during the year, 
$82,630 ; total value of land and improvements, except 
buildings, $4,445,400. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



185 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOE 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 1,798,040 

Wheat 265,110 

Oats 69,310 

Other cereals 8,330 

Potatoes 6,141 

Sweet potatoes 10,486 

Onions 644 

Beans 604 

Peas 18,181 

Value other vegetables .$49,455 

Clover seed 3 

Other ^ass seed .... 1.559 

Peanuts 262 

Apples 42,21? 

Cherries 28 

Peaches 400 

Pears 566 

Plums and prunes . . . 328 

TONS 

Wild grasses 21 

Millet 1,694 

Clover 1,284 



TONS. 

Other cultivated grasses 1,099 
Grains cut green for hay 1,466 
Other forage crops . . . 2,300 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 2,079 
Sorghum sirup (gallons) 40,536 

Cotton (bales) 6,122 

Tobacco (pounds) . . . 6,250 
Broom corn (pounds) . . 3,490 
Dried fruits (pounds) . . 11,280 
Grapes (pounds) .... 44,349 

Wine (gallons) 2 

Cider (barrels) 48 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 35 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 104,339 

Cherry 1,907 

Peach 54,784 

Pear 6,789 

Plum and prune .... 7,o59 

Grapevines 6.285 

Value forest products .$107,156 
Value of small fruits . . 916 



POULTRY AXD BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 48,942 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 90.062 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 588.880 

Value of bees on hand 5.213 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 32.640 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 1,680 

VALUE OF A.M.\rAL PP.ODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $295,339 00 

Animals slaughtered 156,627 00 



Total $451,966 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 19,123 

Sheep 9,631 

Hogs 41,430 



Horses 9,013 

Mules 5,551 

Asses and burros .... 299 



186 Handbook of Tennessee. 

GRUATDY COUNTY. ^ 

Population in 1900, 7,802 ; population in 1890, 6,345. 
Tliis county lies on the southern border of the Middle 
Division, and bounds the Eastern Division of the State 
on the north and west. 

Altamont, the county seat, is on the Cumberland Moun- 
tain, 140 uiiles southeast of Nashville. 

Tracy ('ity, tbe principal town, also on the Cumberland 
Mountain, 13 miles south of Altamont, has a. population 
of 3,000. It is a mining town, the mines being operated 
by 600 resident miners, who are excellent citizens. It is 
on the line of the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis 
Railway, and is the terminus of a branch road from Cowan 
by way of the University of the South, at Sewanee. 

Gruetli, a Swiss settlement and village, is located on 
the Cumberland i\Iountain, l^/o miles southeast of Alta- 
mont. The Swiss settlers are all doing well, and have 
nicely-arranged mountain farms, producing grapes, which 
are manufactured into excellent wine. 

The county produces an abundance of vegetables, such 
as potatoes, cabbage, onions, etc. It also produces hay 
and different grains, such as com, rye, and oats. Elk 
liiver drains the ( Jumberland Mountain from the east and 
south, and the (lollins River drains it from tlie east and 
north. The county has an area of 325 square miles. It 
is 1,800 feet above sea level, and the mountain portion 
of it is about 2,200 feet above sea level. The average 
price of improved land in the valleys is about $20 per acre ; 
on the mountain, $2.50. There is considerable unim- 
proved land for sale at about $1.50 per acre, also unim- 
proved valley land at $12.50 per acre. There are op- 
portunities for investment of capital in coal, timber, and 
agricultural lands. The inducemenits to home seekers are 
cheap lands, fine climate, hospitable people, and good citi- 
zenship, with good school and church facilities. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



187 



The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $1.!K) 
per acre. 

Xinnber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
24; capital employed, $204,082; amoimt of wages ])ai(l 
during the year, $43,680; number of farms, 584; nuui- 
ber of acres, 69,406; number of acres improved, 19,297; 
value of building's, $126,920; value of farming imple- 
uients and machinery, $40,500; value of live stock, $145,- 
395 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $198,158 ; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $9,600 ; 
total value of land and impro^'ements, except buildings, 
$356,090. 

AGKICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 116,940 

Wheat 23.710 

Oats 1,160 

Other cereals 310 

Potatoes 10,423 

Sweet potatoes .... 7,38b 

Onions 671 

Beans 251 

Peas 1,303 

Value other vegetables. $12,053 

Clover seed 15 

Peanuts 20 

Apples 39,891 

Cherries 172 

Peaches 23 

Pears 427 

Plums and prunes .... 96 



Wild grasses 

Millet 

Clover 

Other cultivated gi'asses 



TONS. 

45 
313 
251 
319 



TONS- 

Grains cut green for hay 1,492 
Other forage crops . . . 359 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 162 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 3,567 

Tobacco (pounds) . . . 7,140 

Broom corn (pounds) . . 310 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 3,470 

Grapes (pounds) .... 48,150 

Wine (gallons) .... 2,255 

Cider (barrels) 231 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 76 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 61,328 

Cherry 1,304 

Peach 6,721 

Pear 899 

Plum and piime .... 1,732 
Grapevines 11,128 

Value forest products . .$20,622 
Value of small fruits . . 385 



188 Handbook of Tennessee. 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 4,153 00 

Value of poultry raised In 1899 7,304 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 54,630 

Value of bees on hand 3,961 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 20,160 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 ' 840 

A'^VLUE OF AiXIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 20,421 00 

Animals slaughtered 23,303 00 



Total $ 43,724 00 

LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 

Cattle 3,776 Horses 1,070 

Sheep 1,277 S Mules 749 

Hogs 8,472 Asses and burros .... 31 



HICKMA^T COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 16,367; population in, 1890, 14,- 
499. This county has an area of 640 square miles, and is 
intersected by Duck River. The soil is very fertile. The 
southwestern, portion of the county is especially adapted 
to cattle and hog' raising', and the eastern portion, which 
eni]>races Duck River Valley, produces wheat, corn, oats, 
blue grass, and other gTasses. The uplands are suitable 
for tobacco, small gTain, and fruit growing. A large 
yiixri of this section is unimproved and would make beau- 
liful homes for home seekers. The uplands are covered 
with a fine growth of oak, poplar, and chestnut, with some 
liickory and walnut. There are a nmnber of stave man- 
ufactories in portions of the county. The; sta]ilei products 
are corn, wheat, pork, peanuts, and mules. 

Around Centerville, the county seat,, rich ]>lio-sphate 
mines are located, and south of Centerville: are rich l)eds 
of iron ore. There are three large iron furnaces in the 
county. At tlie present time only one of these is in oper- 
ation. Centerville has a weekly news])aper, schools, 
churches, banks, and live and entei"p rising merchants. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 189 

The Xasliville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway 
runs through the mineral and timber portions of the 
county. Th.e county, being located in the highest latitude, 
is noted for its healthful and delightful climate. The 
average price of improved upland is about $15 per acre: 
creek bottom land, about $40 ; river bottom land, about 
$60. There is considerable unimproved land at from $3 
to $5 per acre. There are six rolling mills, one handle 
factory, a nimil>er of saA\anills, and one cotton mill in the 
county. It is suggested that a plant toi clean, and dr\- 
pliosphate would prove a good investment, also a fertilizer 
factory, and one or two furnaces to work up- the iron ore. 
Fruit growing, tobacco culture, cattle and sheep raising- 
are all profitable agricultural pursuits, and there are large 
liodies of land in the county especially adapted to this liusi- 
ness for sale at reasonable prices. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $o.7- 
per acre. 

Niunber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
76; capital employed, $477,230; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $80,004 ; number of farms, 1,883 ; nmu- 
ber of acres, 242,815 ; number of acres improved, 87,673 ; 
value of buildings, $524,080 ; value of fanning imple- 
ments and machinery, $140,500 ; value of live stock, 
$710,710; value of products not fed to live stock, $978,- 
028 : amount paid for farm labor during the year, $42,- 
780 ; total value of land and improvements, except build- 
ings, $1,720,250. 



190 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICTJLTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 990,090 

Wheat 92,710 

Oats 49,590 

Other cereals 870 

Potatoes 7.775 

Sweet potatoes 15,286 

Onions 1,323 

Beans 451 

Peas 12,173 

Value other vegetables .$41,367 

Clover seed 80 

Peanuts 55,039 

Apples 43,441 

Cherries 27 

Peaches 7,397 

Pears 579 

Plums and prunes . . . 890 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 18 

Millet 653 

Clover 1,258 

Other cultivated grasses 1,180 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay 2,027 
Other forage crops . . . 1,417 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 829 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 22,641 

Cotton (bales) 10 

Tobacco (pounds) .... 8,190 

Broom corn (pounds) . . 1,680 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 6,410 

Grapes (pounds) .... 9,433 

Wine (gallons) 25 

Cider (barrels) 137 

Vinegar (barrels) ... 4S 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

A.pple 44,557 

Cherry 641 

Peach 26,875 

Pear 1.617 

Plum and prune .... 6,0i0 

Grapevines 1,770 

Value forest products .$83,948 
Value of small fruits . . 124 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 25,423 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 36,432 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 308,370 

Value of bees on hand 5,691 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 27,890 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 1,380 

VALUE OF AN.tMAE PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $166,490 00 

Animals slaughtered 110,212 00 



Total $276,702 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HANL. 



Cattle 8,840 

Sheep 6,865 

Hogs 25,530 



Horses 2,690 

Mules 3,959 

Asses and burros .... 126 



Handbook of Tennessee. 191 

HOUSTON COUNTY. 

Population in U)00, 6,476; population in 1890, 5,890. 
This county has an area of 210 square miles. It is 
bounded on the north by the Cviniberland River; on the 
H'cst, by the Tennessee River. Its surfac© is hilly, and 
tlie soil is fertile. The county is moderately well supplied 
with timber. The staple products are tobacco, corn, grass, 
and fruit. It is traversed by the Louisville and Nash- 
ville Railroad. The average price of improved land is 
$6 per acre. A large quantity of unimproved land ranges 
from $1 to $2 per acr(^'. The cxjunty has good schools, 
churches, an abundant supply of water, and the climate 
is healthful. There are opportunities for profitable in- 
vestments in cattle, also in mining. The indications for 
coal oil are as good as any elsewhere in the State. 

Erin, the county seat, is located near the Cmnberland 
River, 28 miles southwest of ClarksviUe. It has churches, 
schools, general stores, a weekly newspaper, a wagon fac- 
tory, and a sawmill. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $8.89 
per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
20; capital employed, $151,690; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $62,732 ; nmnber of farms, 693 ; nmn- 
ber of acres, 75,110; number of acres improved, 25,714; 
value of buildings, $137,490; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $34,640 ; value of live stock, $174,- 
507; value of products not fed to live stock, $199,120; 
amount paid for fanu labor dirring tlie year, $6,480 ; to- 
tal value of land and impirovements, except buildings, 
$353,770. 



192 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGEICULTUKAL PRODUCTS FOK 1899. 



BUSHEI^S. 

Corn 197,710 

Wheat 9,930 

Oats 6,360 

Other cereals 20 

Potatoes 6,459 

Sweet potatoes 7.524 

Onions 85 

Beans 63 

Peas 490 

Value other vegetables . $9,441 

Peanuts 163 

Apples 4,224 

Cherries 3 

Peaches 16 

Plums and prunes . . . 101 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 2 

Millet 475 

Clover 543 



TONS. 

Other cultivated grasses 404 

Grains cut green for hay 425 

Other forage crops . . . 143 

Sorghum cane sold ... 20 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 6,241 
Tohacco (pounds) . . .494,260 
Dried fruits (pounds) . . 550 

Cider (barrels) 8 

Vinegar (barrels) ... 4 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TRF.F.S. 

Apple 11,026 

Cherry 31 

Peach 2,645 

Pear 570 

Plum and prune .... 445 

Value forest products .$11,552 
Value of small fruits . . 262 



POTTLTRY Ar^D BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 6,372 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 10,019 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 88,830 

Value of bees on hand 1,242 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 6,230 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 300 

VALVE OF ANIMAL PRODt'CTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 18,674 00 

Animals slaughtered 30,051 00 



Total $ 48,725 00 



LIA'^E STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 3,016 

Sheep 1,883 

Hogs 8,038 



Horses 829 

Mules 1,089 

Asses and burros .... 26 



Handbook of Tennessee, 193 

IIUMPHREYS COUNTY. 

Popiilatioii in 1900, 13,398; population in 1890, 11,- 
720. This county has an area of 420 square miles, and is 
bounded on the west by the Tennessee River. Its surface 
is partly hillj, but immense bodies of the richest land 
lie along Duck River and in the valley of the Tennessee 
River. In some localities forests of ash, oak, walnut, 
beech, and hickory are found. This is one of tbe few 
good peanut-producing' counties in the State. Corn,, 
wheat, peanuts, grass, and pork are the staple products. 
The J^ashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway trav- 
erses tlie county. 

Waverly, the county seat, is located on the ]*^ashville, 
Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway. It has churches and 
schools, general stores, a weekly newspaper, and a national 
bank, and is one of the largest shipping points in the State 
for peanuts. Its population in 1900 was 786. 

McEwen is a floiirisliing town on the l^ashville, Chat- 
tanooga and St. Louis Railway. It lias fine schools, a 
weekly newspaper, and prosperous mercantile establish- 
ments. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 Avas $4.40 
per acre. 

!N umber of manufacturing establishments in tJie county, 
67: capital euj ployed, $202,194; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $50,684 ; number of farms, 1,643 ; nmn- 
ber of acres,- 235,369 ; nimiber of acres improved, 69,095 ; 
value of buildings, $392,170 ; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $106,610 ; value of live stock, $532,- 
034: value of products not fed to live stock, $694,559; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $39.040 ; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$1,556,760. 



194 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGKICTTXTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 856,670 

Wheat 8,280 

Oats 34,710 

Other cereals 2 

Potatoes 8,992 

Sweet potatoes 14,765 

Onions 168 

Beans 123 

Peas 4,197 

Value other vegetables .$21,893 

Grass seed 40 

Peanuts . . . 197,469 

Apples 17,869 

Cherries 1 

Peaches 115 

Pears 372 

Plums and prunes . . . 848 

TON'S. 

Wild grasses 16 

Millet 1,179 

Clover 712 

Other cultivated grasses 904 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay 3,186 
Other forage crops . . . 320 
Sorghum cane sold ... 14 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 16,973 

Tobacco (pounds) . . . 20,900 

Broom corn (pounds) . . 1,680 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 9,510 

Grapes (pounds) .... 11,012 

Wine (gallons) .... 8 

Cider (barrels) 66 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 2b 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TRF.K.S. 

Apple 32,917 

Cherry 886 

Peach 16,944 

Pear 1,195 

Plum and prune .... o,448 

Grapevines 1,597 

Value forest products .$57,995 
Value of small fruits . . 176 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 15,560 00 

Value of poultry I'aised in 1899 27,900 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 214,100 

Value of bees on hand 4,803 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 11,800 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 1,400 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 90,905 00 

Animals slaughtered 76,631 00 



Total $167,536 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 8,672 

Sheep 4,944 

Hogs 21,348 



Horses 2,184 

Mules 3,046 

Asses and burros .... 51 



Handbook of Tennessee. 195 

JACKSON COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 15,039; population in 1S!)(), l;5,- 
325. This connty lias an area of '2S0 square miles. It 
is intersected by the Cumberland Kiver. The surface of 
the county is hilly and well covered with timber, and its 
soil is fertile. It is a good county for slieep' and cattle 
raisin.2:, havinc: fine pasture lands. The staple products 
are corn, wheat, gTass, cattle, and pork. The average 
price of improved land is $10 per acre. There are oppor- 
tunities for investment of capital in timber lands, and in 
some sections of the county coal oil is found. It is a splen- 
did comity for fruit growing. Land is cheap and fertile 
and convenient to railroad and river. The county is well 
supplied with schools. 

The county seat, Gainesboro, is situated near the right 
bank of the Cumberland River, 68 miles east of jSTashville 
by land. It has churches, a bank, a weekly newsjiaper, 
and general stores. 

The average assessed value of land for 1900 was $6.13 
per acre. 

ISTumber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
35; capital employed, $53,930; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $14,269 ; number of farms, 2,365 ; num- 
ber of acres, 175,842 ; number of acres improved, 81,560: 
value of buildings. $349,830 ; value of farming im])le- 
ments and machinery, $89,020 ; value of live stock, $544,- 
751; value of products not fed to live stock, $768,987; 
amount paid for f ann labor during the year, $29,800 ; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$1,532,770. 



1% 



Ih 



.-VNDIJOOK OF 



EXNESSEE. 



AGKICTVLTVIJAI. PRODtC'TS FOU 1899. 



Ul'SHHLS. 

€orn 912,960 

Wheat 54.590 

Oats 23,370 

Other cereals 780 

Potatoes 9,135 

Sweet potatoes 15,654 

Onions 675 

Beans 549 

Peas 15,842 

Value other vegetables .$39,099 

Peanuts 17 

Apples 69,281 

Cherries 62 

Peaches 665 

Pears 363 

Plums and piiines . . . 3,478 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 56 

Millet 786 

Clover 768 

Other cultivated grasses 177 

^Grains cut green for hay 1,393 





TON.S- 


Other forage crops . . 


866 


Sorghum cane sold . . 


25 


Sorghum sirup (gallons] 


47.011 


Cotton (bales) .... 


3 


Tobacco (pounds) . . 


387,520 


Broom corn (pounds) . 


2,090 


Dried fruits (pounds) . 


81,850 


Grapes (pounds) . . . 


6,608 


Wine (gallons) .... 


3 


Cider (barrels) .... 


80 


Vinegar (barrels) . . 


53 



N'I'MHER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 76,352 

Cherry 1,068 

Peach 17,972 

Pear 1,663 

Plum and prune 36,397 

Grapevines 778 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits 



.$52,752 
32 



POri/rKY AND liEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 23,534 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 47,151 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 318,310 

Value of bees on hand 6,651 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 27.850 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 930 

VALUE OF ANI.MAL PROIUTTS FOIi 1899. 

Live animals sold $144,925 00 

Animals slaughtered 86,243 00 



Total $231,168 00 



IJA'F, STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 7,770 

Sheep 6,289 

Hogs 24,595 



Horses 3,075 

Mules 2,538 

Asses and burros .... 60 



]Ia>'1)Book ov Tennessp:e. 197 

LAWRENCE COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 15,402 ; population in 1890, 12,- 
286. This county has an area of 676 square miles. Its 
suii'ace is diversified in the southern section and well tim- 
hered ; tlie section north of Lawrencehurg is nearly 
level. The price of improved land varies from $.") to $40 
per acre. ]\Iuch of it is wild and covered with timber. 
This land sells for a nominal price — say, from $1 to $2.50 
per acre. There are large areas of this land suitable for 
grazing, and the sheep industry is being introduced with 
success. There are excellent beds of iron ore in the south- 
ern part. There are also deposits of phosphate in- the 
vicinity of Lawrenceburg and Pleasant Point which have 
not yet been dev^eloped. Farms can be bought on ^'ery 
reasonable terms. Its school and church facilities are 
equal to those of many Avealthier counties. It is practi- 
cally a "■ dry " county, the saloons having been voted out 
(if the county seat under the 2,000-population exten- 
sion of the four-mile law. There are a number of 
thriving little towns in the county, which afford good 
trade centers for their respective communities. That 
which promises more than all else in the upbuilding of the 
county is the cultivation of tobacco. This industry has 
been tried for the past few years with marked success. 
It seems that the cheapest grade of land in the county is 
proving to be the best tobacco land, a fact which means 
much for the increase in wealth of tlie county where! the 
tobacco industiw has been established. The staple ]>rod- 
ucts of the country are corn, cotton, wheat, grass, and pork. 

Lawrenceburg, the county seat, is situated on the 
Louisville and Nash^dlle Railroad and Shoal Creek, 74 
miles southwest of Nashville. It has fine churches, 
schools, a good electric light system, a bank, a weekly news- 
paper, a lumber mill, a planing mill, and well-built houses. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $2.95 
per acre. 



198 



Handbook of Texnessee. 



. ]Sr umber of manufacturing establislimeuts in the cnunty, 
S-l ; capital employed, $240,045 ; amount of wages i^iiid 
during the year, $100,153 ; number of farms, 1,724 ; num- 
ber of acres, 219,282; number of acres improved, 63,553 ; 
value of buildings, $312,540; value of farming imple^ 
ments and machinery, $99,610; value of live stock, $353,- 
199; value of products not fed to live stock, $450,689; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $12,250; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$931,640. 

AGKICULTURAIi PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHKLS. 

Corn 408,930 

Wheat 55,510 

Oats 18,330 

Other cereals 520 

Potatoes 6,144 

Sweet potatoes 8,659 

Onions 447 

Beans 266 

Peas 3,370 

Value other vegetables .$17,132 

Grass seed 207 

Peanuts 1,174 

Apples 38,003 

Cherries 2 

Peaches 32 

Pears 31 

Plums and prunes . . . 441 



Wild grasses . . 

Millet 

Clover 

Other cultivated 



grasses 



1 
598 
214 

1.085 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay 450 
Other forage crops . . . 466 
Sorghum cane sold . . 



259 



Sorghum sirup (gallons 


) 5,454 


Cotton (bales) .... 


113 


Tobacco (pounds) . . 


16,760 


Broom corn (pounds) . 


130 


Dried fruits (pounds) . 


. 4,830 


Grapes (pounds) . . . 


.104,745 


Wine (gallons) .... 


. 4.379 


Cider (barrels) .... 


85 


Vinegar (barrels) . . 


54 



NUMBER OF FRl'IT TREES. 

Apple 56,064 

Cherry 657 

Peach 28,673 

Pear 1.554 

Plum and prune 3,817 

Grapevines 31,011 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits 



.$56,317 
286 



Handbook of Tennessee. 199 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 11,902 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 18,777 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 194,360 

Value of bees on hand 4,527 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 18,870 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 1,500 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 37,625 00 

Animals slaughtered 62,235 00 



Total $ 99,860 00 

LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 

Cattle 6,520 | Horses 2,621 

Sheep 5.590 j Mules 1,732 

Hogs 17,797 Asses and burros .... 40 



LEWIS COU^TXY. 

Population in 1900, 4,455 ; population in 1890, 2,555. 
This county has an area of 280 square miles, and is 
drained by Duck River and Buffalo River. Its surface is 
uneven and hillj, with a fine growth' of timber. It is one 
of the best peanut-producing counties in the State. It is 
intersected by tlie Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis 
Railway. Its staple products are corn, wheat, peanuts, 
grass, oats, and pork. The average price of improved 
land is about $25 per acre. There is a large amount of 
unimproved land in the county for sale at about $2 per 
acre. Iron ore, oxide of iron, and ocher are found in tlie 
county. The county is fast developing as a wheat-growing 
section. Lands heretofore called " barren " are producing 
froui 25 to 30 bushels tO' the acre. This wheat was sown 
after two crops of stock peas on land that originallly cost 
about $2 per acre. Water power in tlie county is good. 

Hohenwald is the connty seat. It has a weekly news- 
paper, fine schools and churches, and flourishing mercan- 
tile establishments. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $3.01 
per acre. 



200 Handbook of Tennessee. 

ISTumber of maniif acturing establishments in the county, 
24 ; capital employed, $323,302 ; amount of wages paid 
dui-ing the year, $40,419 ; nmnber of farms, 540 ; num- 
ber of acres, 62,282 ; nmnber of acres improved, 15,967 ; 
value of buildings, $89,160 ; value of farming implements 
and machinery, $31,700; value of. live stock, $138,196; 
value of products not fed to live stock, $150,286; amount 
paid for farm labor during the year, $3,190 ; total value 
of land and improvements, except buildings, $350,600. 

AGRICUT.TUKAIi PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

BUSHELS. TONS. 

Corn 138,750 Grains cut green for hay 631 

Wheat 5,060 Other forage crops ... 484 

Oats 2,350 Sorghum cane sold ... 7 



Other cereals 210 

Potatoes 2,495 



Sorghum sirup (gallons) 7,308 
Tobacco (pounds) . . . 7,560 



Sweet potatoes 3.389 Broom corn (pounds) ". '. '2OO 

^^^°^^ *^ Dried fruits (pounds) . . 3,180 

Grapes (pounds) .... 4,029 

,. , ., , ,, ».,rtono Wine (gallons) 186 

value other vegetables .$10,803 cider (barrels) 12 



Beans 173 

Peas 1,534 



Peanuts 4,343 

Apples 6,946 

Cherries 1 

Pears 13 

Plums and prunes ... 58 



Vinegar (barrels) .... 2 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 12,641 

Cherry 1,288 

Peach 9,524 

Top^s Pear 1,608 

Wild grasses 17 P^"™ ^.^^ P^"°^ • • • • ,1'??^ 

Millet 109 Gi-apevmes 13,11.> 

Clover 543 Value forest products . .$14,176 

Other cultivated grasses 17 Value of small fruits . . 54 

POITLTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 4,431 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 7,006 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 53,300 

Value of bees on hand 1,932 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 9,940 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 700 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOE 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 18,553 00 

Animals slaughtered 19,163 00 



Total $ 37,716 00 

LIVE STOCK ON H.\ND. 

Cattle 1,214 Horses 664 

Sheep 2,675 Mules 855 

Hogs 5,887 ; Asses and burros .... 25 



Handbook of Tennessee. 201 

Population in 1900, 26,304; population in 1890, 27,- 
382. This county has an area of 540 square miles. Its 
surface is diversified by numerous ridges and valleys. Elk 
Eiver divides the county. Its soil, with few exceptions, 
is fertile. The forest growth, which is abundant, consists 
of black walnut, cherry, oak, locust, poplar, and tulip 
trees. Tlie Kashville, Cliattanooga and St. Louis Rail- 
way traverses the county. Millet is grown veiy exten- 
sively in this county. It is one of the Middle Division 
cotton counties, growing tliis staple in abundance; but 
tlie leading crops are corn, wheat, and grass. It is also a 
fine stock county. 

Fayette\dlle, the county seat, is located on a branch of 
the jSTashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway. It 
has a good electric light plant, a first-class water^vorks sys- 
tem, and good schools and cliurches. Its population in 
1900 was 2,708. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $9.58 
per acre. 

ISTumber of manufacturing establislunents in the county, 
103; capital employed, $268,148; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $65,759 ; number of farms, 3,669 ; nmn- 
ber of acres, 337,277 ; number of acres improved, 181,- 
932 ; value of buildings, $1,117,880; value of farming 
implements and machinery, $284,140 ; value of live stock, 
$1,094,049 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $1,- 
486,453 ; amount paid for farm labor during the year, 
$62,700; total value of land and improvements, except 
buildings, $4,280,520. 



202 



Handbook of Tennessee, 



AGRICLFLTURAt, PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 1,459,840 

Wheat 356,050 

Oats 20,020 

Other cereals 11,430 

Potatoes 4,397 

Sweet potatoes 6,444 

Onions 1,361 

Beans 62 

Peas 9,576 

Value other vegetables . $37,967 

Clover seed #4 

Other grass seed .... 1,528 

Peanuts 130 

Apples 56,773 

Cherries 115 

Peaches 768 

Pears 340 

Plums and prunes . . . 618 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 19 

Millet 2,458 

Clover 324 



TONS. 

Other cultivated grasses 1,969 

Grains cut green for hay 594 

Other forage crops . . . 1,090 

Sorghum cane sold . . . 47'i 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 23,605 

Cotton (bales) 2,304 

Tobacco (pounds) . . . 4,240 

Broom corn (pounds) . 690 

Dried fruits (pounds) . 290 

Grapes (pounds) .... 27,721 

Wine (gallons) 12 

Cider (barrels) 52 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 36 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 126,035 

Cherry 1,569 

Peach 34,101 

Pear 3,775 

Plum and prune .... 4,108 

Grapevines 5,766 

Value forest products .$42,782 
Value of small fruits . . 541 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 47,521 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 95,060 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 574,480 

Value of bees on hand 4,539 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 23,230 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 1,570 

VALUE OF ANIAfAL PRODUCTS lOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $287,995 00 

Animals slaughtered .' 132.757 00 



Total $420,752 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND, 



Cattle K 15,696 

Sheep . . . t 10,152 

Hogs 40,713 



Horses 6,996 

Mules 5,971 

Asses and Burros . . . , 136 



Handbook of Tennessee. 203 

MACON COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 12,881; population in 1890, 10.- 
8?8. This county borders on Kontueky, and has an area 
of 450 square miles. It is drained by affluents to the 
Cumberland Eiver and the Big Barren River. Its sur- 
face is generally uneven and covered with forests. Its soil 
IS fertile, and it is a good fruit district. The staple prod- 
ucts are corn, cotton, .tobacco, wheat, and pork. Coal 
has been discovered within 2i miles of the county seat. 
Lead ore has also been found in the county. There 
are indications of the presence of an abundant supply 
of coal oil. The timber consists of oak, chestnut, and 
poplar. Most of the timber is located on the Highland 
Rim. There is a plentiful supply of limestone and free- 
stone water, with hundreds of Silurian springs. ' It is one 
of the best gardening and truck-farming counties in the 
State. The county has not suft'ered from a drought in twenty 
years. 

Lafayette, the county seat, is 30 miles northeast of (ial- 
latin. It has churches, schools, a weekly newspaper, several 
mercantile establishments, and a flour mill. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $4.83 |M?r 
acre. 

Number of manufacturing estahlishments in the county, 
39 ; capital employed, $68,102 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $22,857; number of farms, 2,132; num- 
ber of acres, 176,130; number of acres improved, 78,384: 
value of buildings, $368,670; value of farming imple- 
ments and machiner}', $97,930 ; value of live stock, $466,- 
946; value of products not fed to live stock, $590,000; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $18,920; to- 
tal value of land and improvements, except buildings, $967,- 
650. 



204 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOE 1899. 



BrSHEI.S. 

Corn 408,040 

Wheat 46.940 

Oats 29,630 

Other cereals 123 

rotatoes 9,047 

Sweet potatoes 19,205 

Onions 941 

Beans 1,031 

Peas 3,697 

Value other vegetables .$26,958 

Grass seed 459 

Apples 71,983 

Cherries 72 

Peaches 208 

Pears 402 

Plums and prunes . . . 2,660 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 58 

ivullet 1,858 

Clover 917 

Otner cultivated grasses 238 

Grains cut green for hay 1,064 



TONS. 

Other forage crops . . . 795 
Sorghum cane sold ... 14 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 36,039 

Cotton (bales) 2 

Tobacco (pounds) . . .6io,850 

Broom corn (pounds) . 470 

Dried fruits (pounds) . 32,620 

Grapes (pounds) .... 12.066 

Wine (gallons) .... 13 

Cider (barrels) .... 217 

Vinegar (barrels) ... 94 

NUMHER OF FRUIT TREE.S. 

Apple 126,564 

Cherry 2,520 

Peach 18,340 

Pear 2,637 

Plum and prune .... 16,144 
Grapevines 3,643 

Value forest products .$73,853 
Value of small fruits . 258 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 19,650 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 36,069 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 268,460 

Value of bees on hand 4,118 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 23,490 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 650 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOB 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 69.427 00 

Animals slaughtered 85,277 00 



Total -. $154,704 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 5,408 

Sheep 5,930 

Hogs 18.457 



Horses 2,867 

Mules 2,309 

Asses and burros .... 83 



Handbook of Tennessee. 205 

MAESHALL COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 18,763; population in 1890, 18,- 
90G. This county has an area of 377 square miles. Duck 
River flows west through the county. The northern part 
of the county is generally level. What was once a fine belt 
of cedar timbeir is now partially covered with oak. The 
southern portion of the county is hilly, Avith creeks and 
valleys. The staple products are coru, oats, wheat, cattle, 
hogs, sheep, and fruits. A hrancli of the Xashville, Chat^ 
tanooga and St. Louis Railway crosses tliis county. It ib 
a good county for raising fine saddle stock. There is a fine, 
belt of grindstone grit in tlie county about 9 miles long,, 
which was utilized for making grind stxjnes before the Civil 
War. Tliis stone is foimd in vast quantities, and is said 
to be the best on the market. Improved lands can be 
bought for about $16 per acre. 

Lewisburg, the county seat, is located on the railroad. 
It has good schools, churches, an electric light plant, a pen- 
cil factory, a planing mill, two newspapers, two good ho- 
tels, and a flour mill. Its pojuilation in 1900 was 1,421. 

The average assessed ^ alue of land in 1900 was $10.14 
per acre. 

ISTuniber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
60 : capital employed, $160,605 ; amount of wages paid dur- 
ing tlie year, 67.253 ; number of farms, 2,703 ; number of 
acres, 229,482 ; number of acres improved, 136,927 ; value 
of buildings, $1,031,030 ; value of farming implements and 
machinery, $238,230; value of live stock, $1,026,241; 
value of products not fed to live stock, $1,100,756 ; amount 
paid for farm labor during the year, $56,030 ; tetal value 
of land and imjirovements, except buildings, $3,290,210. 



206 



IIaxdbook of Texxessee. 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



Corn 894,130 

Wheat 258,120 

Oats 45,640 

Other cereals 1,400 

Potatoes 4,362 

Sweet potatoes 4,630 

Onions 729 

Beans 61 

Peas 4,528 

Value other vegetables .$41,895 

Grass seed 1,432 

Peanuts 121 

Apples 20,871 

Cherries 7 

Peaches 469 

Pears 43 

Plums and prunes .... 602 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 16 

Millet 3,367 

Clover 377 

Other cultivated grasses 2,465 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay 749 
Other forage crops . . . 1,559 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 465 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 8,837 

Cotton (bales) 85 

Tobacco (pounds) . . . 8,690 

Broom corn (pounds) . 1,150 

Dried fruits (pounds) . 10 

Grapes (pounds) .... 15,329 

Vvane (gallons) 13 

Cider (barrels) 41 

Vinegar (barrels) ... 22 

XrMBF;R OF FRITT TREES. 

Apple 70,838 

Cherrv 1,346 

Peach 29,369 

Pear 1,694 

Plum and prune .... 10,718 

Grapevines 2,472 

Value forest products .$58,136 
Value of small fruits . . 286 



POrLTKY AND BEEi*. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 39,945 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 81,025 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 627,400 

Value of bees on hand 3,567 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 : . 20,320 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 950 

VALi'E OF Axr.\rAi. PRomcTS roR 1899. 

Live animals sold $257,949 00 

Animals slaughtered 131,034 00 



Total $388,983 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 13,184 

Sheep 10,608 

Hogs 28,316 



Horses 7,364 

Mules 4,958 

Asses and burros .... 505 



Handbook of Tennessee. 207 

MAURY COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 42,703 ; population in 1890, 38,112. 
This county has an^ area of 596 sqiiare miles. Blue grass 
grows throughout the eountj, and Duck River almost 
equally divides it. It is traversed by the Louisville and 
iSTashville Railroad and the !Ni ashville, Chattanooga and St. 
Louis Railway. It is the fifth county in population in the 
State. The land is very fertile, and it is one of the richest 
agricultural counties in tlie State. Its dairy interests are 
first-class, and it is the central mule market of the South. 
It is also the center of the phosphate mining industry in 
the South. 

Columhia, the county seat, is located on Duck River. It 
has an electric light plant, good wat^erworks system, fine 
public and private schools, ample banking facilities, first- 
class mercantile establishments, and a splendid LTnited 
States Arsenal ; it also has live, enterprising, and up-to- 
date newspapers. The town is 644 feet above sea level, 
and had a population in 1900 of 6,052. 

Mount Pleasant, which is the center of the phosphate 
mining industry, has a population of 2,007 by the census 
of 1900. It has good schools, churches, fine mercantile es- 
tablishments, banks, and a weekly newspaper. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $17.79 
per acre. 

JSTumber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
244; capital employed, $776,844; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $233,087 ; number of farms, 3,945 ; num- 
ber of acres, 368,104 ; number of acres improved, 233,671 ; 
value of buildings, $1,879,660; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $425,830; value of live stock, 
$1,633,806; value of products not fed to live stock, $2,- 
092,705 ; amount paid for farm labor during the year, 
$152,890; total value of land and improvements, except 
buildings, $7,886,920. 



208 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGEICULTLTvAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS 

Corn 1,577.460 

Wheat 630,660 

Oats 124.020 

Other cereals 6,207 

Potatoes 56,479 

Sweet potatoes 9,936 

Onions 773 

Beans 122 

Peas 12,394 

Value other vegetables .$40,661 

Clover seed 2 

Other grass seed .... 6,287 

Peanuts 50 

Apples 27,650 

Cherries 213 

Peaches 1,767 

Pears 917 

Plums and prunes . . . 685 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 16 

Millet 1,757 

Clover 4,724 



TONS. 

Other cultivated grasses 1,829 

Grains cut green for hay 2,999 

Other forage crops . . . 2,112 

Sorghum cane sold . . . 743 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 39,760 

Cotton (bales) 174 

Tobacco (pounds) . . . 12,960 

Broom corn (pounds) . 5,090 

Dried fruits (pounds) . 3,530 

Grapes (pounds) .... 64,024 

Wine (gallons) 355 

Cider (barrels) 74 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 39 

NUJIBKK OF FRrrr TREES. 

Apple 101,156 

Cherry 4,890 

Peach 53,092 

Pear 11,075 

Plum and prune 9,944 

Grapevines 18,804 

Value forest products .$105,018 
Value of small fruits . . 2,323 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 50,439 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 97,561 00 

Dozers of eggs produced in 1899 720,470 

Value of bees on hand 4,843 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 33,550 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 1,340 



VALUE OF AXTMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $517,389 00 

Animals slaughtered 178,755 00 



Total 



,144 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 19,82(j 

Sheep 13,214 

Hogs 38,563 



Horses 10,226 

Mules 7,984 

Asses and burros .... 516 



Handbook of Texxesree. 209 

MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 3(3,017 ; population in 1890, 29,697. 
This county borders on Kentucky, and has an area of 54:0 
square miles. It is intersected by the Cumberland River 
and drained by Red River. Its surface is undulating and 
partly timbered with oak, chestnut, hickory, gum, pop- 
lai', and other varieties. It is one of the very best tobacco- 
groAving counties in the State. Its soil is fertile. There 
fire fine limestone and iron-ore deposits in tlie county. Its 
farais generally are in a fine state of cultivation. The sta- 
ple products are corn, wheat, tobacco, oats, cattle, and pork. 
The county is traversed by the Louisville and Naslndlle 
Railroad and the Tennessee Central Railroad. 

Clarks'\dlle, the county seat, is situated on the Cumber- 
land River at the mouth of Red River, about 50 miles from 
Nashville, on the Louisville and NashviUe Railroad and 
the Tennessee Central Railroad, the latter now under con- 
struction. It is an up-to-date, progTessive city of 9,431 
inhabitants, according to the census of 1900, and has one 
of the finest courthouses in the State. It has first-class ho- 
tels, good schools, beautiful churches, magnificent resi- 
dences, gas works, an electric light plant, daily newspa- 
pers, good street car lines (electric), and is one of the larg- 
est tobacco markets in America. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $8.79 
per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
159 ; capital employed, $1,543,014; amoimt of wages paid 
during the year, $269,793 ; nmnber of farms, 3,494 ; nmn- 
ber of acres, 321,368 ; number of acres improved, 204,103 ; 
value of buildings, $1,451,170; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery', $248,750 ; value of live stock, $982,- 
888; value of products not fed to live stock, $1,631,426; 
amoimt paid for fai-m labor during the year, $148,230 ; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$3,781,660. 



210 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AOEICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 915,240 

Wheat 154.530 

Oats 50,370 

Other cereals 20 

Potatoes 7,049 

Sweet potatoes .... 18,520 

Onions 1,828 

Beans 656 

Peas 5,851 

Value other vegetables .$58,638 

Peanuts 43 

Apples 23,858 

Cherries 333 

Peaches 9,492 

Pears 5,811 

Plums and prunes . . . 1,005 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 69 

Millet 446 

Clover 2,886 

Other cultivated grasses 3,401 

Grains cut green for hay 679 



Other forage crops 
Sorghum cane sold 



610 
309 



Sorghum sirup (gallons) 5,781 
Tobacco (pounds) . .12,360,480 

Broom corn (pounds) . 850 

Dried fruits (pounds) . 220 

Grapes (pounds) .... 99,187 

Wine (gallons) 84 

Cider (barrels) 93 

Vinegar (barrels) ... 24 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 80,728 

Cherry 2,932 

Peach 45,695 

Pear 651 

Plum and prune .... 5,660 

Grapevices 6,519 

Value forest products .$62,091 
Value of small fruits . . 1,808 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand .$ 33,841 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 60,744 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 454,550 

Value of bees on hand 4,106 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 21,860 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 1,120 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 77,338 00 

Animals slaughtered 144,558 00 



Total $221,896 00 



LIVE STOCK ON H.\ND. 



Cattle 11,110 

Sheep 2,872 

Hogs 32,250 



Horses 4,399 

Mules 5,835 

Asses and burros .... 87 



Hain^dbook of Tennessee. 211 

MOORE COUKTY. 

Population in 1900, 5,706; population in 1890, 5,975. 
Tliis county, called the '' corn, coimty of tlie State," is lo- 
cated in the Middle Division, and has an area of 170 
square miles. It is bounded on the soutli by Elk River, 
is drained by many constantly flowing" creeks, and has an 
abundance of good springs for domestic use. Its surface 
is hilly and partly covered with timber. Two of the larg- 
est sour-mash distilleries in the State are located in tliis 
county. Its soil is fertila The staple products of the 
county are com, oats, cattle, hogs, and slieep; it is also 
noted as a fine mule-producing county. 

Lyncliburg, the county seat, the second largest and best 
mule market in tlie State, is located about 64 miles from 
IN^ashville. It has good schools and churches and a weekly 
newspaper. 

The average price of improved land is about $10 per 
acre. There is a small amount of unimproved land in the 
eastern part of the county, near the I^ashville, Chattanooga 
and St. Touis Railway, at about $2 per acre. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $8.01 
per acre. 

Xuniber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
23; capital employed, $106,219; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $10,727 ; number of farms, 918 ; number 
of acres, 68,743 ; number of acres improved, 43,195 ; value 
of buildings, $235,450; value of farming implements and 
machinery, $69,460 ; value of live stock, $294,049 ; value 
of products not fed to live stock, $414,527; amount paid 
for farm labor during the year, $13,710 ; total value of land 
and improvements, except buildings, $897,300. 



212 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICULTIKAI. PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BrSHELS. 

Corn 422,020 

Wheat 67,520 

Oats 14,230 

Other cereals 8,020 

Potatoes 1,927 

Sweet potatoes 3,897 

Onions 462 

Beans 318 

Peas 7,759 

Value other vegetables .$11,289 

Grass seed 150 

Peanuts 33 

Apples 30,662 

Cherries 97 

Peaches 146 

Pears 116 

Plums and prunes . . . 13S 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 2 

Millet 461 

Clover 92 

Other cultivated grasses 916 





TONS. 


Grains cut green for haj' 577 


Other forage crops . . 


83 


Sorghum cane sold . . 


329 


Sorghum sirup (gallons 


8,250 


Tobacco (pounds) . . 


8,360 


Broom corn (pounds) 


320 


Dried fruits (pounds) 


5,990 


Grapes (pounds) . . . 


11,351 


Wine (gallons) .... 


133 


Cider (barrels) .... 


33 


Vinegar (barrels) . . 


28 



NfMBKR OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 24,724 

Cherry 1.103 

Peach 6,276 

Pear 726 

Plum and prune .... 722 

Grapevines 1,182 

Value forest products . $8,000 

Value of small fruits . . 173 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 13,631 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 27.334 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 182,580 

Value of bees on hand 1,327 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 5,750 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 360 

VALUE OF ANIMAX PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 86,485 00 

Animals slaughtered 37,641 00 



Total $124,126 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 3,498 

Sheep 1,787 

Hogs 9,236 



Horses 1,768 

Mules 1,372 

Asses and burros ... 53 



Handbook of Tennessee. 213 

OVEKTON COUNTY. 

Population in 11)00, 13,353; population in 1890, 12,- 
03!). This county is bounded on the north by the counties 
of Pickett and (^lay, which border on Kentucky. It has 
an area of 376 square miles, and is drained by the East 
Fork and West Fork of Obed River. Its surface is hilly, 
and a firvixt portion of its soil is fertile. There are fine 
oTazinc lands for cattle and sheep. The county is well 
^!U]>plied with fine forests of timber, oak, poplar, chestnut, 
and hickory, (^oal is found in paying quantities. 

Living'ston, the county seat, has a population of 450. 
and is located 95 miles east of Naslwille. It has four dr\- 
goods stores, two weekly newspapers, a drug store, a flour- 
ing mill, a sawmill, three churches, and good schools. 

The average price of improved land is about $8 per 
acre; unimproved land, from $1 to $5 ]>er acre. The tim- 
ber and coal lands furnish excellent opportunities for the 
investment of capital. Cheap lands, splendid water, aud 
hospitable neighbors are the inducements offered to those 
looking for homes. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $3.10 
per acre. 

Xumber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
55; capital employed, $82,310; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $16,477; number of farms, 2,214; num- 
ber of acres, 235,615; number of acres improved, 99,414; 
value of buildings, $318,960; value of fanning imple- 
ments and machinery, $82,640 ; value of live stock, $449,- 
112: value of products not fed to live stock, $574,420; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $22,500 ; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$958,040. 



214 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGKICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



nrsni-:!,s. 

Corn 469,740 

Wheat 29.410 

Oats 28,780 

Other cereals 491 

Potatoes 12,264 

Sweet potatoes 24,171 

Onions 1,076 

Beans 918 

Peas 4,161 

Value other vegetables .$25,118 

Peanuts 69 

Apples 203.556 

Cherries 44 

Peaches 66 

Pears 245 

Plums and prunes . . . 516 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 72 

Millet 1,320 

Clover 286 

Other cultivated grasses 354 

Grains cut green for hay 1,342 





TONS. 


Other forage crops . . 


1,455 


Sorghum cane sold . . 


14 


Sorghum sirup (gallons] 


25,643 


Cotton (bales) .... 


12 


Tobacco (pounds) . . 


46,780 


Broom corn (pounds) 


4,660 


Dried fruits (pounds) 


145,410 


Grapes (pounds) . . . 


9,885 


Wine (gallons) .... 


4 


Cider (barrels) .... 


183 


Vinegar (barrels) . . . 


86 



NI'MBER OF FRl^IT TREES. 

Apple 143,716 

Cherry 2,297 

Peach 19.942 

Pear 1,677 

Plum and prune .... 7,447 
Grapevines 3,117 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits . 



.$63,i83 
397 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 15,004 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 32,973 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 235,270 

Value of bees on hand 7,972 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 36,720 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 1.070 

A^ALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 69,454 00 

Animals slaughtered 82,077 00 



Total $151,531 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 7,452 

Sheep 8,912 

Hogs 18,950 



Horses 2,761 

Mules 2,167 

Asses and burros .... 43 



Handbook of Tennessee. 215 

PEERY COU^^TY. 

Population in 1900, 8,800 ; population in 1890, 7,785. 
This coaintv has an area of 420 square miles, is bounded 
on the west bj tlie Tennessee River, and is drained by Buf- 
falo River. Its surface is diversified by high ridges and 
rich valle_ys, and portions of it are well covered with for- 
ests of hickory, oak, walnut, ash, sycamore, and cypress. 
Its soil is very fertile. Peanuts grow to perfection in tliis 
locality. The staple products are com, wheat, peanuts, 
buckwheat, and pork. 

Linden, the county seat, is situated on Buffalo River, 
about 80 miles southwest of ISTashville and 13 miles east of 
the Tennessee River. It has general stores, a weekly 
newspaper, churches, and good schools. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $3.15 
per acre. 

ISTumber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
37 ; capital employed, $88,834 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $15,170; number of farms, 1,319; num- 
ber of acres, 194,481 ; number of acres improved, 45,055 ; 
value of buildings, $275,340; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $71,800 ; value of live stock, $376,- 
461; value of products not fed to live stock, $532,720; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $20,080; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$1,128,010. 



216 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICXJIiTURAL PRODUCTS POR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 556,950 

Wheat 9,780 

Oats 7,800 

Other cereals 180 

Potatoes 5,919 

Sweet potatoes 7,285 

Onions 481 

Beans 81 

Peas 2,189 

Value other vegetables .$17,610 

Clover seed 19 

Peanuts 232,137 

Apples 13,685 

Cherries 65 

Peaches 2 

Pears 76 

Plums and prunes . . . 1,143 



Wild grasses 

Millet 

Clover 

Other cultivated grasses 



TONS. 

5 
205 
336 

. 286 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay 1,149 
Other forage crops . . . 407 
Sorghum cane sold ... 41 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 15,139 



Cotton (bales) .... 


116 


Tobacco (pounds) . . . 


1,790 


Broom corn (pounds) 


1,940 


Dried fruits (pounds) 


610 


Grapes (pounds) . . . 


3,180 


Cider (barrels) .... 


22 


Vinegar (barrels) . . . 


5 



Nl'MBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 20,474 

Cherry 286 

Peach 22,781 

Pear 1,253 

Plum and prune .... 8,940 

Grapevines 345 



Value forest products 
\"alue of small fruits . 



.$45,055 

245 



POULTKY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 11,163 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 14,903 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 131,410 

Value of bees on hand ■ 4,602 00 

Pounds of honey produced m 1899 17,540 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 1,150 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS I'OR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 50,512 00 

Animals slaughtered 61,690 00 



Total $112,202 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 4,722 

Sheep 3,116 

Hogs 17,925 



Horses 1,147 

Mules 2,246 

Asses and burros .... 33 



Handbook of Tennessee. 217 

PICKETT COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 5,366; population in 1890, 4,736. 
This county has an area of 240 square miles. It is 
bounded as follows: On tlie north, by the State of Ken- 
tucky ; on the south, by Overton and Fentress Counties : 
on the east, by Scott County ; on the west, by Clay County. 
Its surface is hilly, and it is well watered by Obed and 
Wolf Rivers. In many localities the county is well cov- 
ered with a fine iiTowtli of timber. The staple products 
are corn, wheat, oats, grass, cattle, and hogs. 

Byrdstown, the county seat, has g'ood schools, churches, 
and general stores. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $3.51 
per acre. 

ISTuuiber of manufacturing estuldishments in the county, 
15; capital employed, $15,910; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $2,090; number of farms, 926; num- 
ber of acres, 88,025; number of acres improved, 37,680; 
value of buildings, $115,830; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $32,870; value of live stock, $179,- 
137 : value of products not fed to live stock, $246,547 ; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $9,540 ; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$322,390. 



218 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 205,270 

Wheat 10,800 

Oats 10,170 

Other cereals 20 

Potatoes 4,525 

Sweet Potatoes 9,802 

Onions 573 

Beans 261 

Peas 1,924 

Value other vegetables .$12,382 

Peanuts 25 

Apples 59.125 

Cherries 24 

Pears 72 

Plums and prunes . . . 343 



Wild grasses 7 

Millet 497 

Clover 303 

Other cultivated grasses 85 



Grains cut green for hay- 
Other forage crops . . . 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 



TONS. 

,612 

255 

1 



Sorghum sirup (gallons) 11,723 



10 
22,420 

50 

34,170 

2,775 

92 

67 



Cotton (bales) .... 
Tobacco (pounds) . . 
Broom corn (pounds) 
Dried fruits (pounds) 
Grapes (pounds) . . . 
Cider (barrels) .... 
Vinegar (barrels) . . 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 73,505 

Cherry 744 

Peach 7,390 

Pear 394 

Plum and prune .... 3,699 

Grapevines 162 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits . 



.?l>38.382 
93 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 5,686 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 13,169 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 93,580 

Value of bees on hand 3,156 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 16,220 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 470 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 28,481 00 

Animals slaughtered 32,088 00 



Total $ 60,569 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 3,107 

Sheep 2,950 

Hogs 7,321 



Horses 


958 


Mules 


817 


Asses and burros . . . 


13 



I 



Handbook of Tennessee. 219 

PITTXAM COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 16,890; population in 1890, 13,- 
(iS3. This county has an area of 430 square miles, 
with the Cumberland River touching its nortkwestern 
bordei". Its surface is undulating and partially cov- 
ered ^xdtli f(u-ests of cliestnut, hickory, oak, walnut, and 
poplar groAvtli. The soil is moderately fertile, and the 
county is well adapted to stock raising. Corn, grass, cat- 
tle, and hogs are the staple products. Fine coal deposits 
are found here. The Tennessee Central Railroad inter- 
sects the county, and there are flourishing lumber mills 
located along this road. 

Cookeville, the county seat, is sit\iated on the Tennessee 
Central Railroad. It has churches, schools, general stores, 
national banks, lumber mills, weekly new^spapers, and fair 
grounds. Its population in 1900 was 1,800. 

The average assessed value of land in 1000 Avas $4.75 
per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
66 ; capital employed, $284,489 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $66,405 ; number of farms, 2,616 ; num- 
ber of acres, 209,388; number of acres improved, 93,015; 
value of buildings, $414,950; value of fari^iing imple- 
ments and machinery, $122,280; value of live stock, 
$554,501 ; Vc%lue of products not fed to live stock, $749,- 
072 ; amount paid for farm labor during the year, $18,- 
950; total value of land and improvements, except build- 
ino-s, $1,064,030. 



220 



Handbook of Tennessee, 



AGRICVLTUKAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BI'SHELS. 

Corn 674,210 

Wheat 51,240 

Oats 39.490 

Other cereals 880 

Potatoes 22,030 

Sweet potatoes 24,406 

Onions 807 

Beans 242 

Peas 6,694 

Value other vegetables .$49,108 

Peanuts 21 

Apples 227,397 

Cherries 174 

Peaches 177 

Pears 33 

Plums and prunes . . . 807 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 21 

Millet 1,469 

Clover 268 

Other cultivated grasses 825 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay 1,567 
Other forage crops . . . 788 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 22,789 

Cotton (bales) 5 

Tobacco (pounds) .... 37,200 
Broom corn (pounds) . 160 
Dried fruits (pounds) .181,160 
Grapes (pounds) .... 16,806 

Wine (gallons) 45 

Cider (barrels) 75 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 45 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 151,298 

Cherry 1,507 

Peach 17,171 

Pear 795 

Plum and prune .... 5,598 
Grapevines 1,621 

Value forest products .$60,690 
Value of small fruits . . 161 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 22,488 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 53,820 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 348,540 

Value of bees on hand 6,809 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 31,900 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 1,430 

VALT E OF AXI^IAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $126,323 00 

Animals slaughtered 98,235 00 



Total $224,558 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 7,812 

Sheep 7.010 

Hogs 22,371 



Horses 3,474 

Mules 2,346 

Asses and burros .... 6T 



Handbook of Tennkssee. 221 

kobei:tso:n county. 

Population in 1900, 25,029; population in 1890, 20,- 
078. This county borders on Kentucky, and has an area 
of about 536 square miles. Its surface is hilly and well 
covered with forests. Its soil is partly fertile. Corn, 
wheat, tobacco, cattle, and hogs are tlie staple products. 
Fertilizers are very largely used in this county. It is 
one of the largest tobacco counties in the South, and none 
surpasses it in the cpiality of its tobaccO'. It is also a large 
producer of whisky. Tlie Louisville and jSTashville Rail- 
road traverses the county. 

Springfield, the county seat, is situated on the Louis\'ille 
and jSTashville Eailroad, about 30 miles north of jSTash- 
ville. It is well located ; has fine schools, churches, and 
general stores; and is one of the largest tobacco nuirkeis 
in the State. It also has two banks and three weekly news- 
papers. Its population in 1900 was 1,732. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was r$9.65 
per acre. 

Xiuuber of manufacturing establishments in the countv, 
67: capital employed, $392,057; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $58,662; number of fanns, 3,290; num- 
ber of acres, 278,608 ; nmnber of acres improved, 196,112 : 
value of buildings, $1,443,260; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $333,620; value of live stock, 
$847,754; value of products not fed to live stock, $1,- 
6^6.505; amount paid for farm labor during the year, 
$116,760; total value of land and improvements, except 
buildings, $3,877,860. 



'7'7'7 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGEICTJLTURAL PEODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 770,110 

Wheat 333,550 

Oats 34,500 

Other cereals 320 

Potatoes 5,646 

Sweet potatoes 8,375 

Onions 1,009 

Beans 77 

Peas " 810 

Value other vegetables .$54,470 

Clover seed 2 

Peanuts 1 

Apples 39,129 

Cherries 165 

Peaches 50 

Pears 391 

Plums and prunes . . . 411 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 1 

Millet 155 

Clover 3,071 

Other cultivated gi-asses 1,508 



Grains cut green for hay 2,583 
uther forage crops . . . 2,269 
Sorghum cane sold ... 91 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 2,639 
Tobacco (pounds) . .10.431,470 

Broom corn (pounds) . . 320 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 490 

Grapes (pounds) .... 66,300 

Wine (gallons) 282 

Cider (barrels) .... 287 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 67 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREKS. 

Apple 98,855 

Cherry 4,209 

Peach 32,651 

Pear 2,663 

Plum and prune .... 7,901 

Grapevines 11,926 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits . 



.$36,761 
608 



POrLTltY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 31.708 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 59,224 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 314,210 

Value of bees on hand 4,062 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 19,560 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 1,060 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 67.002 00 

Animals slaughtered 150,433 00 



Total $217,435 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 7,959 

Sheep 2,413 

Hogs 27,767 



Horses 4,761 

Mules 4,631 

Asses and burros .... 85 



i 



Handbook of Tennessee. 223 

RUTHERFOKD COU^ttY. 

Population, in 1900, 33,543 ; population in 1890, 35,- 
097. This county kas an area of 580 square miles. It 
is watered east and west by forks of Stone's River. There 
is considerable timber in the county, consisting of oak, 
poplar, hickory, sugar tree, linden, beech, buckeye,^ syca- 
more, l)lack and yellow locust, papaw, box elder, black 
gum and sweet gTim. The average price of improved land 
ranges from $20 to $30 per acre; unimproved land, from 
$10 to $20. There are fine opportunities in timber in 
the county, and the prospects for oil are flattering. The 
lands in the county are cheap. The soil is remarkably 
well adapted to diversification. The staple products are 
com, cotton,, wheat, sorghum, peas, clover, and grasses. 
The livc'-stock interests of the county are considerable. 
Fine h<3rsee, cattle, sheep, and hogs are abundant in tlie 
county. 

Murfreesboro, the county seat, is a flourishing city of 
alx>ut 4,000 popidation. It has splendid churches, good 
schools, prosperous business houses and banks, entei-pris- 
ing newspapers, and considerable manufacturing interests. 
The celebrated battle of Stone's River was fought near 
Murfreesboro. In a threchdays' engagement 25,000 sol- 
diers were killed, wounded, or missing. Efforts are being- 
made to have Congress establish a battlefield park at tliis 
point. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $4.41 
per acre. 

Nmnber of manufacturing establislmients in the county, 
94 ; capital employed, $395,257 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $64,577; number of farms, 4,335; num- 
ber of acres, 361,299 ; numl-)er of acres improved, 214,- 
949; value of buildings, $1,700,060; value of farming 
implements and machinery, $370,830; value of live stock, 
$1,458,283 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $1,- 



224 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



796,662 ; amount paid for farm labor durinig the year, 
$88,070; total value of land and improvements, except 
buildings, $5,360,270. 



AGRTCtTLTUKAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSH 

Corn 1,465 

Wheat 269 

Oats 59 

Other cereals 2 

Potatoes 9 

Sweet potatoes 16 

Onions 2 

Beans 

Peas 

Value other vegetables 

Clover seed 

Other grass seed . . . 

Peanuts 

Apples 

Cherries 

Peaches 

Pears 

Plums and prunes . . . 



16 



30 



ELS. 

,300 
,510 
,940 
,420 
,678 
435 
272 
423 
,109 
,618 
5 
,812 
59 
,623 
398 
301 
,173 
,429 



TONS. 

Wild grasses 13 

Millet 3,460 

Clover 2,092 



Other cultivated grasses 
Grains cut green for hay 
Other forage crops . . . 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 
Sorghum sirup (gallons) 

Cotton (bales) 

Tobacco (pounds) . . . 
Broom corn (pounds) . 
Dried fruits (pounds) . . 
Grapes (pounds) .... 

Wine (gallons) 

Cider (barrels) 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 95,572 

Cherry 5,840 

Peach . 69,813 

Pear 6,222 

Plum and prune .... 13,137 

Grapevines 12,418 

Value forest products .$126,450 

Value of small fruits . . l,b/9 



TONS. 

1,517 

4,603 

3,942 

997 

83,336 

4,102 

28,040 

11,540 

3,060 

89,155 

25 

83 

32 



POULTRY AND BEKS. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 50,078 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 84,098 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 804,630 

Value of bees on hand 4,687 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 24,330 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 740 

VALUE OF AXIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $328,208 00 

Animals slaughtered 177,349 00 



Total $505,557 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



■Cattle . .• 20,393 

Sheep 13,941 

Hogs . . . . ' 38,365 



Horses 10,749 

Mules 7,006 

Asses and burros .... 642 



Handbook of Tennessee, 225 

SMITH COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 19,026; population in 1890, 18,- 
404. Tliis county, the largest tobacco-growing county of 
Middle Tennessee, has an area of o68 square miles. It 
is intersected by the Cuniberhuid River and drained by tlie 
Caney Fork River. Its surface is hilly and well covered 
with forests of oak, ash, chestnut, hickory, walnuti, and 
poplar. The county is traversed by the Tennessee Cen- 
tral Railroad. It furnishes good grazing for cattle and 
sheep. The staple products are corn, wheat, oats, tobacco, 
cattle, sheep, and hogs. 

Carthage, the county seat, is situated on the right bank 
of the Cumberland River, at the mouth of the Caney Fork 
River, at the terminus of the Carthage branch of the Ten- 
nessee Central Railroad, and is 50 miles northeast of 
]^ashville. Large shipments of tobacco are made from 
this point by steamboat by way of the Cumberland River. 
The toAvn has churches, schools, general stores, a national 
bank, and a weekly newspaper. Its population is 940. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $12.91 
per acre. 

]Srimiber of manuf actui-ing establishments in the county, 
4{) ; capital employed, $102,558; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $34,565; number of farms, 2,665; num- 
ber of acres, 203,870 ; number of acres improved, 115,240 ; 
value of buildings, $859,750; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $167,190; value of live stock, 
$981,803 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $1,133,- 
523 ; amount paid for farm labor during the year, $46,- 
280; total value of land and improvements, except buikl- 
ings. $2,866,900. 



226 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICULTUKAL PRODCCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 1,166,370 

Wheat 164,830 

Oats 32,250 

Other cereals 1,700 

Potatoes 7,496 

Sweet potatoes 15,669 

Onions 1,054 

Beans 102 

Peas 6,419 

Value other vegetables .$37,180 

Clover seed 28 

Other grass seed .... 151 

Apples 69,734 

Cherries 61 

Peaches 196 

Pears 240 

Plums and prunes . . . 1,231 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 29 

Millet 2,682 

Clover 2,297 

Other cultivated grasses 2,148 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay 2,350 
Other forage crops . . . 1,724 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 630 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 41,367 
Tobacco (pounds) . . .1,187,070 

Broom corn (pounds) . 19,170 

Dried fruits (pounds) . 15,110 

Grapes (pounds) .... 12,586 

Wine (gallons) U 

Cider (barrels) 98 

Vinegar (barrels) ... 68 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 97,559 

Cherry 2,611 

Peach 14,487 

Pear 3,227 

Plum and prune .... 7,043 
Grapevines 1,409 

Value forest products .$60,894 
Value of small fruits . . 338 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 39,926 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 73,745 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 534.090 

Value of bees on hand 6,529 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 25,930 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 1,040 

VALUE OF AXIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $216,114 00 

Animals slaughtered 109,524 00 



Total $325,638 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 12,451 

Sheep 13,572 

Hogs 31,754 



Horses 5,996 

Mules 4.428 

Asses and burros .... 194 



Handbooic of Tennessee. 227 

STEWART (X)ITNTY. 

Population in 1900, 15,224; population in InDO, 1-\- 
VXo. This county borders on Kentucky, and has an area 
of 500 square miles. The r^miberland River intersects 
it, and the Tennessee River floAvs along its western, hovder. 
The surface is hilly and covered in many localities with 
forests of hickory, oak, ash, and other varieties of tind)e.r. 
The soil is comparatively fertile. The staple products ar(^ 
corn, tobacco, wheat, oats, and p'ork. Iron ore is found 
in paying- quantities here. It is a good section for th" 
production of export tobacco. There are several iron fur- 
naces located in the county, wliich is intersected l>y tlic 
LoTiisville and Xashville Railroad. 

l)(n'er, the county seat, is situated on the left bank of 
tlie Cuniberland Rivei-, (Vo miles northwest of JSTashville. 
The battlefield of Fort Donelsoai is located near the town. 
It has schools, churches, a weekly newspaper, and general 
stores. Its population in 1900 was 400. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $;>.9 1 
]>er acre. 

ISTumber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
t9 : capital employed, $202,030; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $31,349; number of farms, 1,900; nmn- 
ber of acres, 197,694; number of acres improved, 83,199 ; 
value of buildings, $453,310: value of fanning imple- 
ments and machinery, $125,480; value of live stx)ck, 
$574,465 ; value of products not fed to^ live stock, $757,- 
206: amount paid for fanii labor during the year, $36,- 
170; total value of land and im]>rovements, except buihl- 
ings, $1,046,500. 



228 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGBICULTUEAL PRODUCTS FOK 1899. 



UrSHHI.S. 

Corn 720,780 

Wheat 40,460 

Oats 6,030 

Potatoes 6,768 

Sweet potatoes 9,234 

Onions 444 

Beans 112 

Peas 830 

Value other vegetables .$22,026 

Peanuts 23 

Apples 17,305 

Cherries 80 

Peaches 514 

Pears . 313 

Plums and prunes . . . 1,656 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 44 

Millet 593 

Clover 1,037 

Other cultivated grasses 1,847 



Grains cut green for hay 
Other forage crops . . . 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 



TONS. 

915 

16? 

53 



Sorghum sirup (gallons) 8,118 
Tobacco (pounds) . . .2,738.060 
Dried fruits (pounds) . 1,770 
Grapes (pounds) .... 10,019 

Cider (barrels) 145 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 45 

NUMllRR OF KRUIT TREES. 

Apple 32,850 

Cherry 808 

Peach 20,674 

Pear 1,168 

Plum and prune 7,774 

Grapevines 894 

Value forest products .$70,286 
Value of small fruits . . 119 



POULTRY AXD BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 20,856 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 32,151 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 332,150 

Value of bees on hand 2,776 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 12,900 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 1,000 



VAl.l VE Oi" ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 84,078 00 

Animals slaughtered 102,891 00 



Total 



.$186,969 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 7,510 

Sheep 4,056 

Hogs 23,360 



Horses 2,263 

Mules 3,506 

Asses and burros .... 70 



Handbook of Tennessee. 229 

SUMXEK COFNTY. 

Population in 1900, 26,072 ; popailation in 1890, 23,- 
668. This county has an area of 536 square miles. It 
is one of the finest stock-raising- and agricultural counties 
in the State. The Louisville and Xashville Railroad and 
.the Chesapeake and Xashville Railroad traverse the 
conntv. The county borders on Kentucky, and is bounded 
on the south by the Cumberland River. It is a splendid 
county for fruit growing. Many portions of it are well 
timbered with oak, poplar, hickory, gum, sycamore, ash, 
chestnut, and elm. There are large deposits of b^o^vn 
phospljate rock and numerous sulphur wells throughout 
the county. The county is well supplied with first-class 
turnpikes. The average price of improved land ranges 
from $2 to $50 per acre. There are indications of the 
presence of coal oil in paying quantities. 

Gallatin, the county seat, is situated 26 miles north- 
east of Xashville. It has first-class schools, good churches, 
t\v() A\-eekly newspapers and one semiweekly, a number of 
manufacturing establishments, a fine Avaterworks system, 
an electric light plant, flonrishing banks, and mercantile 
establishments. There are macadamized turnpikes lead- 
ing to the town. It is a fine poultry market. The ])opu- 
lation of the town in 1900 was 2,409. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $8.80 
per acre. 

dumber of manufacturing establislnnents in the county, 
7,8; capital employed, $217,405; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $57,806 ; number of fiirms, 3,280 ; mun- 
ber of acres, 312,740; number of acres improved, 187,- 
509 : value of buildings, $1,529,930 ; value of farming 
implements and machinery, $290,570; value of live stock, 
$1,251,684; value of products not fed to live stock, $1,- 
316,486; amount paid for farm labor during the year, 
$90,200; total value of land and improvements, except 
buildings, $4,179,030. 



230 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



I 



AORXCULTUKAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BISHEI-S. 

Corn 1,036,810 

Wheat 251,590 

Oats 47,480 

Other cereals 1,380 

Potatoes 34,550 

Sweet potatoes 12,345 

Onions 3,079 

Beans 199 

Peas 11,006 

Value other vegetables .$42,929 

Grass seed 200 

Peanuts 38 

Apples 83,279 

Cherries 586 

Peaches 885 

Pears 1,105 

Plums and prunes . . . 1,145 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 41 

Millet 2,039 

Clover 1,495 

Other cultivated grasses 4,665 



Grains cut green for hay 3,584 
Other forage crops . . . 2,169 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 4,545 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 25,127 
Tobacco (pounds) . . .569,140 
Broom corn (pounds) . .158,160 
Dried fruits (pounds) . . 20,700 
Grapes (pounds) .... 89,874 

Wine (gallons) 1,009 

Cider (barrels) 417 

V'inegar (barrels) .... 124 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 179,637 

Cherry 3,654 

Peach 29,343 

Pear 4,750 

Plum and prune .... 6,165 
Grapevines 13,551 

Value forest products . .$62,882 
Value of small fruits . . 2,910 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 41,166 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 69,495 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 597,310 

Value of bees on hand 5,098 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 31,750 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 1,050 

VALUE OF AXIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $280,809 00 

Animals slaughtered : 141,912 00 



Total $422,721 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 15,429 

Sheep 12,581 

Hogs 29,849 



Horses 8.718 

Mules 4,454 

Asses and burros .... 259 



Handbook of Tennessee. 231 

TROUSDALE COUNTY. 

Population, in 1900, 6,004; population in 1890, 5,850. 
This county has an area of 166 square miles, and is 
bounded on the south by tlie Cumbeirland River. Its sur- 
face is hilly, with rich valleys. The price of improved 
land is about $30 per acre, and plenty of unimproved land 
can be bought at from $25 to $35 per acre. The farms are 
generally in good condition, and both farms and homes are 
kept in excellent order. It is a splendid stock-raising 
county. Wheat, com, oats, fruit, hay, tobacco, and pork 
are the staple products of the county. 

Plartsville, the county seat, is situated on the north bank 
of the Cumberland River and on the Chesapeake and ISTash- 
ville railroad. It has good churches, schools, and general 
stores. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $11.08 
per acre. 

l^umber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
17 ; capital employed, $59,600 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $10,645 ; number of farms, 810 ; number 
of acres, 71,457 ; number of acres improved, 42,431 ; value 
of buildings, $307,850 ; value of fanning implements and 
machinery, $54,990; value of live stock, $329,209; value 
of products not fed to live stock, $318,879; amount paid 
for farm labor during the year, $13,630 ; total value of 
land and improvements, except buildings, $830,670. 



232 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICTJXTITBAL, PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 330,550 

Wheat 53,390 

Oats 9,080 

Other cereals 110 

Potatoes 2,910 

Sweet potatoes 2,677 

Onions 128 

Beans 83 

Peas 8,506 

Value other vegetables .$14,467 

Grass seed 163 

Peanuts 83 

Apples 8,561 

Cherries 21 

Peaches 63 

Pears 273 

Plums and prunes . ' . . 238 

TONS. 

Millet 514 

Clover 292 

Other cultivated grasses 777 

Grains cut green for hay 1,221 





TONS. 


Other forage crops . . 


618 


Sorghum cane sold . . 


16& 


Sorghum sirup (gallons] 


4,339 


Tobacco (pounds) . . 


249,480 


Broom corn (pounds) 


30.810 


Dried fruits (pounds) . 


560 


Grapes (pounds) . . . 


300 


Wine (gallons) .... 


22 


Cider (barrels) .... 


46 


Vinegar (barrels) . . . 


20 



NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 18,816 

Cherry 484 

Peach 6,931 

Pear 676 

Plum and prune .... 1,695 

Grapevines 59 



Valvie forest products 
Value of small fruits . 



.$14,329 
58 



POtTLTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 8,228 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 1,509 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 140,440 

Value of bees on hand 1,167 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 7,990 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 19T) 

VALUE OF AXIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 84,645 00 

Animals slaughtered 34,938 00 



Total $119,583 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 4,667 

Sheep 2.826 

Hogs 9,420 



Horses 2,147 

Mules ^1.470 

Asses and burros . . . . ' 53 



Handbook of Tennessee. 233 

WAREEN COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 16,410; population in 1890, 14,- 
413. This county has an area of 440 square miles, and 
is intersected by the Canej Fork and Rock Rivers. Its 
surface is hillj, and the valleys are very fertile. It is a 
splendid fruit-growing' county, apples growing to perfec- 
tion here. The forests are of ash, oak, hickory, pophir, 
and maple^ Hogs, cattle, oats, wlieat, and corn are the sta- 
ple products. The Nashville, Chattanooga a^d St. Louis 
Railway runs through the county. 

^McMinnville, tlie county seat, is located on the rail- 
road. It lias churches, good schools, an electric light 
plant, a national bank, weekly newspapers, flour mills, a 
sa^^inill, and a number of prosperous mercantile estab- 
lishments. Its population in 1900 was 1,980. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $5.34 
per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
82 ; capital employed, $364,485 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $100,835 ; nmnber of farms, 2,301 ; num- 
ber of acres, 233,466; number of acres improved, 122,- 
426; value of buildings, $711,460; value of farming im- 
plements and machinery, $214,270; value of live stock, 
$578,929 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $967,- 
922 : amount paid for farm labor during the year, $39,- 
710 ; total value of land and improvements, except build- 
ings, $1,790,540. 



234 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICXILTURAT. PRODljCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 732.880 

Wheat 237,610 

Oats 44,950 

Other cereals 1,540 

Potatoes 11,472 

Sweet potatoes 14,842 

Onions 579 

Beans 425 

Peas 5,258 

Value other vegetables .$43,824 

Grass seed 847 

Peanuts 179 

Apples 180,486 

Cherries 60 

Peaches 197 

Pears 48 

Plums and prunes . . . 242 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 78 

Millet 2,165 

Clover 59 

Other cultivated grasses 731 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay 4,399 
Other forage crops . . . 1,977 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 162 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 30,408 

Cotton (bales) 41 

Tobacco (pounds) . . . 27,310 

Broom corn (pounds) . 320 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 75,800 

Grapes (pounds) .... 69,282 

Wine (gallons) 2,393 

Cider (barrels) 68 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 26 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 287,061 

Cherry 2,020 

Peach 38,943 

Pear .l,903 

Plum and prune .... 5,795- 
Grapevines 14,232 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits . 



.$55,329 
. 1,767 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 22,438 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 39,065 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 419,350 

Value of bees on hand 4,763 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 25,070 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 990 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $104,523 00 

Animals slaughtered 81,559 00 



Total $186,082 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 7,533 

Sheep 5,732 

Hogs 16,380 



Horses 4,199 

Mules 2,385 

Asses and burros .... Ill 



Handbook of Tennessee. 235 

WAYNE COUNTY. 

Population iu 11)00, 12,930; population in 1890, 11,- 
471. This county borders on Alabama, and has an area 
of about 720 square miles. It is drained by Buffalo, 
Beech, and Cypress Creeks. Its surface is generally hilly. 
It is a splendid fruit-growing county. The forest 
growth is of hickory, ash, oak, poplar, maple, pinei, and 
tulip. There is considerable timber in the county. 
Limestone and iron ore are found in, paying (luant.ities. 
Freestone springs are numerous. The staple products are 
cotton, corn, wheat, cattle, and pork. 

■ Waynesboro, the county seat, is about 90 miles south- 
west of Nashville. It has good schools, churches, a weekly 
newspaper, and a nmnber of mercantile establishments. 

The average assessed value of land in, 1900 was $2.25 
per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
56; capital employed, $1,747,681; amoim.t of wages paid 
during the year, $167,287 ; number of farms, 1,717 ; num- 
ber of acres, 2ol,70S ; number of acres improved, 62,488 ; 
value of buildings, $282,520; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $84,550 ; value of live stock, $445,- 
216; value of products not fed to, live stock, $495,152; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $23,260; 
total value of land and im]>rovements, except buildings, 
$984,250. 



236 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGBICUXTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHKI.S. 

Corn 543,080 

Wheat 28,230 

Oats 8,320 

Other cereals 1,025 

Potatoes 4,059 

S'-veet potatoes 6,789 

Onions 801 

Beans 320 

Peas 8,604 

Value other vegetables .$17,494 

Peanuts 9,788 

Apples 44,091 

Cherries 1 

Peaches 43 

Pears 230 

Plums and prunes . . . 886 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 10 

Millet 334 

Clover 619 

Other cultivated grasses 404 



TONS. 

Giains cut green for hay 514 

Other forage crops . . . 1,030 

Sorghum cane sold ... 10 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 19,797 

Cotton (bales) 201 

Tobacco (pounds) . . . 2,580 

Broom corn (pounds) . . 710 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 19,160 

Grapes (pounds) .... 11,733 

Cider (barrels) 18 

Vinegar (barrels) ... & 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TRKES. 

Apple 47,034 

Cherry 308 

Peach 33,335 

Pear 1,668 

Plum and prune .... 10,290 

Grapevines 898 

Value forest products . .$61,959 

Value of small fruits . . 90 



POULTRY AND BEE 5. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 11,866 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 24,785 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 150,640 

Value of bees on hand 6,337 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 24,390 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 2,000 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 77,409 00 

Animals slaughtered 61,081 00 



Total $138,490 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 7.320 

Sheep 4,680 

Hogs 18,283 



Horses 2,049 

Mules 2,687 

Asses and burros .... Ill 



Handiioox of Tennessee. 237 

WHITE COUNTY. 

Population in 1000, 14,157: population iu 1890, !:>,- 
384. This connty has an area of 300 square miles, and 
is drained by the Caney Fork River, Fallinu' Water Creek, 
and Calf Killer Creek. The snrfaee is uneven and is ex- 
tensively covered with forests of ash, hickory, maple, 
heech, cherry, oak, and walnnt. The soil is fertile. The 
sta]ile p'rodncts are corn, wheat, oats, cattle, and hoe's. 
The Bon Air (^oal Mines are located in this county, and 
are amoni!,- th.e best in the State. The Nashville, Cliatta- 
noo2:a and St. Lonis Railway traverses the connty. Tlie 
averag'e price of improved land is about $15 per acre: 
there is plenty of nniniproved land in the connty for sale 
from about $5 to $10 per acre. The supply of timber and. 
the excellent water power oifer inducements for the in- 
vestment of capital in sawmills, stave and handle factories, 
and other wood-workino- establishments. 

Sparta, the county seat, is located on a branch of the 
Nashville, Chattanooga and St-. Louis Railway, aljout .'> 
miles from the Cumberland Mountain. Fine coal mines 
are operated near the town. It hks churches, schools, two 
weekly newspapers, a national bank, and a number of flour- 
ishing mercantile establishments. Its population in 1900 
was 895. 

The average assessed A^alue of land iu 1000 was $4.3*^ 
per acre. 

Nuuiber of manufacturing establisluueuts iu the county, 
43; capital employed, $226,010; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $39,738 ; number of farms, 1,794; num- 
l)er of acres, 182,104; number of acres improved, 97,324; 
value of buildings, $410,000: value of farming- imple- 
ments and machinery, $110,310; value of live stock, 
$478,787; value of products not fed to live stock, $601,- 
80-1- : amount paid for farm labor during the year, $24,- 
730: total value of land and improvements, except build 
ings, $1,248,310. 



238 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 508,690 

Wheat 74.050 

Oats 22,840 

Other cereals 400 

Potatoes 8,107 

Sweet potatoes 12,435 

Onions 652 

Beans 605 

Peas 5,376 

Value other vegetables .$27,137 

Grass seed 387 

Peanuts 70 

Apples 139,042 

Cherries 54 

Peaches 378 

Pears 125 

Plums and prunes . . . 886 

T.i.NS. 

Wild grasses 88 

Millet 730 

Clover 2b8 



TONS. 

Other cultivated grasses 655 
Grains cut green for hay 2,356 
Other forage crops . . . 2,000 

Cotton (bales) 7 

Tobacco (pounds) . . . 33,820 
Broom corn (pounds) . . 2,480 
Dried fruits (pounds) . .137,660 
Grapes (pounds) .... 73,504 

Wine (gallons) 218 

Ciaer (barrels) 90 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 52 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 129,447 

Cherry 1,906 

Peach 25,211 

Pear 1,191 

Plum and prune 6,595 

Grapevines 7,312 

Value forest products . . $50,201 
Value of small fruits . . 892 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 15,262 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 33,113 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 235,150 

Value of bees on hand 7,646 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 46,250 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 790 

VAI.UE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $102,744 00 

Animals slaughtered #. . . 65,643 00 



Total $168,387 00 



LI'V'F STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 8,603 

Sheep 5,096 

Hogs 18.682 



Horses 3,443 

lyiules 1,806 

Asses and burros .... 70 



Handbook of Tennessee. 239 

WILLIAMSON COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 26,429; population in 1890, 26,- 
321. This conntj has an area of 550 square miles, and is 
drained by Harpeth River. Its surface is liilly, and the 
soil is very fertile. It has a fine growth of timber, com- 
prising ash, oak, hickory, maple, poplar, beech, and wal- 
nut. AVheat, corn, oats, cotton, cattle, sheep, and liogs 
are the staple products. 

Franklin, the county seat, is situated on the Louisville 
f.nd Nashville llailroad and Harpeth River. It is a pro- 
gressive city, and has fine churches, good schools (both 
public and private), two newspapers, two national banks, 
several manufacturing establishments, and nmnerous ware^ 
houses. The bloody battle of Franklin was fought near 
this place on November 30, 1864. The population of the 
town in 1900 was 2,180. 

The average assessed va]ue of land in 1900 was $11.94 
per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
83; capital employed, $269,494; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $41,272; number of farms, 3,152; num- 
ber of acres, 340,886 ; number of acres improved, 182,- 
179 ; value of buildings, $1,610,980 ; value of farming im- 
plements and machinery, $345,200 ; value of live stock, 
$1,234,082 ; value of products not fed tO' live stock, $1,- 
646,293; amount paid for farm labor dui*ing the year, 
$155,590; total value of land and improvements, except 
buildings, $6,046,420. 



240 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICULTURAL. PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 1,237,570 

Wheat 686,510 

Oats 49.030 

Other cereals 3,550 

Potatoes 29,337 

Sweet potatoes 8.448 

Onions 1,083 

Beans 373 

Peas 8,111 

Value other vegetables .$48,375 

Clover seed 23 

Other grass seed .... 44,229 

Peanuts 107 

Apples 44,940 

Cherries 448 

Peaches 1.364 

Pears 2.558 

Plums and prunes . . . 773 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 14 

Millet 2,479 

Clover 4,424 



TONS. 

Other cultivated grasses 1,660 
Grains cut green for hay 2,492 
Other forage crops . . . 1,908 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 248 
Sorghum sirup (gallons) 28,497 

Cotton (bales) 2S* 

Tobacco (pounds) . . .129,520 
Broom corn (pounds) .471,440 
Dried fruits (pounds) . . 7,750 
Grapes (pounds) .... 20,331 

Wine (gallons) 160 

Cider (barrels) 147 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 47 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TRKKS. 

Apple 114,500 

Cherrv 45,770 

Peach 22,004 

Pear 19,730 

Plum and prune .... 3,179 
Grapevines 3,483 

Value forest products . .$61,741 
Value of small fruits . . 1,741 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 38,112 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 65,980 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 536,380 

Value of bees on hand 4,251 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 25,050 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 810 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $207,372 00 

Animals slaughtered 157,932 00 



Total $365,304 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 15,451 

Sheep 11,222 

Hogs 30,390 



Horses 8,200 

Mules 6,153 

Asses and burros .... 299 



Handbook of Tennessee. 241 

WILSOX COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 27,078; population in 1890, 27,- 
148. This county has an area of 5-36 sqiuire miles, and is 
hounded on the north h\ tlie C^unherland River. It is one 
of the feAv counties that have cedar timber left in them. 
The soil is very fertile in many parts of the county, and 
blue grass grows spontaneously throughout the count3^ It 
is one of tlie best stock-producing counties in the State, and 
has a considerable supply of ash and cedar timber. The 
staple products are corn, wheat, oats, hay, tobacco, cattle, 
hogs, butter, and pork. The coiinjty is traversed by the 
N^ashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Kailway and the 
Tennessee Central Railroad. 

Lebanon, the coiinty seat, is situat.ed at the eastern ter- 
minus of the Lebanon branch of the Nashville, Chatta- 
nooga and St. Louis Railway and on the Tennessee 
Central Railroad. Cumberland TTniversity, one of the 
leading educational institutions of the South, is situated 
at tliis place. It also has a splendid seminary for the edu- 
cation of young ladies and one of the finest training schools 
for boys in the South. The schools (botli public and pri- 
vate) are first-class. It has two newspapers, numerous 
business houses, national banks, manufacturing establish- 
ments, and a first-class electric light plant. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $11. 4H 
per acre. 

ISTumlier of manufacturing establislmients in the county, 
93 ; capital employed, $135,611 ; amouiit of wages paid 
during the year, $31,997; number of farms, 3,880; num- 
ber of acres, 364,731 ; nnmbeir of acres improved, 202,990 ; 
value of buildings, $1,577,260; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $323,140; value of live stock, 
$1,598,047; value of products not fed to live stock, $1,- 
776.404; amount paid for fainn labor during the year, 
$83.090 ; total value of land and improvements, except 
buildings, $4,851,850. 



242 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGEICtlLTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 1,353,820 

Wheat 273,120 

Oats 61,940 

Other cereals 3,405 

Potatoes 15,284 

Sweet potatoes 25,783 

Onions 1,549 

Beans 126 

Peas 19,330 

Value other vegetables . $63,16? 

Clover seed 69 

Other grass seed .... 1,581 

Peanuts 18 

Apples 86,652 

Cherries 1,350 

Peaches 9,948 

Pears 6,323 

Plums and prunes . . . 4,806 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 189 

Millet 4,173 

Clover 3,205 



TONS. 

Other cultivated grasses 4,581 

Grains cut green for hay 4,003 

Other forage crops . . . 6,374 

Sorghum cane sold . . . 613 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 41,648 

Cotton (bales) 5 

Tobacco (pounds) . . . 13,380 

Broom corn (pounds) . 3,770 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 4,750 

Grapes (pounds) . . . 42,251 

Wine (gallons) 507 

Cider (barrels) 196 

Vinegar (barrels) . . . 120 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 195,085 

Cherry 4,712 

Peach 36,398 

Pear 10,482 

Plum and prune .... 11,886 

Grapevines 7,299 

Value forest products .$116,124 
Value of small fruits . . 2,692 



POITLTRT AND BKES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 55,568 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 101,355 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 1,115,530 

Value of bees on hand 7,389 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 32,640 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 850 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $463,547 00 

Animals slaughtered 183,962 00 



Total $647,509 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 21,365 

Sheep 23,159 

Hogs 47,398 



Horses 10,237 

Mules 7,239 

Asses and burros .... 1,048 



HaNDDOOK of 'rKX.XF.SSKlO. 243 



WEST TENNESSEE 



BEISTTO^T COimXY. 

Popnlaiion, in 1000, 11,888; population in 1890, i 1,- 
230. This county has an area of 412 square miles, and 
is hounded on the east by the Tennessee River ; on the 
north\\'est, by the Big Sand}'- Eiver. Considerahle forests 
of tinil)er are still to be found in tJie county, consisting 
lai-gel_y of oak, hickory, gaim, cypress, and ash. The sur- 
face is level and generally fertile. The average price of 
improved land is aliout $8 per acre; there is much ini- 
inijiro'^^ed land for sale in the coiuity at an average ]Di'ice 
of $3 per acre. There is an opportiUnity for the in\'est- 
ment of capital in the timber business. The county is in- 
tersected by the Xashville, C'hattamwga and St. Louis 
Railway. 

Canulen, the county seat, is located (Ui the Xashville, 
C'hattanooga and St. Louis Railway, 87 miles west of 
Xashville. It has good schools, churches, a weekly news- 
paper, a bank, and a nmnber of flourishing mercantile es- 
tablishments. Its population in 1900 was 399. 

Xumber of manufactui'ing establishments in the county, 
35 ; capital employed, $66,606 ; amomit of wages paid 
during the year, $10,420; number of farms, 1,916; num- 
ber of acres, 204,047 ; numl')er of acres improved, 70,420 ; 
value of buildings, $294,930 ; value of farming imple- 
ments and machineiy, $77,710; value of live stock, $444,- 
690 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $600,840 ; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $10,570 ; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
••$876,720. 



244 



Handbook of Tenxessei 



AGKICULXrRAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 625,450 

Wheat 16,860 

Oats 9,270 

Other cereals 10 

Potatoes 10,488 

Sweet potatoes 341 

Onions 1,031 

Beans 126 

Peas 3,507 

Value other vegetables .$26,420 

Peanuts 148,378 

Apples 13,684 

Cherries 92 

Peaches 220 

Pears 200 

Plums and prunes . . . 251 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 8 

Millet 1,001 

Clover . 87 

Other cultivated grasses 420 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay 3,690^ 
Other forage crops . . . 242 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 15,785 

Cotton (bales) 428 

Tobacco (pounds) . . .114,760 
Broom corn (pounds) . 50 

Dried fruits (pounds) . 6,050 
Grapes (pounds) .... 40,515 

Wine (gallons) 19 

Cider (barrels) 118 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 79 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TRKES. 

Apple 38,003 

Cherry 3,369 

Peach 32,720 

Pear ' . . . 1,435 

Plum and prune .... 4,138 

Grapevines 10,397 

Value forest products .$116,191 
Value of small fruits . . 861 



POULTBY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 17,393 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 28,559 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 329,390 

Value of bees on hand 4,254 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 18,180 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 1,260 

VALUE OF ANIAIAL PRODUCTS !• OR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 47,954 00 

Animals slaughtered 67,478 00 



Total $115,432 00 



T.IVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 6,554 

Sheep 3,330 

Hogs i.,117 



Horses 2,050 

Mules 2,360 

Asses and burros .... 38 



Handbook of Tennessee. 245 

CAKKOLL COimTY. 

Popiiltition in 1900, 24,250; population in 1890, 23,- 
630. This coimtj has an area of 600 square miles, and is 
intersected h\ the Big Sandy River and drained bv the 
South Fork of the Obion River. Its surface is generally 
le^'el, and there are considerable quantities of timber still 
left in tlie county, consisting of oak, hickory, poplar, and 
chestnut. The vestern half of the county has fine farm- 
ing lands, -while tlie eastern part is hillv, with good lands 
in the creek and river bottoms. The average price of im- 
])roved land is about $12 per acre; unimpiroved land, about 
$5 per acre. Corn, cotton, wheat, pork, oats, and fruits 
are the staple products. Fruit growing and poultry rais- 
ing are ]>rofitable industries in portions of the county, 
espeeially in the vicinity of the flourishing towns of Me- 
Kenzie and Trezevant. 

Huntingdon,, the county seat, is situated on the Xash- 
ville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway. The Sonth- 
ern ^"ormal Fniversity is situated at this place. The 
t' Avn has two newspapers, good schools, a bank, water- 
M'oi'ks, electric lights, telephones, various churches, and 
good hotel accommodations. It has a number of flourish- 
ing mercantile establishments. Its population in, 1900 
was 1,332. 

i\rcKenzie, located at the intersection of the Nashville, 
Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway and the Louisville 
aud [NTashville Railroad, is quite au educational center. 
Bethel College is located at tliis point. There are excel- 
lent public and private schools, with churches of various 
denominations, a bank, a newspaper, and numerous pros- 
perous mercantile establishments. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $6 
per acre. 

jSTumber of manufacturing establisliments in the countv, 
91; capital employed, $246,531; amoimt of wages paid 
■during the year, $47,301 ; number of farms, 3,785 ; num- 



246 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



ber of acres, 320,326; uimiber of acres improved, 173,- 
287; value of buildings, $738,340; value of farming im- 
plements and machinery, $227,620; value of live stock, 
$007,575) ; value of products not fed to live stock, $1,- 
278,611 ; amount paid for farm labor during the veav, 
$32,940 ; total value of land and impirovements, except 
buildings, $1,977,500. 



AGBICTJLTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHKI.S. 

Corn 1,161,130 

Wheat 105,880 

Oats 12,590 

Other cereals 470 

Potatoes 6,506 

Sweet potatoes 24,029 

Onions 553 

Beans 128 

Peas 31,861 

Value other vegetables .$41,764 

Peanuts 2,812 

Apples 28,740 

Cherries 232 

Peaches 91 

Pears 279 

Plums and prunes . . 1,99S 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 37 

Millet 99 

Clover 410 

Other cultivated grasses 1,005 

Grains cut green for hay 8,214 



Other forage crops . . . 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 
Cocton (bales) .... 
Tobacco (pounds) . . 
Broom corn (pounds) 
Dried fruits (pounds) 
Grapes (pounds) . . 
Wine (gallons) . . . 
Cider (barrels) . . . 
Vinegar (barrels) . . , 



TONS. 

1,746 
8 

42,902 

6,571 

85,020 

3,0zU 

2,240 

35,945 

177 

238 

126 



NUMBER OV FKUIT TREES. 

Apple 66,275 

Cherry 5,051 

Peach 57,450 

Pear 3,820 

Plum and prune .... 8,209 

Grapevines . 5,077 

Value forest products .$102,673 
Value of small fruits . . 9,389 



POt'LTRY ANT> BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 40,417 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 75,227 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 442,360 

Value of bees on hand 4,529 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 21,390 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 1.160 

VALUE OF ANTMAJL PRODUi'TS FOR 1899. 

l.ive animals sold $107,427 00 

Animals slaughtered 150,001 00 



Total $257,428 00 



LIVE. STOCK ON HAND, 



Cattle 12,849 

Sheep 4,625 

Hogs 33,668 



Horses o,»j-3 

Mules 4,110 

Asses and burros .... 88 



Handbook of Tennessee. 247 

CHESTER C0U:N'TY. 

Population in 1900, 9,896; population in 1890, 9,069. 
This county is situated on the Ingiilands of West Ten- 
nessee, in the southwestern part of the State. It has au 
area of 288 square miles. It is -watered by the Soutli 
Fork of Forked Deer River, which traverses the entire 
width of the county. It is intersected by the Mobile and 
Ohio Railroad, which gives it railroad facilities to all parts 
of the country. The soil is sandy and very fertile. All 
cro]is adapted to tliat section are gTowo^i, but cotton is 
tlie leading staple. Attention is being paid to fruit and 
vegetable culture. The eo'Unty is well timbered, and till- 
able land ranges from $6 to $10 per acre. Several vil- 
lages are situated in different parts of the county. 

Henderson, the county seat, is located on the ]\Iobile 
and Ohio Railroad, and is a flourishing town, noted for its 
educational facilities, hustling business men, and thrifty 
citizenship. It has tw^o weekly new^spapers, two banks, 
splendid schools and churches, several factories, and a 
number of mercantile establishments. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $4.0-2 
per acre. 

jSTumber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
48; capital employed, $78,911; amount of wages iiaid 
during the year, $21,217; number of farms, 1,603; num- 
ber of acres, 152,148; number of acres improved, 55,270; 
value of buildings, $251,-350; value of farming imple^ 
raents and machinery, $88,790 ; value of live stock, $371,- 
713; value of products not fed to live stock, $532,16^; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $11,650 ; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$676,500. 



248 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



AGRICUiTUKAL. PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 409,330 

Wheat i6,880 

Oats 14,8d0 

Other cereals 450 

Potatoes 4,165 

Sweet potatoes 7,909 

Onions 423 

Beans 110 

Peas 6,498 

Value other vegetables .$15,864 

Peanuts 203 

Apples 5,617 

Cherries 39 

Peaches 14 

Pears 118 

Plums and prunes . . . 386 



Wild grasses 

Millet 

Clover 

Other cultivated grasses 



TONS. 

75 

83 

163 

767 



Grains cut green for hay 
Other forage crops . . . 



TONS. 

1,666 
1,428 



Sorghum sirup (gallons) 22,026 



Cotton (bales) 
Tobacco (pounds) . . 
Broom corn (pounds) 
Dried fruits (pounds) 
Grapes (pounds) . . . 
Wine (gallons) . . . 
Cider (barrels) . . . . 
Vinegar (barrels) . . 



3,985 

4,210 

2,340 

760 

20,228 

7 

14 

5 



NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 18,314 

Cherry 606 

Peach 18,107 

Pear • • • ■ 633 

Plum and prune .... 924 

Grapevines 3,203 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits 



.$42,945 
. 2,323 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 13,954 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 22,501 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 225,180 

Value of bees on hand 2,327 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 12,620 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 230 

VAUUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 38,748 00 

Animals slaughtered 65,192 00 



Total $103,940 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



€attle 5,771 

Sheep 3,391 

Hogs 14,129 



Horses 2,177 

Mules 1,603 

Asses and burros .... 33 



Handbook of Tennessee. 249 

CROCKETT COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 15,867 ; population in 1890, 15,- 
146. This county, situated about the center of West Ten- 
nessee, has an area of 275 square miles, is oblong in form, 
and is drained bv the South Fork and the Middle Fork 
of Forked Deer River. Cypress Creek and Beech Creek 
run north across the east end of the county, and Big Black 
Creek runs northwesterly from Johnson's Grove to Chestr 
nut Blutf. Along these rivers and creeks fine forests of 
red oak, white oak, gum, cypress, hickory, and ash timber 
still grow. The soil in the eastern portions of the county 
is sandy loam and sandy clay, peculiarly adapted to the 
production of fruits and vegetables. The soil in the mid- 
dle and ^\'estern portions of the connty is very rich, and 
the land' lies level. It is well adapted to the growing of 
wlieat, oats, corn, potatoes, sorghum, and all grasses. The 
farms are small and usually o\A'neid by the occupants. The 
health of the people is good, and most of them are pros- 
perous and happy. 

Alamo, the county seat, is situated 6 miles from the 
Louisville and Nashville Railroad. It has a fine court- 
house and jail, several stores, a bank, a, newspaper, three 
churches, a good school, and several manufacturing estab- 
lishments. 

Bells is the largest town in the county, 70 miles from 
Memphis, on the lyouisville and JSTashville Railroad. It 
has a fine school, several churches, a bank, a newspaper, 
a good rolling mill, a sawmill, and several general stores 
and groceries. 

Gadsden, a station on the Louisville and Nashville 
Railroad, 77 miles from Memphis, was first to engage in 
the production of fruits and vegetables, and is noted as a 
shipping point for these commodities. It has three 
churches, good schools, and several stores. 

Crockett Mills has the largest rolling mill in the county. 

Maury City, 7 miles west of Alamo, has a fine schooL 



250 Handbook of Tei^nessee. 

several churches, a fine rolling mill, a sawmill, and sev- 
eral stores. 

Friendship, 13 miles northwest of Alamo, has three 
•churches, good schools, and a line mill. 

Chestnut Bluff is a small town, 13 miles west of Alamo, 
and has several business houses, two churches, a good 
scliool, and is surrounded by verv fertile soil and pro- 
gressive people. 

The average price of improved land is $12.50 per acre. 
There is but little unimproved land in the county; tliis 
is generally in the lowlands along the river. There are 
opportunities for profitable investmetnts in timber. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $7.16 
per acre. 

l^umber of manirfacturing establisliments in the county, 
54; capital employed, $112,945; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $17,081; number of farms, 2,567; num- 
ber of acres, 151,499; number of acres improved, 97,184; 
value of buildings, $648,600; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $202,070 ; value of live stock, 
$754,131 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $1,009,- 
796; amount paid for farm labor during the year, $35,- 
810; total value of land and improvements, except build- 
ings, $1,465,680. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



251 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHKLS. 

Corn 816,176 

.Wheat 80,790 

Oats 21,830 

Other cereals 70 

Potatoes 17,291 

Sweet potatoes 17,138 

Onions 1,448 

Beans 614 

Peas 13,897 

Value other vegetables .$47,257 

Clover seed 55 

Peanuts 236 

Apples 9,663 

Cherries 8 

Peaches 98 

Pears 63 

Plums and prunes .... 1,385 

T0N8. 

Wild grasses 13 

Millet 608 

Clover 523 

Other cultivated grasses 3,617 



TON*. 

Grains cut green for hay 2,337 
Other forage crops . . . 2,224 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 534 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 20,725 

Cotton (bales) 6,335 

Tobacco (pounds) . . . 11,180 

hircom corn (pounds) . . 5,510 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 530 

Grapes (pounds) .... 5,600 

Wine (gallons) 11 

Cider (barrels) 28 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 10 

NUMBER OF FKUIT TREES. 

Apple 41,884 

Cherry 1,555 

Peach 29,333 

Pear 1,158 

Plum and prune 11,729 

Grapevines 921 

Value forest products .$49,251 
Value of small fruits . . 35,174 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 30,019 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 53,208 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 379,190 

Value of bees on hand 2,386 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 14,580 -""' 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 840 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $103,464 00 

Animals slaughtered 107,169 00 



Total $210,633 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 11,637 

Sheep 2,426 

Hogs 26,196 



Horses . " 5,205 

Mules 2,359 

Asses and burros .... 91 



252 Handbook of Tennessee. 

DECATUE COimTY. 

Population in 1900, 10,439 ; population in 1890, 8,995. 
This county has an area of 310 square miles, and is' 
bounded on the east and south by the Tennessee River and 
intersected by Beech Creeik. The surface is compara- 
tively level, and is covered with a. fine gTowth of timber. 
Some of the finest iron ore in the State is found in this 
county. There is a large deposit of liigh-gTade phosphate 
rock in paying quantities in shipping distance of the rail- 
road ; also numerous deposits of coal, kaolin, etc. Phos- 
phate is being mined and shipped by rail. Marble 
and gTanite abound in several localities in paying quan- 
tities. There are also deposits of both red and yell; w 
pcher, and some indications of lead. Corn, cotton, and 
liogs are the staple products. There are some fine stock 
farms in the coim^ty, and a large part of the land is well 
adapted to the growth of timber. The average price of 
improved land is from $10 to $30 per acre; there is con- 
siderable unimproved land in the county at from $.5 to 
$10 per acre. 

Decatuiwille, the county seat, is located 5 miles west 
of the Tennessee Kiver and 5 miles sonth of the jSTash- 
ville, Ohaltanooga and St. Louis Railway. It has 
churches, schools, one bank, and a weekly newspaper. 

Parsons is the principal business point on the railroad. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $3.49 
per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
38 ; capital employed, $75,661 ; amount of wages paid dur- 
ing the year, $13,948 ; number of farms, 1,819 ; nmnber 
of acres, 180,457; number of acres improved, 57,091; 
value of buildings, $245,040 ; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $76,450; value of live stock, $376,- 
280; value of products not fed to live stock, $601,808; 
amount paid for fann labor during the year, $16,810; 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



253 



total A^alue of land and iniprovemeints, except build ini>s, 

$918,970. 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHhLS. 

Corn 634,920 

Wheat 13,040 

Oats 5,550 

Potatoes 7,009 

Sweet potatoes 7,280 

Onions 1,325 

Beans 126 

Peas 4,556 

Value other vegetables .$25,648 

Clover seed 3 

Peanuts 77,962 

Apples 15,811 

Cherries 26 

Peaches 2,915 

Pears 110 

Plums and prunes . . . 1,604 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 8 

Millet 201 

Clover 121 

Other cultivated gi'asses 579 

Grains cut green for hay 955 



Other forage crops 
Sorghum cane sold 



TONS. 

112 
6 



Sorghum sirup (gallons) 19,438 



Cotton (bales) 
Tobacco (pounds) . , 
Broom corn (pounds) 
Diied fruits (pounds) 
Grapes (pounds) . . 
Wine (gallons) . . . 
Cider (barrels) . . . 
Vinegar (barrels) . . 



1,688 

3,450 

2,140 

2,850 

22,030 

11 

33 

24 



NUMBEll OP FUUIT TKEES. 

Apple 25,995 

Cherry 963 

Peach 30,578 

Pear 1,083 

Plum and prune .... 21,726 
Giapevines 1,033 

Value forest products . .$67,132 
Value of small fruits . . 230 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 13,995 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 25,761 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 235,170 

Value of bees on hand 3,029 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 12,050 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 690 

VALUE OF AM5IAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 55,043 00 

Animals slaughtered 71,816 00 



Total $126,859 00 



LIVK STOCK ON H.VND. 



•Cattle 5,161 

Sheep 2,889 

Hogs 19,640 



Horses 1,736 

Mules 2,052 

Asses and burros .... 28 



254 Handbook of Tennessee. 

DYER COUXTY. 

Population in 1900, 23,776 ; population in 1890, 19,- 
878. This county has an area of 495 square miles, and 
is bounded on the west by the Mississippi River. It is 
watered by five rivers and numerous creeks. It is hilly, 
rollinii', and level, and is one of the most fertile coun- 
ties in the State. It is well adapted to the growth of ce- 
reals, cotton, tubers, and almost any other crop gTowinu' 
in the State. The climate is liealtliful, and it is a desir- 
able country in which to reside. There is considerable 
limber in the county. There are fine gTazing lands for cat- 
tle and stock. The Illinois Central Railroad runs through 
the county. It has numerous churches, good schools, 
and rich lands adapted to the raising of all kinds of crops. 
It has an abundant supply of w^ater, and is a splendid stock 
country. The staple products are com, cotton, tobacco, 
pork, wheat, potatoes, hay, and lumber. The o]>]>ortimi- 
ties for investment in manufacturing from hardwood are 
excellent. The price of improved land ranges from $10 
tx) $50 per acre; the average price of unimproved hnid 
varies from $6 to $25 per acre. 

Dyersbnrg, the county seat, is situated on the Forked 
Deer River at the intersection of the river and the railroad, 
76 miles north of Memnhis. It is a manufacturing town. 
Its po'])ulation in 1900 was 3,647 ; it is now estimated to be 
4,500. It has churches, good schools, banks, two weekl%- 
newspapers, and all the appurtenances of a prosperous, 
growing town. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $8.11 
per acre. 

jSTumber of maiiufactui-ing establishments in the county, 
70; capital employed, $746,213; amo'imt of Avages paid 
during the year, $154,183 ; number of farms, 2,861 ; num- 
ber of acres, 212,214; number of acres improved, 125,- 
576; value of buildings, $864,810; value of farming 
implements and machinery, $249,170; value of live stock, 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



255 



$1,063,128 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $1,- 
340,4-53 ; amount paid for farm la,bor during the year, 
$60,290 ; total value of land and improvements, except 
luiildings, $3,108,570. 



AGKICUI.XrRAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 1,449,000 

Wheat 337.290 

Oats 31.660 

Other cereals 390 

Potatoes 10,780 

Sweet potatoes 11,795 

Onions 413 

Beans 185 

Peas 2,059 

Value other vegetables .$33,628 

Clover seed 115 

Peanuts 616 

Apples 1.^29 

Cherries 10 

Peaches 23 

Pears 170 

Plums and prunes . . . 2V0 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 4 

Millet 69 

Clover 4,142 

Other cultivated grasses 2,220 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay 1,939 
Other forage crops . . . 893 
Sorghum cane sold ... 88 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 13,269 

Cotton (bales) 8,526 

Tobacco (pounds) . . .282,820 

Broom corn (pounds) . . 750 

Grapes (pounds) .... 14,685 

Wine (gallons) 14 

Cider (barrels) 2 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 2 

NUMBKK OF FRUIT TKEES. 

Apple 26,142 

Cherry 570 

Peach 22,217 

Pear 1,253 

Plum and prune 1,991 

Grapevines ....... 3,216 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits 



.$75,055 
. 1,371 



POULTEY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 41,253 GO 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 57,113 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 423,700 

Value of bees on hand 3,012 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 15,200 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 750 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $166,241 00 

Animals slaughtered 11,755 00 

Total $177,996 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HANI* 



Cattle 19,478 

Sheep 2,730 

Hogs 30,577 



Horses 5,92? 

Mules 4,155 

Asses and burros ... 89' 



25b Hai^dbook of Texxessee. 

FAYETTE COUXTY. 

Population in 1900. 29,701; population in 1890, 28.- 
878. This county borders on the State of Mississippi, 
and has an area of 630 square miles. It is drained by the 
Loosahatchie River and the WoK River. The surface is 
generally level and in many localities well timbered. Be- 
fore tlie (^i\dl War this was one of the leading cotton- 
growing counties in the South, and that is still the staple 
product of the county. It is well adapted to tlie growth 
of fruit, being one of the best strawberry counties in tlie 
South. The soil is very fertile. Cotton, com, fruit, an«i 
pork are tlie staple products. The average price of im- 
proved land ranges from $10 to $15 per acre. ]Much ol 
the land, which has been exhausted in the cultivation ol 
cotton, can be bought at a reasonable price and easily re- 
stored. Stock raising in this county can be made a proiit- 
able business in conjunction with the restoration of this 
land. The Xashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Rail- 
way ; tlie Southern Railway ; and the Louisville and Xasii- 
ville Railroad traverse the county. 

Somerville, the county seat, is located on the Lo<:)sa- 
hatchie River. It has fine schools, good churches, banks, 
two weekly newspapers, numerous mercantile establish- 
ments, and is surroimded by rich cotton plantations. Its 
population in 1900 was 777. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $5.89 
per acre. 

Xumber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
52 ; capital employed, $90,579 ; amount of wages paid dur- 
ing the year, $14,358 ; number of farms, 4,886 : nimiber 
of acres, 380,121; number of acres improved, 205,741; 
value of buildings, $821,110; value of farming imple- 
ments and machinery, $237,590 ; value of live stock, 
$1,035,548 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $1.- 
816,226; amount paid for farm labor during the year. 



Haistdbook of Tennessee. 



257 



$59,120 ; total value of land and improvements, except 
buildings, $2,4:75,680. 



AGBICULTTJBAL, PRODLTCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 846,030 

Wheat 2,320 

Oats 13,260 

Other cereals 52 

Potatoes 13,376 

Sweet potatoes 24,675 

Onions 1,169 

Beans , . 252 

Peas 20,772 

Value other vegetables .$52,586 

Peanuts 87 

Apples 7,192 

Cherries 249 

Peaches 9,062 

Pears 514 

Plums and prunes . . . 4,613 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 706 

Millet 97 

Clover 61 

Other cultivated grasses 2,544 

Grains cut green for hay 2,774 



Other forage crops . . . 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 
Cotton (bales) . . . 
Tobacco (pounds) . 
Broom corn (pounds) 
Dried fruits (pounds) 
Grapes (pounds) . . 
Wine (gallons) . . . 
Cider (barrels) . . . 
Vinegar (barrels) . . 



TONS. 

2,573 
210 

37,132 

25,881 

3,690 

15,900 

170 

22,929 

119 

22 

20 



NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 22,563 

Cherry 1,914 

Peach 49,351 

Pear 4,335 

Plum and prune .... 11,844 
Grapevines 2,343 

Value forest products . .$30,898 
Value of small fruits . . 1,341 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 37,218 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 58,477 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 493,360 

Value of bees on hand 1,833 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 10,560 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 530 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 64,512 00 

Animals slaughtered 129,881 00 

Total $194,393 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 17,908 

Sheep 2,048 

Hogs 30,753 



Horses 6,458 

Mules 5,134 

Asses and burros .... 35 



258 Ha^stdbook of Tennessee. 

GIBSOisT COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 39,408; population in 1890, 35,- 
859. This county has an area of 615 square miles. It 
is traversed by the Obion Hiver and the Forked Deer River. 
Its surface is generally level, and it has a plentiful supply 
of timber — cypress, gum, oak, hickory, and tulip. Its soil 
is very fei-tile. The shipping facilities of the county are 
excellent. Cotton, corn, wheat, grass, fiiiits, vegetables, 
and hogs are the staple products. 

Trejitou, the county seat, is situated on the Forked Deei- 
River and the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. It has on^ of 
the finest courtliouses in the State, a number of manufac- 
turing establishments, good schools, churches, banks, and 
flourishing mercantile establishments. The population of 
the town in 1900 was 2,238. 

Among the number of prosperous towns in this county 
is Humboldt, with a population of 3,800, which is liic 
center, of the fruit-gTowing and vegetable-growing section. 
There were shipped from this point 297 car loads of toma- 
toes during the year 1902. Strawberries, apples, peaches, 
and other fruits, as well as vegetables, are gro^vn; and 
shipped in large quantities in this section. Humboldt is 
a considerable manufacturing town, with excellent school 
facilities, good churches, a bank, a weekly newspaper, and 
other appurtenances of a prosperous town. It is located 
at the intersection of tlie Mobile and Ohio Railroad and 
the Louisville and I^ashville Railroad. 

Milan, which has a population of 1,682, has two weekly 
newspapers, a bank, good schools and churches, and numer- 
ous manufacturing establishments. It is located at the 
intersection of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad and 
the Illinois Central Railroad. 

Dyer, with a population of 1,204, is located on the 
Mobile and Ohio Railroad. It has a bank, a weeldy 
newspaper, good schools and churches, and is one of the 
most flourishing towns in the county. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



259 



Portland, Rutherford, Bradford, Medina, Gibson, Bra- 
zil, Eaton, JSTeboville, and Laneview are important towns 
in this connty. 

The average assessed value of land in liM)0 was $',).. >1 
per acre. 

T^umber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
153; capital employed, $773,381; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $282,872 ; number of farms, 5,486 ; nuui- 
ber of acres, 354,011 ; number of acres improved, 234,- 
310 ; value of buildings, $1,504,500 ; value of fanning 
implements and machinery, $439,810; value of live stock, 
$1,483,954; value of products not fed to live stock, $2.- 
319,961 ; amount paid for farm labor during the year, 
$86,760; total value of land and .improvements, except 
buildings, $4,233,760. 

AGRTCLXTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



Corn 1,988,480 

Wheat 366,660 

Oats 23,290 

Other cereals 60 

Potatoes 25,532 

Sweet potatoes 30,678 

Onions 1,542 

Beans 1,006 

Peas 47,016 

Value other vegetables. $124,876 

Clover seed 36 

Peanuts 1,602 

Apples 11,231 

Cherries 148 

Peaches 183 

Pears 294 

Plums and prunes . . . 2,567 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 54 

Millet 115 

Clover 2,233 

Other cultivated grasses 9,657 



Grains cut green for hay 7,580- 
Other forage crops . . . 1,165 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 676 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 39,328 

Cotton (bales) 8,864 

Tobacco (pounds) . . . 29,060 

Broom corn (pounds) . . 4,950 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 430 

Grapes (pounds) .... 37,839 

Wine (gallons) 482 

Cider (barrels) 42 

Vinegar (ban^els) ... 16 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 73,934 

Cherry 3,856 

Peach 51,054 

Pear 6,784 

Plum and prune .... 26,695 
Grapevines 10,455 

Value forest products .$ 92,039 
Value of small fruits . 127,696 



260 Handbook of Tennessee, 

POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 63,315 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899. 154,524 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 695,900 

Value of bees on hand 5,213 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 32,320 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899. 1,110 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODtXTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $226,672 00 

Animals slaughtered 215,152 00 



Total $441,824 00 

LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 

Cattle 21,152 I Horses 10,769 

Sheep 4,373 I Mules 5,469 

Hogs 46,657 Asses and burros . . . 124 



HARDEMAIvT COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 22,976; population in 1890, 21,- 
029. This county borders on Mississippi, and lias ani area 
of 640 square miles. It is drained by the Big; Hatchie 
River. Its surface is nearly level and in man.y localities, 
covered with fine timber. The soil is very fertile, and it 
is one of the best cotton-producing counties in the State. 
The staple products are cotton, com, hay, coal, and timber. 
The county is intersected by the Illinois Central Railroad ; 
the Southem Railway; and the Nashville, Chattanooga 
and St. Louis Railway. 

Bolivar, the county seat, is situated on the Big Hatchie 
River and the Illinois Central Railroad, 18 miles south 
of Jacksoui. The Hospital for the Insane of the western 
division is located near Bolivar. The toA\ai has churches, 
manufacturing establishments, two weekly newspapers, 
good schools, and banks. The population of the iovm. in 
1900 was 1,035. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $1.07 
per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in tlie county, 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



261 



(i9 : capital employed, $111,920; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $45,679: number of farms, 3,296; num- 
ber of acres, 348,521; number of acres improved, 130,- 
594; value of buildings, $641,410; value of farming im- 
plements and machinery, $176,390; value of live stock, 
$768,563; value of products not fed to live stock, $1,289,- 
555 ; amount paid for farm labor during the year, $40,440 ; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$1,565,240. 

AGRICULTUBAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 770,590 

Wheat 10,580 

Oats 9,930 

Other cereals 250 

Potatoes 9,867 

Sweet potatoes .... 15,934 

Onions 688 

Beans 166 

Peas 15,110 

Value other vegetables .$44,009 

Apples 10,345 

Cherries 116 

Peaches 1,164 

Pears 611 

Plums and prunes . . . 1,303 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 184 

Millet 122 

Clover 256 

Other cultivated grasses 2,413 

Grains cut green for hay 1,865 



Other forage crops 
Sorghum cane sold 



TON'S. 

1.437 
508 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 33,984 

Cotton (bales) 13,197 

Tobacco (pounds) . . . 2,620 
Broom corn (pounds) . 3,420 
Dried fruits (pounds) . 920 
urapes (pounds) . . . 25,367 
Wine (gallons) .... 107 

Cider (barrels) 27 

Vinegar (barrels) ... 18 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 29,906 

Cherry 269 

Peach 49,708 

Pear 4,062 

Plum and prune .... 17,034 
Grapevines 4,379 

Value forest products .$113,914 
Value of small fruits . . 5,592 



POULTRY ASD BEES. 

Value Of poultry on hand $ 27,659 00 

Value Of poultry raised in 1899 46,392 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 335,720 

Value of bees on hand 3,511 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 19,670 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 560 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 49,655 00 

Animals slaughtered 108,382 00 

Total $158,037 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 

Cattle 14,721 I Horses 4,793 

Sheep 6,095 

Hogs 29,098 



Mules 3,175 

Asses and burros .... 59 



262 Handbook of Tennessee. 

HARDIX COUNTY. 

Population iu 1900, 19,246; jwpiilation in 1890, 17,- 
098. Tliis county borders on Alabama and Mississippi, 
and is intersected by the Tennessee Eiver, which passes 
through the county from south to north and is navigable 
all the year around. The western portion of the county is 
generally level, while the eastern portion is hilly, with many 
fertile valleys. Forests abound in the eastern part, consist- 
ing of oak, hickory, poplar, yellow pine, ash, red gum, beech, 
elm, and cypress. The staple products are corn, cotton, hogs, 
and cattle. 

^Vt Savannah, the county seat, is located the Savannah 
Institute. The institute building is one of the finest 
school buildings in the State. Savannah is located on the 
eastern bank of the Tennessee Eiver. It has a weekly news- 
paper, a bank, good church and school buildings, good pul> 
lic and private schools, and numerous mercantile establish- 
ments. 

Shiloh, one of the most noted battlefields of the Civil War, 
is in tbis county, 8 miles south of Savannah, at Pittsburg 
Landing, on the Tennessee River. Congress has established 
a national park at this place, covering 2,000 acres, which is 
being improved. 

The average price of improved land is $15 per acre; 
there is considerable unimproved land at from $1 to $2.50 
])er acre. The timber lands offer opportunities for profit- 
able investment ; the low price of land, educational ad- 
vantages, healthfulness of the climate, and the abundant 
supply of j)ure water offer special inducements to home 
seekers. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $4.20 per 
acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
()4 ; capital employed, $122,549; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $27,983; number of farms, 3,024; num- 



Handbook of Tennessee. 263 

ber of acres, 258,720 ; number of acres improved, 102,- 
635; value of buildings, $1:55,890; value of fanning 
implements and machinery, $142,880; value of live stock, 
$714,641:; value of products not fed to live stock, $950,- 
366; amount paid for farm labor during the year, $17,- 
030 ; total value of land and improvements, except build- 
ings, $1,601,180. 

AGRICUXTUEAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Bl!SHELS. 1 TONS 

Corn 1,058,950 Grains cut green for hay 1,599 

Wheat 22,700 Other forage crops ... 506 

Oats 4,870 Sorghum cane sold ... 70 

Other cereals 50 ^ , . ^ ,, .„„„„. 

Potatoes 3 457 Sorghum sirup (gallons) 20,994 

Sweet potatoes ". ". *. '. '. 6J10 Cotton (bales) ..... 4,623 

Onions 605 ! Tobacco (pounds) . . . 3,340 

Beans .' .' . .' .' .' .' '. '. 96 Broom corn (pounds) . . 2,980 

Pg^g ' ' g 021 I Dried fruits (pounds) . . 1,430 

Value "other Vegetables !$23!213 , Gi'apes (pounds) .... 10,683 



Wine (gallons) 3 

Cider (barrels) 4 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 1 

NUMBER OF FKUIT TREES. 



Grass seed 75 

Peanuts 2,294 

Apples 11,743 

Cherries 7 

Peaches 368 Apple 34,646 

Pears 106 Cherry 934 

Plums and prunes . . . 700 Peach 48,162 

TONS i P®^^ ^'^'^'^ 

„,., , „V Plum and prune .... 22,776 

Wild grasses ...... 61 Qivaoevines 1 734 

Millet 480 '^lape^mefe ±,io^ 

Clover 310 Value forest products .$108,850 

Other cultivated grasses 412 Value of smaU fruits . . 56 

POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 22,872 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 39,361 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 309,470 

Value of bees on hand 5,694 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 21,340 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 1,070 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 95,646 00 

Animals slaughtered 107,178 00 



Total $202,824 00 

LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 

Cattle 11,978 j Horses 3,611 

Sheep 6,509 I Mules 4.108 

Hogs 34,296 Asses and burros .... 91 



264 Handbook of Tennessee. 

HAYWOOD COUI^TY. 

Population in 1900, 25,189; population in 1890, 23,- 
558. This country has an area of 570 square miles, and 
is intersected by the Hatchie River and the Forked Deer 
River. Its surface is nearly level, and there is an abun- 
dant supply of timber. It is a fine cotton-growing county. 
The soil is fertile and capable of great diversification of 
crops. Fruit growing is a profitable business in the 
county. The staple products are fruit, corn, cotton, grass, 
and hogs. The Louisville and Nashville Railroad trav- 
erses the county. 

Brownsville, the county seat, is situated about 56 miles 
northeast of Memphis, on the Louisville and ]^ashville 
Railroad. It is a wide-awahe and progressive town, with 
splendid schools, numerous churches, and considerable 
manufacturing establislunents. It has two weekly new^s- 
papers, excellent banking facilities, and over 25,000 bales 
of cotton are shipped annually from this point. Its popu- 
lation in 1900 was 2,645. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $6.12 
per acre. 

ISTumber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
85 ; capital employed, $294,547 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $62,030; number of farms, 3,653; num- 
ber of acres, 259,160; number of acres improved, 155,- 
549; value of buildings, $791,470; value of fanning 
implements and machinery, $222,430 ; value of live stock, 
$941,602 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $1,412,- 
473 ; amount paid for farm labor during' the year, $42,- 
640 ; total value of land and improvements, except build- 
ings, $2,157,470. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



265 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 802,040 

Wheat 32,630 

Oats 22,550 

Other cereals 100 

Potatoes 16,815 

Sweet potatoes .... 13,897 

Onions 102 

Beans 270 

Peas 14,153 

Value other vegetables .$47,783 

Clover seed 5 

Peanuts 108 

Apples 2,673 

Chei-ries 22 

Peaches 277 

Pears 107 

Plums and prunes . . . 206 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 58 

Millet 103 

Clover . 380 

Other cultivated grasses 2,863 



Grains cut green for hay- 
Other forage crops . . . 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 



TONS. 

4,192 

534 

5 



Sorghum sirup (gallons) 32,922 



Cotton (bales) . . . . ; 15,914 

Tobacco (pounds) . . . 2,990 

Broom corn (pounds) . . 380 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 20 

Grapes (pounds) .... 20,815 

Wine (gallons) .... 22 

Cider (barrels) 10 

Vinegar (barrels) ... 6 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 27,517 

Cherry 1,200 

Peach 30,880 

Pear 2,238 

Plum aarl prune .... 6,113 

Grapevines 1,154 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits . 



.$84,610 
832 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 28,880 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 46,293 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 392,580 

Value of bees on hand 1,741 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 14,020 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 240 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 76,002 00 

Animals slaughtered 110,459 00 



Total $186,461 00 



LIVE sroCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 15,550 

Sheep 2,086 

Hogs 23,953 



Horses 5,929 

Mules 3,450 

Asses and burros .... 82 



266 Handbook of Tennessee, 

HElsTDERSON COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 18,117; pop^ulation in 1890, 16,- 
336. This county lias an area of 530 square miles. It 
is drained by Beech Creek and Big Sandy River, both of 
which empty into the Tennessee Kiver. The surface is 
generally level, and there are considerable forests of oak, 
beech, and gum in the county. The soil is verj^ fertile, 
especially in the valleys and along the river bottoms. It 
is a fine county for cotton cultiu-e. The staple prodncts 
are cotton, com, grass, hogs, and mules. The average 
price of improved land is $15 per acre; unimproved land, 
about $5 per acre. 

Lexington, the county seat, is situated near Beech River 
and on the ISTashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Rail- 
way, which traverses the county. It has churches, good 
schools, a fine electric light plant, a large stave factoi^, 
two newspapers, and a number of general stores. Tlie 
population in 1900 was 1,332. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $3.75 
per acre. 

I^umber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
72; capital employed, $123,541; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $28,814; number of farms, 3,008 ; num- 
ber of acres, 298,990; number of acres improved, 109,- 
876; value of buildings, $362,370; value of farming im- 
plements and machinery, $137,200 ; value of live stock, 
$629,923 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $986,- 
203 ; amount paid for farai labor during the year, 
$20,410 ; total value of land and improvements, except 
building-s, $1,138,900. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



267 



AGRICULTt'BAL PRODTTCTS !• OR 1899. 



BUSHRLS. 

Corn 877,250 

Wheat 26,910 

Oats 10,690 

Other cereals 60 

Potatoes 7,465 

Sweet potatoes 18,512 

Onions 1,406 

Beans 302 

Peas 15,128 

Value other vegetables .$33,724 

Peanuts 4,834 

Apples 20,211 

Cherries 146 

Peaches 120 

Pears 216 

Plums and prunes . . . 3,001 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 9 

Millet 47» 

Clover •. . . . 535 

Other cultivated grasses 1,428 

Grains cut green for hay 3,399 



Other forage crops . . . 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 
Cotton (bales) . . . 
Tobacco (pounds) . 
Broom corn (pounds) 
Dried fruits (pounds) 
Grapes (pounds) . . 
Wine (gallons) . . . 
Cider (barrels) . . . 
Vinegar (barrels) . 



TONS. 

1,027 
39 

32,304 

5,749 

13,500 

6,360 

4,890 

45,615 

747 

58 

24 



NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 58,226 

Cherry 2,534 

Peach 54,540 

Pear 2,056 

Plum and prune .... 36,538 

Grapevines 6,372 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits . 



.$93,731 
489 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 29,587 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 48,293 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 398,900 

Value of bees on hand 3,982 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 19,060 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 960 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 70,927 00 

Animals slaughtered 121,236 00 



Total $192,163 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 9,267 

Sheep 4,836 

Hogs 28.448 



Horses 3,172 

Mules 3,518 

Asses and burros ... 56 



268 Handbook of Tennessee. 

HEXRY COUA^TY. 

Population in 1900, 24,208 ; population in 1890, 21,- 
070. This county has an area of 580 square miles, and 
is bounded on the east by the Tennessee River, Big Sandy 
River, and Obion River; on the north, by the State of 
Kentucky. The surface is g-onerally level, and has tine 
timber in niany localities throughout the county. It has 
a rich, loamy soil, and is well adapted to diversified farm- 
ing. The crops that grow well are cotton, corn, wheat, 
oats, fruit, sweet potatoes, Irish potatoes, clover, tomatoes, 
stock peas, sorghum, peanuts, broom corni, and all kinds 
of garden vegetables ; also all the liardy large and snuill 
fruits. JMarket gardening and fruit culture are very prof- 
itable. Tlie county is speciality adapted to, the raising and 
shipping (if live stock, and large shipments are made 
throughout the year. The poultry business is also profita- 
ble. (Considerable land is being exhausted by the culti- 
vation of corn, cotton, and tobacco. These lands can bo 
bought at a very low price, and can be easily restored by 
crops of peas and clover. The Louisville and J^ashville 
Railroad and the jSTashville, (^hattanooga and St. Louis 
Raih\'ay intersect the county. 

Paris, the county seat, is situated at the intersection of 
these railroads, and is one of the most progressive towns 
in West Tennessee. It had a population of 2,018 under 
the census of 1900, and it is estimated that there are over 
2,000 people living in the suburl)s outside the corporate 
limits. The Louisville and Xashville Railroad construc- 
tion and repair shops have been located at this ]>oint, em- 
ploying a large force, -with a monthly pay roll auiount- 
ing to $30,000. Paris has churches of various denomina- 
tions, first-class public and private schools, two weekly 
newspapers, two banks, fine hotels, and numerous mer- 
cantile establishments. It has an electric light plant, 
waterworks, and telephone connections with all points. 

Improved land can be bought at $10 per acre; un- 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



269 



improved land, with alioiit oiie-tliird in tiniher, averages 
al:>out $10 per acre. There are excellent opportunities tor 
investment in the county in potteries to work tlie Une 
clavs (which abound in the county) into the various wares 
which can be manufactured from these clays. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $().05 
per acre. 

j^uiiiber of manufacturing establishments in the connty,. 
98; capital employed, $:^23,987; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $84,604 ; number of fanns, 3,540 ; num- 
ber of acres, 320,948 ; number of acres improved, 172,809 ; 
value of buildings, $892,540 ; value of fanning imple- 
ments and machinery, $252,220; value of live stock, 
$933,018 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $1,328,- 
399 ; amount paid for farm labor during the year, $42,- 
920 ; total value of land and improvements, except build- 
ings, $2,593,340. 



AGEICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 1,081.400 

Wheat 218,180 

Oats 18,220 

Other cereals 2,420 

Potatoes 8,505 

Sweet potatoes 17,415 

Onions 759 

Beans 414 

Peas 20,46S 

Value other vegetables .$49,870 

Clover seed 29 

Peanuts 157 

Apples 12,232 

Cherries 158 

Peaches 185 

Pears 295 

Plums and prunes . . . 183 



Wild grasses 

Millet 

Clover 

Other cultivated grasses 



TONS. 

243 

363 

2,969 

1,942 



Grains cut green for hay 
Other forage crops . . . 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 



TONS. 

6,162 

417 

27 



Sorghum sirup (gallons) 43,792 

Cotton (bales) 1,342 

Tobacco (pounds) . . .3,508,220 

Broom corn (pounds) . . 1,100 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 250 

Grapes (pounds) .... 40,122 

Wine (gallons) 412 

Cider (barrels) 43 

"Vinegar (barrels) ... 8 

NUMBEK OP FRUIT TRRES. 

Apple 57,027 

Cherry 4,753 

Peach 47,689 

Pear 3,856 

Plum and prune .... 5,001 
Grapevines 8,21'! 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits . 



.$70,985 
. 2,597 



270 Handbook: of Tennessee. 

POLI.TRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 33,890 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 58,085 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 447,020 

Value of bees on hand 4,643 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 22,200 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 840 

YALVE OF ANIMAL PKODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold .' $167,187 00 

Animals slaughtered 130,182 00 



Total $297,369 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 12,75& I Horses 5,712 

Sheep 5,957 Mules 4,469 

Hogs 35,270 Asses and burros ... 127 



LAKE COUA^TY. 

Population in 1900, 7,368 ; population in 1800, 5,301. 
This county, tlio most northwestern county in the State, 
has an area of 210 square miles. It is bounded on the 
west Ijy the Mississippi Eiver ; on the east, by Reelfoot 
Lake, one of the most remarkable fresh-water bodies in 
x\.merica. The lake is 18 miles long and 7 miles in width. 
It is really a submerged forest formed during an earth- 
quake in the year 1811. It is fed by the following creeks : 
Indian, Keelfoot, Pawpaw, an.d Brown's. The outlet is 
the Reelfoot River, whicii empties into the Obion River. 
The county is divided into two sections, the western half 
being level and high, above the overflow froui the Missis- 
sippi River, and in an advanced state of cultivation; the 
southern half is more or less subject tO' overflow, trnd, 
therefore, not so well improved. A fine growth of gmii, 
Cottonwood, cypress, and oak is found in this section. The 
levee, already haK completed, wliich will cost $300,000. 
will redeem thousands of acres of land. The soil in the 
county is the richest in the' State. Corn, cotton, and ]>ork 
are the products. The hunting and fishing on the lake 



Handbook of Tennessee. 271 

are unsurpassed in America, Tlie average price of im- 
proved land is from $35 to $40 per acre; unimproved land, 
$12 per acre. 

Tiptonville, the county seat, situated on' the Mississippi 
River, has churches, schools, a weekly newspaper, and gen- 
eral stores. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $9.04 
per acre. 

ISTumher of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
30; capital employed, $263,083; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $56,031 ; number of farms, 696 ; nmuber 
of acres, 54,285 ; number of acres improved, 42,372 ; 
value of buildings, $173,170 ; value of fanning imple- 
ments and machinery, $44,350; value of live stock, $290,- 
525; value of products not fed to live stock, $586,828; 
amount paid for farm labor during the year, $98,640 ; 
total value of land and improvements, except buildings, 
$1,301,080. 

AGRICULTUEAL PRODUCTS FOB 1899. 

BUSHELS. TONS. 

Corn 368,940 Clover 507 

Wheat 4,360 Other cultivated grasses 361 

Oats 1,600 

Potatoes 2,219 Grains cut green for hay 171 

Sweet potatoes .... 1,500 other forage crops ... 13 

Onions 2 Cotton (bales) 12,967 

Peas 41 Tobacco (pounds) . . . 3,000 

Value other vegetables . $2,644 
Peanuts 85 



NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 



^PP^f ^'^11 Apple 1,497 

Pe^^^ 200 p^^^j^^ 492 

Pear 66 

Plum and prune .... 184 



Plums and prunes ... 5 



TONS. 

Wild grasses 1 

Millet 38 Value forest products . . $65 



272 Handbook of Tennessee, 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 10,614 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 11,305 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 87,120 

Value of bees on hand 416 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 3,330 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 90 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 18,133 GO 

Animals slaughtered 16,101 00 



Total $ 34,234 00 

LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 

Cattle 4,628 | Horses ........ 872 

Sheep 7 , Mules . . .' 1,817 

Hogs 10,056 Asses and burros .... 6 



LATTDERDALE COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 21,971 ; population in 1800, 18,- 
756. This co'imtj lias an area of 450 square miles. It 
is bounded on the south by the Hatohie River; on the 
west, by the Mississippi River ; and is drained by the 
Eorked Deer River. The soil is very fertile. The sur- 
face is nearly level, with a good groAvth of timber. This 
is a larare cotton-produeino- county. The staple products 
are cotton, com,, fruit, and pork. The averag'e price of 
improved land ranges from $15 to $30 per acre; unim- 
proved land, about $10 to $15 per acre. There are splen- 
did opportunities for profitable investments in timber land 
in this county. The inducements which the county offers 
to liome seekers are a healtlif ul climate, a fine soil, churches 
of various denominations, good schools, splendid shipping 
facilities, reasonable ]5rice of land, and the high moral tone 
£[nd respectable character of the people. 

Ripley, the coim^ty seat, is located on the Illinois Cen- 
tral Railroad, 56 miles nortlieast of Memphis. It has 
good schools, churches, two weekly newspapers, good bank- 
ing facilities, and general stores. 



Handbook of Tennessee, 



273 



Tlie average assessed value of land in 1900 was $6.91 
per acre, 

jSTumber of manufacturing establishments in the comity, 
82 ; capital employed, $313,535 ; amoimt of wages paid 
during the year, $01,031 ; number of farms, 3,086; num- 
ber of acres, 315,965 ; number of acres improved, 119,- 
545; value of buildings, $668,030; value of farming im- 
plements and macliinery, $190,930 ; value of live stock, 
$823,464 ; value of products not' fed to^ live stock, $1,461,- 
265 ; amount paid for farm labor during the year, $128,- 
720 ; total value of land and improvements, except build- 
ings, $2,340,470, 

AGEICtlLTUKAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 1,106,570 

Wheat 75,040 

Oats • . . . 14,000 

Other cereals 30 

Potatoes 9,303 

Sweet potatoes 6,810 

Onions ' 284 

Beans 115 

Peas 7,137 

Value other vegetables .$33,353 

Peanuts 175 

Apples 2,083 

Cherries 8 

Peaches 718 

Pears Ill 

Plums and prunes . . . 127 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 2 

Millet 67 

Clover 1,076 

Other cultivated grasses 1,974 

Grains cut green for hay 1,872 



Other forage crops 
Sorghum cane sold 



TONS. 

381 
95 



Sorghum sirup (gallons) 16,914 
Tobacco (pounds) . 
Broom corn (pounds) 
Dried fruits (pounds) 
Grapes (pounds) . . 
Wine (gallons) . . . 
Cider (barrels) . , 
Vinegar (barrels) . 



1,420 

570 

40 

6,666 

136 

6 

4 



NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 



Apple 16,398 

Cherry 634 

Peach 14,897 

Pear 2,414 

Plum and prune .... 4,282 
Grapevines 583 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits 



.$97,780 
. 13,684 



274 Handbook of Tennessee. 



, . POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 30,185 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 36,069 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 281,420 

Value of bees on hand 2,439 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 13,300 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 610 

VALUE or ANIAIAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 87,935 00 

Animals slaughtered 106,401 00 



Total $194,336 00 

LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 

Cattle 13,636 | Horses 4,551 

Sheep 1,220 , Mules 3,564 

Hogs 25,332 ! Asses and burros .... 60 



M'NAIRY COUIsrTY. 

Population in 1900, 17,760; population in 1890, 15,- 
510. This county has an area of 550 square miles, and is 
drained by the Hatchie River and small affluents of the 
Tennessee River. A considerable portion of the county 
is level, and in various portions there are fine growths of 
timber, consisting of ash, hickory, chestnut, oak, gtun, and 
cypress. The staple products are cotton, corn, and pork. 
The Mobile and Ohio Railroad and the Southern Raibvay 
traverse the county. 

Selmer, the county seat, is located on the Mobile and 
Ohio Railroad, 19 miles north of Corinth, Miss., and 
about 35 miles south of Jackson, Teaan. It has a bank, 
two weekly newspapers, good schools, churches, mills, 
lumber-manufacturing establislmients, and general stores. 
Its population in 1900 was 588. 

Adamsville, Stan^tonville, and Bethel Springs are flour- 
ishing to\vns in the county. 

The avej^age assessed value of land in 1900 was $3.15 
per acre. 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



275 



jSTmiiber of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
64; capital employed, $112,063; amomit of wages paid 
during the year, $17,650; number of farms, 3,012 ; num- 
ber of acres, 291,422 ; number of acres improved, 87,743 ; 
value of buildings, $379,120: value of farming imple>- 
ments and machinery, $123,670 ; value of live stock, 
$637,497 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $941,- 
565 ; amount paid for fami labor during the year, $15,- 
470 ; total value of land and improvements, except build • 
inas, $1,065,020. 



AGRICULTU"KAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 811,970 

Wheat 15,390 

Oats 23,140 

Other cereals 310 

Potatoes 4,999 

Sweet potatoes 7,859 

Onions 561 

Beans 152 

Peas 8,404 

Value other vegetables .$26,916 

Peanuts 375 

Apples 11,364 

Cherries 10 

Peaches 730 

Pears 175 

Plums and prunes . . . 1,783 



Wild grasses 

Millet . . ; 

Clover 

Other cultivated grasses 
Crains cut green for hay 



TONS. 

273 
33 
41 

565 
2,248 



Other forage crops 
Sorghum cane sold 



TONS. 

857 
37 



Sorghum sirup (gallons) 32,448 
Cotton (bales) 7,506 



3,500 

140 

610 

11,388 

11 

4 

2 



Tobacco (pounds) . . 
Broom corn (pounds) 
Dried fruits (pounds) 
Grapes (pounds) . . 
Wine (gallons) .... 
Cider (barrels) . . . 
Vinegar (barrels) . . 

NUMBEU OP FRUIT TREEt-. 

Apple 23,559 

Cherrv 696 

Peach 29,141 

Pear 3,334 

Plum and prune .... 56,308 

Grapevines 2,636 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits . 



.$53,444 
. 1,463 



276 IIandisook of Tennessee. 



POITLTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 28.422 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 42,926 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 397,310 

Value of bees on hand 4,147 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 21,150 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 690 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 56,758 00 

Animals slaughtered 100,432 00 



Total $157,190 00 

LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 

Cattle 11,292 1 Horses 3,896 

Sheep 8,376 Mules 2,727 

Hogs 24,720 Asses and burros .... 60 



MADISOIvT COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 36,333; population in 1890, 30,- 
497. This county has an area of 520 square miles, and 
is intersected by Forked Deer River. Its surface is .gen- 
erally level. Hickory, oak, ash, beech, walnut, sycamore, 
and poplar constitute the forest growtli. The soil is very 
fertile. The staple products are corn, cotton, fruits, cat- 
tle, and hogs. The Illinois Central Railroad ; the Mobile 
and Ohio Railroad ; and the Nashville, Chattanooga and 
St. Louis Railway traverse the county. A large cottx^n- 
manufacturing establishment has been erected at Bemis, 
2 miles south of Jackson, on the Illinois Central Rail- 
road, at a cost of $400,000, to wliich $50,000 in new 
machinery has recently been added; and a considerable 
manufacturing toMm has grown up around it, giving em- 
plo;^^nent to a large number of persons. 

Jackson, the county seat, is located at the intersection 
of the three above-mentioned railroads, and is the fifth 
largest city in population in the State. Under the census 
of 1900 the population was 14,507, and tliere has been a 
steady growth since that time, which justifies the claim 



Handbook of Tennessee. 277 

that there are between 18,000 and 20,000 inhabitants in 
the corporation and in the suburbs outside the corporate 
limits. This city has all the public improvements tliat go 
to make a live and prosperous city. The waterworks, 
owned by the city and supplied by artesian wells, furnish 
an unlimited supply of the purest water. The city owns 
its own electric light plant. The street railway owns an 
electric light plant and gas works, and operates its cars by 
electricity. The city has splendid public schools, equal 
to any in the State, and fine graveled streets. The South- 
western Baptist University is located at this place; ako 
the Memphis Conference Female Institute, St. Mary's 
Catholic School, and Lane College (for the education, of 
the colored). Jackson has the best boiler works plant in 
the State, the largest skewer factory in America, and a large 
number of other tliriving establislmients, among which may 
be mentioned the Southern Seating and Cabinet Company, 
a large spoke factory, the Jackson, Oil Mills, a large head- 
ing factory, a cotton compress, several ice-manufaoturing 
etablishments, and the Jackson Woolen Mills. The shops 
of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad and the repair shops of 
the Illinois Central Railroad are located at this point. 
Jackson has four banks, two daily newspapers, one polit- 
ical weekly, and other piublications. There are fine 
churches of the vai"ious denominations. The Carnegie 
Free library has recently been erected, also a branch of 
the Armour Packing Company. A movement has recently 
been inaugnirated betweeai the Commercial Club and the 
farmers in the surroiinding" country to increase tlie pro- 
duction of small fruits and vegetables in the county to 
supply the local demand and to ship to other markets. 
Considerable additions are being made to the manufac- 
turing interests of the city, and the population is steadily 
increasing'. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $6.22 
per acre. 



278 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



ISTnmber of manufacturing establiskments in the county^ 
139 ; capital emplojed, $1,279,914 ; amount of wages paid 
during tlie year, $503,366 ; number of farms, 3,672 ; niun- 
ber of acres, 298,363; number of acres improved, 157,- 
657: value of buildings, $774,360; value of farming 
implements and machinery, $162,690 ; value of live stock, 
$853,925 ; value of products not fed to live stock, $1,458,- 
539 ; amount paid for farm labor during the year, $49,- 
940 ; total value of land and improvements, except build- 
ings, $2,237,040. 



AGKICULTUBAL PRODL'CTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 985,050 

Wheat 39,920 

Oats 27,300 

Other cereals 125 

Potatoes 7,867 

Sweet potatoes 17,427 

Onions 768 

Beans 177 

Peas 17,369 

Value other vegetables .$44,354 

Clover seed 9 

Peanuts 110 

Apples 19,989 

Cherries 221 

Peaches 1,766 

Pears 247 

Plums and prunes . . . 943 

TONS. 

"Wild grasses 8 

Millet 267 

Clover 665 

Other cultivated grasses 1,455 



Grains cut green for hay 
Other forage crops . . . 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 



TONS. 

4,987 

2,569 

83 



Sorghum sirup (gallons) 45,426 
Cotton (bales) 12,488 



3.800 

2,630 

1.070 

67,612 

112 

56 

22 



Tobacco (pounds) . , 
Broom corn (pounds) 
Dried fruits (pounds) 
Grapes (pounds) . . 
Wine (gallons) . . . 
Cider (barrels) . . . 
Vinegar (barrels) . . 

NUMBER OP FKUIT TREES. 

Apple 54,882 

Cherry 7,524 

Peach 40,342 

Pear 4,283 

Plum and prune .... 31,930 
Grapevines 7,934 



Value forest prodacts 
Value of small fruits . 



,$81,257 
. 23,900 



Handbook of Tennessee, 279 

POULTKY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 30,681 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 53,802 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 527,790 

Value of bees on hand 2,835 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 14,060 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 870 

VALI'E OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 76,274 00 

Animals slaughtered 129,769 00 



Total $206,043 00 

LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 

Cattle 14.717 [ Horses 6,192 

Sheep 2,618 ] Mules 3,841 

Hogs 27,151 Asses and burros .... 49 



OBioTs^ cou:ntty. 

Population in 1900, 28,286 ; population in 1800, 27,- 
273. This county lias an area of 540 square miles. It 
is intersected by the Obion River, and is bounded on the 
west by E-eelfoot Lake. It is one of the richest ai^-icul- 
tural counties in the State. Its surface is nearly level, and 
has a plentiful supply of timber, such as ash, cypress, fi^tun, 
hickory, oalv, and poplar. The soil is rich and fertile. 
Wheat, com, cotton, oats, cattle, and hogs are the staple 
products. It is among the best wheat-producing- counties 
in the State. It is intersected by the Illinois Central 
Railroad ; the Mobile and Ohio Railroad ; and the N"ash- 
ville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway. 

Union City, the coimty seat, is located at the junction 
of these railroads, and is one of the most prosperous and 
thriving towns in West Tennessee. It has splendid 
churches, good schools, banks, weekly newspapers, and lum- 
ber mills, railroad shops, and other manufacturing estab- 
lishments. Its population in 1900 was 3,407. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $13.75 
per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the county. 



280 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



99 ; capital employed, $596,542 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $147,364 ; number of farms, 3,192 ; num- 
ber of acres, 304,879 ; nmnber of acres improved, $186,- 
788 ; value of buildings, $1,264,270 ; value of farming 
implements and machinery, $424,090 ; value of live stock, 
$1,315,725; value of products not fed to live stock, $1,- 
943,905 ; amount paid for farm labor during the year, 
$105,050 ; total value of land and improvements, except 
buildings, $5,624,770. 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 1,873,790 

Wheat 780,870 

Oats 14,830 

Other cereals 224 

Potatoes 12,008 

Sweet potatoes 10,764 

Onions 1,044 

Beans 260 

Peas 19,114 

Value other vegetables .$49,501 

Clover seed 51 

Peanuts 72 

Apples 12,823 

Cherries 94 

Peaches 204 

Pears 977 

Plums and prunes . . . 1,584 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 413 

Millet 127 

Clover 7,054 

Other cultivated grasses 3,304 



Crrains cut green for hay 
Other forage crops . 
Sorghum cane sold . 



Sorghum sirup (gallons) 9,161 

Cotton (bales) ....'. 1,032 
Tobacco (pounds) . . .1,822,200 

Broom corn (pounds) . . 36,100 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 450 

Grapes (pounds) .... 59,175 

Wine (gallons) .... 180 

Cider (barrels) 40 

Vinegar (barrels) ... 13 

NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 54,059 

Cherry 1,682 

Peach 29,435 

Pear 3,324 

Plum and prune .... 9,063 

Grapevines ........ 7,241 



TONS. 

3,558 

897 

57 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits . 



.$118,003 
. 11,580 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 41,191 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 67,621 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 401,920 

Value of bees on hand 6,031 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 23,530 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 1,050 

VALUE OF AXIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $250,661 00 

Animals slaughtered 126,595 00 



Total $377,256 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 18,302 

Sheep 4,957 

Hogs 47,923 



Horses 7,702 

Mules 5,236 

Asses and burros .... 94 



Handbook of Tennessee. 281 

SHELBY COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 153,557; population in 1890, 112,- 
740. This county has an area of 728 square miles. It 
is bounded on the west by the Mississippi River; on the 
south, by the State of Mississippi; and is intersected by 
the Loosahatchie Eiver and Wolf River. Its surface is 
level, Avdth forests of ash, elm, gum, oak, walnut, hickory, 
cypress, and other trees. The soil is very rich and fertile. 
It is one of the finest cotton-producing counties in the 
State. The staple products are cotton, com, lumber, and 
pork. The land produces from 15 to 60 bushels of corn 
per acre, and the yield of cotton per acre is greater in this 
county than in any other county in the State. The straw- 
berry industry is large and increasing. Market garden- 
ing is carried on extensively in the coiuitry around Mem- 
phis. The soil is especially adapted to all kinds of veg- 
etables. Oats, wheat, corn, sorghum, red and white clover, 
and Bermuda and blue grass grow extensively in the county. 
The county is dotted with thriving towns, and the educational 
facilities throughout the county are unexcelled. 

]\Iemphis, the county seat, is the largest city in the 
State. It is located on the eastern bank of the Mississippi 
River, on the Chickasaw Bluff, just below the mouth of 
Wolf River, 420 miles below St. Loujs and 209 miles 
southwest of Xashville. It is the most populous and im- 
portant city between New Orleans and St. Louis. It has 
100 miles of paved streets and 180 miles of sewers, the lat- 
ter built since 1878 and 100 miles built within the past 
three years, the whole system costing $1,100,000. There 
are 826 factories of various kinds in the city, employing 
15,000 workmen at an average of $12 per week, or $180,- 
000 per week for the whole, making a total of $9,360,000 
per annum. Between 35,000 and 40,000 people are sus- 
tained through the wage outlay of industrial enterprises 
of the city. The city covers an area of 16 square miles, 
and is bountifully supplied with water by an artesian 



282 Handbook of Tennessee. 

well system. The electric car system covers 100 miles, 
with 17 different lines. The company employs 500 men. 
There are twelve railroads entering the city, among the 
most important being the Illinois Central; the Yazoo and 
Mississippi Valley; the Choctaw, Oklahoma and Gulf; the 
Iron Mountain; the ''Frisco; the Kansas City, Memphis and 
Birmingham; the Louisville and Nashville; the ISTashville, 
Chattanooga and St. Louis Eailway ; the Cotton Belt ; the St. 
Louis, Memphis and Southeastern; and the Southern Eailway. 
The navigation of the river is open the year around. Its ship- 
ping facilities have made Memphis one of the leading marts 
of the United States. The city is rapidly growing, and its 
business is expanding in every direction. Churches of 
all denominations are represented within its borders, and 
its schools and colleges furnish educational advantages 
unexcelled. Its enterprising newspapers herald its prog- 
ress to the world. It has many beautiful private residences 
and splendid public buildings. The large manufacturing 
interests of the city are steadily growing. It is the lead- 
ing cotton market of the South; it is also a leading lum- 
ber market. About 4,000 head of mules and horses were 
marketed there during 1900. It is the center of the cotton- 
seed oil industry in the South, and is the largest cotton-seed 
oil market in the world. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $16.34 
per acre. 

The United States census for 1900 gives the following 
statistics of Shelby County : JSTumber of manufacturing es- 
tablishments in the county, 735; capital employed, $11,480,- 
781; amount of wages paid during the year, $3,760,429; 
number of farms, 6,887 ; number of acres, 377,689 ; num- 
ber of acres improved, 343,181 ; value of buildings, $2,005,- 
430; value of farming implements and machinery, $432,- 
500; value of live stock, $1,549,000; value of products not 
fed to live stock, $3,294,392 ; amount paid for farnr labor 
during the year, $343,160; total value of land and improve- 
ments, except buildings, $6,245,940. 



Handbook of Tei^nessee. 



283 



AGRIGULTUBAL PRODUCTS FOK 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 1,342,720 

Wheat 8,860 

Oats 26,410 

Other cereals ^70 

Potatoes 149,220 

Sweet potatoes 140,575 

Onions 6,120 

Beans 398 

Peas 25,840 

Value other vegetables. $126,072 

Peanuts 478 

Apples 4,574 

Cherries 9 

Peaches 1,113 

Pears 634 

Plums and prunes . . . 332 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 3 

Millet 159 

Clover 455 

Other cultivated grasses 4,084 

Grains cut green for hay 4,616 





TONS. 


Other forage crops . . 


740 


Sorghum cane sold . . 


512: 


Sorghum sirup (gallons) 


12,581 


Cotton (bales) .... 


39,175 


Tobacco (pounds) . . 


2,110 


Broom corn (pounds) . 


2.620 


Dried fruits (pounds) . 


320 


Grapes (pounds) . . . 


49,839 


Wine (gallons) .... 


263 


Cider (barrels) .... 


70 


Vinegar (barrels) . . . 


65 



NUMBER OF FRUIT TREKS. 

Apple 37,808 

Cherry 1.062 

Peach 46,489 

Pear 5,896 

Plum and prune .... 7,588 

Grapevines 19,212 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits . 



.$56,091 
.$13,742 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 66,013 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 101,459 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 036.100 

Value of bees on hand 2,164 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 13,380 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 550 

^"ALUE OF ANIMAU PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 92,00^ 00 

Animals slaughtered 161,870 00 



Total $253,876 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 24,076 

Sheep 3,642 

Hogs 35,655 



Horses 13,790 

Mules 8,437 

Asses and burros .... 90 



284 Handbook of Tennessee. 

TIPTON COUNTY. 

Population in 1900, 29,273; population in 1890, 24,- 
271. This connty lias an area of 400 square miles. It 
is bounded on tlie north by the Hatchie River; on the 
west, by the Mississippi River. The surface is level, ex- 
cept the range of hills near the Mississippi River. It is 
well covered with oak, g'um, hickory, poplar, and cypress. 
It is well watered with running streams and artesian wells 
of moderate depth. The soil is rich. Cotton, co^m, 
wheat, oats, fruit, vegetables, cattle, pork, and lumber are 
the products. The public schools are as good as the best. 
The Louisville and Nashville Railroad and the Illinois 
Central Railroad traverse the county. The average price 
of improved land is about $20 per acre. 

Covington, the county seat, is situated 38 miles north 
of Memphis, on the Illinois Central Railroad. The city 
has splendid public graded schools, which were awarded 
the silver medal at the Tennessee Centennial Expositiun. 
It has nine church buildings of the various denominations, 
two banks, electric lights, waterworks, a $100,000 cotton 
mill, a $60,000 cotton-seed oil mill, a $30,000 compress, a 
$25,000 flouring mill, and other manufacturing establish- 
ments. It has two weekly newspaiDcrs, and is a live, pro- 
gressive txiAvn. The population of the town in 1900 was 
2,787, an increase of more than 150 per cent over 1890. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $8.04 
per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the county, 
59 ; capital employed, $192,508 ; amount of wages ]iaid 
during the year, $23,585; number of farms, 4,168; num- 
ber of acres, 244,561 ; number of acres improved, 155,- 
956; value of buildings, $1,011,940; value of farming 
implements and machinery, $253,190 ; value of live stock, 
$1,007,163; value of products not fed to live stock, $1,- 
889,057 ; amount paid for farm labor during the year, 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



285 



$76,610 ; total value of land and improvements, except 
buildings, $2,752,630. 

agricxjIiTueal products for 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 1,007,220 

Wheat 40,170 

Oats 25,100 

Other cereals 175 

Potatoes 21,315 

Sweet potatoes 18,224 

Onions 681 

Beans 83 

Peas 8,506 

Value other vegetables .$46,866 

Clover seed 2 

Peanuts 83 

Apples 2,088 

Cherries 10 

Peaches 188 

Pears 794 

Plums and prunes . . . 237 

TOWS. 

Wild grasses 11 

Millet 49 

Clover 279 

Other cultivated grasses 2,876 



Grains cut green for hay 1,990 

Other forage crops . . . 524 

Sorghum cane sold ... 10 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 16,668 

Cotton (bales) 25,604 

Tobacco (pounds) . . . 4,480 

Broom corn (pounds) . . 13,890 

Dried fruits (pounds) . . 60 

Grapes (pounds) .... 13,067 

Wine (gallons) 5 

Cider (barrels) 4 

Vinegar (barrels) .... 2 

NUMBER OP FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 28,354 

Cherry 983 

Peach 26,660 

Pear 3,325 

Plum and prune .... 7,058 

Grapevines 2,128 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits . 



.$61,078 
. 2,328 



POULTRY AND BEES. 



Value of poultry on hand $ 38,111 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 66,285 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 521,370 

Value of l)ees on hand 3,678 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 16,630 

Pounds of vi^ax produced in 1899 880 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $ 96,178 00 

Animals slaughtered 123,216 00 



Total $219,394 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 16,575 

Sheep 2,817 

Hogs 30,418 



Horses 6,968 

Mules 4,051 

Asses and burros .... 29 



286 Handbook of Tennessee. 

WEAKLEY COUNTY. 

Pop-nlation in 1900, 32,546; population in 1890, 28,- 
955. This county borders on Kentucky, and has an area 
of 620 square miles. It is intersected by the Obion KiAer. 
"f he timber, of v/hich there is a considerable supply, is ash, 
beech, hickory, gmn, oak, poplar, and cypress. The sur- 
face is generally level, and the soil is very fertile. It is a 
fine county for growing the long "staple" cotton,; it is 
also a good tobacco-producing county. Corn, wheat, 
fruits, cotton, oats, tobacco, cattle, and hogs are the staple 
products. The Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis 
Eailway and the Illinois Central Eailroad traverse the 
county. 

Dresden, the county seat, has good schools, churches, 
lumber mills, a spoke and stave factory, general stores, a 
tannery, a bank, and a weekly newspaper. 

Martin is a prosperous town in this county, located at 
the crossing of tlie Illinois Central Railroad and the 
Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway. It is 
a town of 1,730 inhabitants. It has thirty-five busi- 
ness houses, six leaf-tobacco firms, good schools and 
churches, several manufacturing establishments, good ho- 
tels, and newspapers. 

Sharon and Greenfield are flourishing towns on. the Illi- 
nois Central Railroad, with fine schools, churches, news- 
papers, and flourishing manufacturing and commercial in- 
terests. 

The average assessed value of land in 1900 was $10.01 
per acre. 

Number of manufacturing establishments in the county ,^ 
98 ; capital employed, $471,471 ; amount of wages paid 
during the year, $109,950 ; nmnber of farms, 5,010 ; num- 
ber of acres, 343,005; number of acres improved, 214,- 
172 ; value of buildings, $1,454,420 ; value of farming 
implements and machinery, $422,670 ; value of live stock, 
$1,365,647; value of products not fed to live stock, $2,- 



Handbook of Tennessee. 



287 



206,326; amount paid for farm labor during the year, 
$142,140; total value of land and improvements, except 
buildings, $3,889,540. 

AGKICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 



BUSHELS. 

Corn 1,741,560 

Wheat 307,980 

Oats 19,770 

Other cereals 636 

Potatoes 6,088 

Sweet potatoes 13,200 

Onions 2,766 

Beans 587 

Peas 30,177 

Value other vegetables .$75,163 

Clover seed 1/8 

Peanuts 610 

Apples 20,216 

Cherries 288 

Peaches 372 

Pears 946 

Plums and prunes . . . 2,088 

TONS. 

Wild grasses 28 

Millet 215 

Clover 1,708 

Other cultivated grasses 3,512 



TONS. 

Grains cut green for hay 6,780 
Other forage crops . . . 1,961 
Sorghum cane sold . . . 265 

Sorghum sirup (gallons) 46,379 

Cotton (bales) 1.904 

Tobacco (pounds) . . .8,744,570 
Broom corn (pounds) . 2,880 



Dried fruits (pounds) 
Grapes (pounds) . . . 
Wine (gallons) . . . . 
Cider (barrels) . . . 
Vinegar (Jjarrels) . . . 



910 

116,750 

60 

94 

26 



NUMBER OF FRUIT TREES. 

Apple 88,069 

Cherry 5,808 

Peach 73,061 

Pear 5,168 

Plum and prune .... 26,323 
Grapevines 12,142 



Value forest products 
Value of small fruits 



.$128,390 
. 50,777 



POULTRY AND BEES. 

Value of poultry on hand $ 66,302 00 

Value of poultry raised in 1899 116,028 00 

Dozens of eggs produced in 1899 663,050 

Value of bees on hand 6,900 00 

Pounds of honey produced in 1899 38,130 

Pounds of wax produced in 1899 2,180 

VALUE OF ANIMAL PRODUCTS FOR 1899. 

Live animals sold $229,506 00 

Animals slaughtered 217,079 00 



Total $446,585 00 



LIVE STOCK ON HAND. 



Cattle 16,127 

Sheep 4,693 

Hogs 54,578 



Horses 8,443 

Mules 5,779 

Asses and burros . . . US 



/ 



ERRATA. 



Page 17, line 24, should read: "Total, 11,661,542." 

Page 100, last item, " L,ive Stock on Hand," should read: "Cattle, 10,(i68; horses, 
3,488; sheep, 5,425; mules, 1,515; hogs, 17,713; asses and burros, 26. "i 

Page 114, line 28, should read: " It is near the Holston River." 

Page 124, in line 18, should read: "Capital employed, $6,182,808." 

Page 132, in line 18, should read: "Acres, 124,819." 

Page 151, in lines 15 and 16, should read: " Value of live stock, $658,568." 

Page 167, in lines 27, 28, and 29, should read: " I,ive animals sold, $10,690; ani- 
mals slaughtered, $45,601. Total, $92,291." 

Page 167, last item, " I^ive Stock on Hand," should read : "Cattle, 3,832; horses, 
1,710; sheep, 3,606; mules, 1,200; hogs, 14,380; asses and burros, 42." 

Page 182, in line 23, should read: "Capital employed, $334,793." 

Page 225, in lines 2 and 3, should read: " This county, one of the largest tobacco- 
growing counties of Middle Tennessee," etc. 

Page 235, in lines 17 and 18, should read: "Capital employed, $906,792; amount 
of wages paid during the year, $83,119." 



IINDBX. 



A Brief Sketch of Tennessee 3-11 

General Statistics of Manufactures 11-16 

General Statistics of Agriculture 16-19 

Coal and Iron, by Col. A. M. Shook 20-25 

Phosphates, by Dr. C. W. Hayes 35-38 

Timber and Wood-working Interests 38-50 

Clays, by Lucius Polk Brown 50-55 

Copper 55, 56 

Marble 56, 57 

Lead 57, 58 

Barytes 58 

Zinc 58, 59 

Manganese 59, 60 

Slate 60 

Stone 60, 61 

Petroleum 61 

The Beef -cattle Industry, by Prof. A. M. Soule 61-86 

EAST TENN^ESSEE. 

Anderson County 87, 88 

Bledsoe County 89, 90 

Blount County 91, 93 

Bradley County 93, 94 

Campbell County 95, 96 

Carter County •. . 97, 98 

Claiborne County 99, 100 

Cocke County 101, 102 

Grainger County 103, 104 

Greene County 105, 106 

Hamblen County 107, 108 

Hamilton County 109-111 

Hancock County 113, 113 



290 Handbook of Tennessee. 

Hawkins County IM-llG 

James County 117, 118 

Jefferson County 119, 120 

Johnson County 121, 122 

Knox County 123-125 

Loudon County 126, 127 

MeMmn County 128, 129 

Marion County 130, 131 

Mei.o-s County 132, 133 

Monroe County 134, 135 

Morgan County 136, 137 

Polk County 138, 139 

Rhea County 140, 141 

Roane County 142, 143 

Scott County 144. 145 

Sequatchie County 146, 147 

Sevier County 148, 149 

Sullivan County 150-152 

Unicoi County 152, 153 

Union County 154, 155 

Van Buren County 156, 157 

Washington County 158, 159 

MIDDLE TENNESSEE. 

Bedford County 160, 161 

Cannon County 162, 163 

Cheatham County 164, 165 

Clay County 166, 167 

Coffee County 168-170 

Cumberland County 171, 172 

Davidson County ! 173-175 

DeKalb County ' 176, 177 

Dickson County 178, 179 

Fentress County 180, 181 

Franklin County 182, 183 

Giles County 184, 185 

Grundy County • • 186-188 



Handbook of Tennessee. 291 

Hickman County 188-190 

Houston County 191, 192 

Humphreys County 193, 194 

Jackson County 195, 196 

Lawrence County 197-199 

Lewis County 199, 200 

Lincoln County 201, 202 

Macon County 203, 204 

Marshall County 205, 20G 

Maury County 207, 208 

Montgomery County 209, 210 

Moore County 211, 212 

Overton County 213, 214 

Perry County 215, 216 

Pickett County 217, 218 

Putnam County 219, 220 

Robertson County 221, 222 

Rutherford County 223, 224 

Smith County 225, 226 

Stewart County 227, 228 

Sumner County 229, 230 

TrousdaJe County 231, 232 

Warren County 233, 234 

Wayne County 235, 236 

White County 237, 338 

Williamson County 239, 240 

Wilson County 241, 242 

WEST TENNESSEE. 

Benton County 243, 244 

Carroll County 245, 246 

Chester County 247, 248 

Crockett County 249-251 

Decatur County 252, 253 

Dyer County 254, 255 

Fayette County 256, 257 

Gribson County 258-260 



292 Handbook of Tennessee. 

Hardeman County 260, 361 

Hardin County 262, 263 

Haywood County 264, 265 

Henderson County 266, 26T 

Henry County 268-270 

Lake County 270-272 

Lauderdale County 272-274 

McNairy County 274-27G 

Madison County 276-27!) 

Obion County 279, 280 

Shelby County 281-283 

Tipton County 284, 285 

Weakley County 286, 287 



-BJL '05 



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